THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D AND OMEGA 3 ON VENA CAVA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 100 - 106, 30.04.2023

Bahar Kartal , Ebru Alimoğulları , Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt , Muhammad Nasir Bhaya , Hazal Demir , Uygar Saçık

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1184139

Öz

Objective: Vitamin D has a protective role in the cardiovascular system and it affects blood pressure. Omega-3 fatty acids are dietary fats gained from fish and plant oils and involve in coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Vitamin D and Omega 3 on the vascular structure at the cellular level.

Material and Methods: In the current study, a total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups. Each group contained 6 animals. The groups are as follows; control, vitamin D, Omega 3; and combined Vitamin D and Omega 3. Vena cava samples from all groups were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological alternations. Additionally, endothelial and vascular functions were investigated immunohistochemically.

Results: The H&E staining revealed that the treatment of either Vitamin D or Omega 3 did not cause histomorphological changes in the structure of the vena cava under normal conditions. The immunoexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased and vascular endothelial growth factor was increased in the vena cava of rats with the combined treatment of Vitamin D and Omega 3.

Conclusion: In conclusion, combined supplements of Vitamin D and Omega 3 did not have harmful effects on the blood vessel however further studies should be performed to determine the beneficial effects of these supplements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vitamin D, Omega 3, histopathology, vena cava, inducible nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor

Vitamin D ve Omega 3’ün Vena Kava Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: D vitamini kardiyovasküler sistem üzerinde koruyucu bir role sahiptir ve kan basıncını etkiler. Omega-3 yağ asitleri balık ve bitki yağlarından elde edilir ve koroner kalp hastalığına ve diğer kardiyovasküler komplikasyonlarda önemli rolü vardır. Çalışmamızın amacı, D vitamini ve Omega 3'ün damar yapısı üzerindeki etkilerinin hücresel düzeyde araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mevcut çalışmada toplam 24 sıçan kullanıldı. Her biri 6 hayvandan oluşan kontrol, D vitamini, Omega 3; ve kombine D Vitamini ve Omega 3 tedavisi uygulanan olmak üzere 4 grup belirlendi. Deney sonunda tüm gruplardan vena cava örnekleri alındı. Dokular histolojik değişimler için analiz edildi. Endotelyal ve vasküler fonksiyonlar immünhistokimyasal yöntem ile incelendi.

Bulgular: D Vitamini veya Omega 3 kullanımının normal koşullar altında vena cava yapısında histomorfolojik değişikliklere yol açmadığı tespit edildi. Vitamin D ve Omega 3'ün birlikte kullanımı sonucunda sıçanların vena cava örneklerinde indüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentazın immünoekspresyonu azaltırken, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörünün arttığı tespit edildi.

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, D vitamini ve Omega 3'ün kombine takviyelerinin hücresel düzeyde damar yapısı üzerine zararlı bir etkisi olmadığına ancak faydalarının tespit edilmesi için daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılması kanaatine varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vitamin D, Omega 3, histopatoloji, vena kava, indüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü

Kaynakça

• Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N EnglJMed. 2007;357(3):266–81.
• Norman PE, Powell JT. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2014;114(7):379-93
• Albert DM, Scheef EA, Wang S, Mehraein F, Darjatmoko SR, Sorenson CM et al. Calcitriol is a potent inhibitor of retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sc. 2007;48(5):2327-34.
• Charytan DM, Padera R, Helfand AM, Zeisberg EM. Association of activated vitamin D use with myocardial fibrosis and capillary. Ren Fail. 2015;37(6):1067-69.
• Bae S, Singh SS, Yu H, Lee JY, Cho BR, Kang PM. Vitamin D signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Appl Physiol. 2013;114(8):979–87.
• Chen S, Swier VJ, Boosani CS, Radwan MM, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D Deficiency Accelerates Coronary Artery Disease Progression in Swine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(8):1651–9.
• Aleksova A, Belfiore R, Carriere C, Kassem S, Carrubba S, Barbati G et al.Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2015;85(1-2):23–30.
• Polat V, Bozcali E, Uygun T, Opan S, Karakaya O.Low vitamin D status associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Clin Exp. 2015;8(1):1356–62.
• Alyami A, Soares MJ, Sherriff JL, Mamo JC. Vitamin D & endothelial function. Indian J Med Res 2014;140(4):483–90.
• Wilcox JN, Subramanian RR, Sundell CL, Tracey WR, Pollock JS, Harrison DG. et al. Expression of multiple isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in normal and atherosclerotic vessels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.1997;17(11):2479–88.
• Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol.2011;58(20):2047–67.
• Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, Davidson MH, Schaefer EJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis.2008;197(1):12–24.
• Kuyucu Y, Sencar L, Tap O, Mete UO. Investigation of the effects of vitamin D treatment on the ovarian AMH receptors in a polycystic ovary syndrome experimental model: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Reprod Biol 2020;20(1):25-32.
• Sukhotnik I, Slijper N, Pollak Y, Chemodanov E, Shaoul R, Coran AG. et al.Parenteral omega3fatty acids (Omegaven) modulate intestinal recovery after intestinal ischemia reperfusioninaratmodel.JPediatr Surg2011;46(7):1353–60.
• Ortak H, Cayli S, Tas U, Ocaklı S, Söğüt E, Demir HD. et al. Expression of p97/VCP and ubiquitin during postnatal development of the degenerating rat retina. J Mol Histol 2021;43(1):17–25.
• Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verlinden L, Van E, Verstuyf A, Luderer HF et al. Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(6):726–76.
• Borow KM, Nelson JR, Mason RP. Biologic plausibility, cellular effects, and molecular mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242(1):357–66.
• Toyam K, Nishioka T, Isshiki A, Ando T, Inoue Y, Kirimura M. et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid combined with optimal statin therapy improves endothelial dysfunctionn patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2014;28(1):53–9.
• Hashemi SM, Mokhtari SM, Sadeghi R, Foroozan R, Safari M. Effect of vitamin D therapy on endothelial function in ischemic heart disease female patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency: a primary report. Atherosclerosis.2015;11(1):54–9.
• Chitalia N, Mayoral AR, Kaski JC, Banerjee D.Vitamin D deficiency and endothelial dysfunction in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Atherosclerosis. 2012;220(1):265–8.
• Said MA. Vitamin D attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;128(4):959-63
• Closs EI, Scheld JS, Sharafi M, Forstermann U. Substrate supply for nitric-oxide synthase in macrophages and endothelial cells: role of cationic amino acid transporters. Mol Pharmacol 2000;57(1):68–74.
• Dursun E, Gezen D, Yilmazer SA. New Mechanism for Amyloid-β Induction of iNOS: Vitamin D-VDR Pathway Disruption. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;36(3):459-74.
• Hu CO, Bo QL, Chu LL, Hu YD, Fu L, Lu Y. et al.Vitamin D Deficiency Aggravates Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation during Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Oxid Med Cell.2020;(2020):5715893.
• Zhao JW, Ping JD, Wang YF, Liu XN, Li N, Hu ZL. et al.Vitamin D suppress the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in mast cellby inhibiting PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1a pathway in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108444.
• Shahvegharasl Z, Pirouzpanah S, Mahboob SA, Montazeri V, Adili A, Asvadi I. et al. Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum angiogenic biomarkers in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen: a controlled randomized clinical trial. Nutrition.2020;72:110656.
• Yuchun W, Lian J. Role of vitaminD–vitaminD receptor signaling onhyperoxia induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonatal rats. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(7):2335-44