Intercondylar width index of the tibia in the dogs: A morphological study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 102 - 107, 31.08.2022

Seyyid Said Sabancı

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1076011

Cited By: 1

Öz

Morphological characteristics of the proximal tibia affect the orthopedic balance of the knee region. Such as the width of the condyles, tibial plateau angle, position of the patella; Intercondylar width is one of these features as well. The objectives of this study are to calculate the intercondylar width index of the tibia (ICWI) in dogs, to determine if there are gender-related differences in ICWI, and to compare the ICWI among the six breeds of dog. For these aims, the tibial bones of 84 dogs from 26 different breeds were used. The radiographs of tibias were taken, and the tibial plateau and intercondylar widths were measured. The intercondylar width index was calculated using the following formula: (intercondylar width/tibial plateau width) *100. The mean intercondylar width index of the dogs was 19.2±2.72. The index values of male and female dogs were 19.1±3.32 and 19.3±2.02, respectively. The significant differences in the index were not determined between male and female dogs, but the significant difference was determined among dogs’ breeds. The dogs in the high-risk breeds had significantly smaller eminence width index value than the dogs in the low-risk breeds related with the non-traumatic cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The results of this study suggested performing further clinical studies to evaluate whether the difference in intercondylar width index among breeds in dogs is associated with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dog, tibia, cranial cruciate ligament, intercondylar width index.

Kaynakça

• Reference 1. Dye SF. An evolutionary perspective of the knee. J Bone Jt Surg. 1987;69:976-83.
• Reference 2. Gupte CM, Bull AM, Murray R, Amis AA. Comparative anatomy of the meniscofemoral ligament in humans and some domestic mammals. Anat Histol Embryol. 2007;36:47-52.
• Reference 3. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. The locomotor apparatus. In Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2002. p. 32-99.
• Reference 4. De Rooster H, De Bruin T, Van Bree H. Morphologic and functional features of the canine cruciate ligaments. Vet Surg. 2006;35:769-80.
• Reference 5. Arnoczky SP, Marshall JL. The cruciate ligaments of the canine stifle: an anatomical and functional analysis. Am J Vet Res. 1977;38:1807-14.
• Reference 6. Slocum B, Devine T. Cranial tibial thrust: a primary force in the canine stifle. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983;183:456-59.
• Reference 7. Lopez MJ, Kunz D, Vanderby R, Heisey D, Bogdanske J, Markel MD. A comparison of joint stability between anterior cruciate intact and deficient knees: a new canine model of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:224-30.
• Reference 8. Tashman S, Anderst W, Kolowich P, Havstad S, Arnoczky S. Kinematics of the ACL-deficient canine knee during gait: serial changes over two years. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:931-41.
• Reference 9. Lewis BA, Allen DA, Henrikson TD, Lehenbauer TW. Computed tomographic evaluation of the canine intercondylar notch in normal and cruciate deficient stifles. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21:119-24.
• Reference 10. Griffon DJ. A review of the pathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease as a basis for future preventive strategies. Vet Surg. 2010;39:399–09.
• Reference 11. Macias C, McKee WM, May J. Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small-breed dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2002;43:433-38.
• Reference 12. Osmond CS, Marcellin-Little DJ, Harrysson OLA, Kidd LB. Morphometric assessment of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006;47:136-41.
• Reference 13. Talaat MB, Kowaleski MP, Boudrieau RJ. Combination tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge osteotomy of the tibia for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles with excessive tibial plateau angle. Vet Surg. 2006;35:729-39.
• Reference 14. Mostafa AM, Griffon DJ, Thomas M, Constable PD. Morphometric characteristics of the pelvic limb of Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Am J Vet Res. 2009;70:498-07.
• Reference 15. Guerrer TG, Geyer H, Hassig M, Montavon PM. Effect of conformation of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the tibia on the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68:1332-37.
• Reference 16. Boudrieau RJ. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or tibial tuberosity advancement? Vet Surg. 2009;38:1-22.
• Reference 17. Inauen R, Koch D, Bass M, Haessig M. Tibial tuberosity conformation as a risk factor for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2009;22:16-20.
• Reference 18. Renwick AIC, McKee, WM, Emmerson TD, House AK. Preliminary experiences of the triple tibial osteotomy procedure: tibial morphology and complications. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50:212-21.
• Reference 19. Uhorchak JM, Scoville CR, Williams GN, Arciero RA, St.Pierre P, Taylor DC. Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective four-year evaluation of 859 West Point cadets. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:831-42.
• Reference 20. Witsberger TH, Villamil JA, Schultz L, Hahn, AW, Cook JL. Prevalence and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232:1818-24.
• Reference 21. Tillman MD, Smith KR, Bauer JA, Cauraugh, JH, Falsetti A.B, Pattishall JL. Differences in three intercondylar notch geometry indices between males and females: a cadaver study. Knee. 2002;9:41-46.
• Reference 22. Hashemi J, Mansouri H, Chandrashekar N, Slauterbeck JR, Hardy DM, Beynnon BD. Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res. 2011;29:993-01.
• Reference 23. Griffin LY, Albohm MJ, Arendt EA, Bahr R, Beynnon BD, Demaio M, et al. Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1512-32.
• Reference 24. Chandrashekar N, Slauterbeck J, Hashemi J. Sex-based differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament and its relation to intercondylar notch geometry: A cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1492-98.
• Reference 25. Chandrashekar N, Mansouri H, Slauterbeck J, Hashemi J. Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. J Biomech. 2006;39:2943-50.
• Reference 26. Dienst M, Schneider G, Altmeyer K, Voelkering K, Georg T, Kramann B, Kohn D. Correlation of intercondylar cross sections to the ACL size: A high resolution MR tomographic in vivo analysis. Arc Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007; 127:253-60.
• Reference 27. Bennett D, Tennant B, Lewis DG, Baughan J, May C, Carter S. A reappraisal of anterior cruciate ligament disease in the dog. J Small Anim Pract. 1988;29:275-97.
• Reference 28. Charlton WPH, St.John TA, Ciccotti MG, Harrison N, Schweitzer M. Differences in femoral notch anatomy between men and women: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:329-33.
• Reference 29. Wolters F, Vrooijink SHA, Van Eck CF, Fu FH. Does notch size predict ACL insertion site size? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19(1):17-21.
• Reference 30. Grierson J, Asher L, Grainger K. An investigation into risk factors for bilateral canine cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2011;24:192-96.
• Reference 31. Harasen GLG, A retrospective study of 165 cases of rupture of the canine cranial cruciate ligament. Can Vet J. 1995;36:250-51.
• Reference 32. Zeltzman PA, Pare B, Johnson GM, Zeltzman V, Robbins MA, Gendreau CL. Relationship between age and tibial plateau angle in dogs with cranial cruciate rupture. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005;41:117-20.
• Reference 33. Wilke VL, Conzemius MG, Kinghor B.P, Macrossan PE, Cai W, Rothschild MF. Inheritance of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Newfoundlands. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;228:61-64.
• Reference 34. Whitehair JG, Vasseur PB, Willits NH. Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;203:1016-19.
• Reference 35. Duval JM., Budsberg SC, Flo GL, Sammarco JL. Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. J Am Vet Med A. 1999;215:811-14.