Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Reformlarında “Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik” Teorisinin Etkileri: Türk Sağlık Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 43 - 61, 22.10.2018

Hamza Ateş

Öz

Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik genellikle pasif, bağımlı ve çaresiz bir şekilde davrandığı görülen bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Bu teoriye göre bireyler bazı durumlarda tercihleri ve eylemleri ile ulaşmak istedikleri sonuçlar arasında bir bağlantı olmadığını tecrübe eder veya öğrenir. Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kavramı 1960’lı yıllarda psikolog Martin Seligman tarafından kullanılmıştır. Bu kavram her ne kadar sağlık bilimleri alanında kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmiş olsa da zamanla depresyon, duygu eksikliği gibi durumları açıklamak üzere davranış bilimleri alanında da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik depresif insanların geldiği bu durumu çaresiz olmayı öğrenmeleri ile açıklamaktadır. Bu kavram artık psikoloji, sosyoloji ve yönetim gibi sosyal bilimlerin pek çok dalında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Bu çalışma Tükiye’de kamu sektörü reformlarına karşı olan olumsuz tutum ve direnci kavramsallaştırmak için öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kavramını kamuyönetimi alanında kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın temelini oluşturan saha araştırması, çoktan seçmeli soruların bulunduğu anketin Sağlık Bakanlığı personeline uygulanmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilerek çalışmada öngörülen varsayımlar ile karşılaştırılmış ve ilgili kuramsal çerçeve doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kamu Yönetimi, Sağlık Reformları, Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik, Türk Sağlık Sektörü, Saha Araştırması

Impacts of Learned Helplessness Theory on New Public Management Reforms: A Case Study in Turkish Health Sector

Öz

Learned helplessness is a term that is often used to describe persons who appear to behave in a passive, dependent, helpless manner. This theory indicates that an individual experiences or "learns" that in some situations there is no connection between his / her choices and actions, and the outcomes the person wants to achieve. The term "learned helplessness" was coined by psychologist Martin Seligman in 1960s. Although the theory of learned helplessness was developed for health sciences, by the time, it was extended to human behavior, providing a model for explaining depression, a state characterized by a lack of affect and feeling. Depressed people became that way because they learned to be helpless. It is nowadays extensively used in such social science branches as psychology, sociology and management.

This work attempts to further extend the theory of learned helplessness to the field of public administration/management through using it to conceptualize negative attitudes and resistance to public sector reforms in Turkey. The field survey, which is the basis for this article, was conducted through a questionnaire where multiple-choice questions were applied to the staff of the Ministry of Health. The data of the study were analyzed by SPSS analysis program and compared with the researchers' assumptions and evaluated with the help of the related theoretical framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public Administration, Health Reforms, Learned Helplessness, Turkish Health Sector, Field Study

Kaynakça

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