Dış Kafesinde Kırık Bar Arızası Olan Çift Kafesli Asenkron Motorun Performans Analizi

Yıl 2020, , 176 - 188, 07.12.2020

Asım Gökhan Yetgin

https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.755638

Öz

Asenkron motorlar endüstride en sık kullanılan motorlardan birisidir. Bu nedenle, motorun içinde veya dışında bir arıza (elektrik veya mekanik) motorun gücünün kesilmesine ve hatta fabrika içinde üretim kayıplarına neden olabilir. Literatürde tek kafesli asenkron motor arızaları üzerine çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, çift kafesli motor arızaları sıkça araştırılan bir konu değildir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, çift kafesli bir asenkron motorun dış kafes oluğundaki hataların motor performansını nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Analizler Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi (SEY) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Rotor oluğunda 1, 2, 3 ve 4 adet dış kafes kırığı olan motor modelleri incelenmiştir. Motor modellerinin rotor akımları, manyetik vektör potansiyel değerleri, manyetik akı dağılımları, akım yoğunlukları, radyal kuvvetler ve moment-hız grafikleri elde edilmiş ve hem sağlam hem de arızalı motorlar için karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, rotordaki kırık çubuk sayısı arttıkça, her üç moment (yol alma, maksimum ve nominal) değerinde önemli bir azalma meydana geldiğini göstermiştir. Sağlam motora göre, rotor oluğunda 4 kırık bulunan motorun yol alma momentinin %13.77 oranında azaldığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kırık Çubuklar, Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi, Asenkron Motor, Dış Rotor Kafes Arızası, Performans Analizi

Performance Analysis of Double Cage Induction Motor with Broken Bar Faults in Outer Cage

Öz

Induction motors are one of the most commonly used motor in the industry. For this reason, a fault (electrical or mechanical) inside or outside of the motor can cause the motor to go out of power and even cause the production losses inside the factory. Although there are many studies on single-cage induction motor failures in the literature, double cage motor failures are not a frequent subject of study. Therefore, in this study, it was investigated how the outer cage slot faults in a double cage induction motor affect the motor performance. Analyses were performed using Finite Element Method (FEM). 1, 2, 3 and 4 outer cage broken bars in the rotor slot were investigated. Rotor currents, magnetic vector potential values, magnetic flux distributions, current densities, radial forces and torque-speed graphs of the motor models were obtained and compared for both healthy and failure motors. The results show that as the number of broken bar in the rotor increased, a significant reduction was observed in all three torque (starting, maximum and nominal) values. It has been observed that the starting torque decreased by 13.77% for the 4 broken outer cage rotor bars motor according to the healthy motor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

broken bars, finite element method, Induction motor, outer rotor cage fault, performance analysis

Kaynakça

• Alsaedi, M.A. (2015). Fault diagnosis of three-phase induction motor: a review. Optics 4(1-1): 1-8.
• Bernatt, J., Bernatt, M. (2013). High power squirrel cage motors for heavy starting conditions. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny 89: 25-27.
• Boughrara, K., Ibtiouen, R. (2014). Analytical modeling of double cage rotor induction motors in healthyand broken bars conditions. Proceeding IEEE International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb, Tunis, Tunisia, 3-6 Nov., 2014, 1-8p.
• Brooks, L.A.A., Loo, C.E.U., Castro, E.L., Castro, J.L. (2018). In-depth cross-coupling analysis in high-performance induction motor control. Journal of the Franklin Institute 355: 2142–2178.
• Daviu, J.A., Guasp, M.R., Llinares, J.P., Park, J., Lee, S.B., Yoo, J., Kral, C. (2011). Detection of broken outer cage bars for double cage induction motors under the startup transient. Proceeding 8th IEEE Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics & Drives, Bologna, Italy, 5-8 Sept., 2011, 1-8p.
• Faiz, J., Ebrahimi, B.M. (2009). Locating rotor broken bars in induction motors using finite element method. Energy Conversion and Management 50(1): 125–131.
• Faiz, J., Ebrahimi, B.M., Sharifian, M.B.B. (2007). Time stepping finite element analysis of broken bars fault in a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor. Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER) 68: 53–70.
• Gritli, Y., Lee, S.B., Filippetti, F., Zarri, L. (2014). Advanced diagnosis of outer cage damage in double squirrel cage induction motors under time-varying conditions based on wavelet analysis. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 50(3): 1791-1800.
• Gritli, Y., Tommaso, A.O.D., Miceli, R., Filippetti, F. (2013). Vibration signature analysis for rotor broken bar diagnosis in double cage induction motor drives. Proceeding IEEE 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives. Istanbul, Turkey, 13-17 May, 2013, 1814-1820p.
• Guru, N., Mishra, S.K., Nayak, B. (2013). Indirect vector control of multi cage induction motor. International Journal of Computer Applications 68(2): 25-32.
• Gyftakis, K.N., Athanasopoulos, D., Kappatou, J. (2012). Study of double cage induction motors with different rotor bar materials. Proceeding XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines, Marseille, France, 2-5 Sep., 2012, 1450-1456p.
• Gyftakis, K.N., Athanasopoulos, D.K., Kappatou, J. (2013). Evaluation of different broken bar fault diagnostic means in double-cage induction motors with fem. Proceeding 9th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED), Valencia, Spain, 27-30 Aug., 2013, 36-42p.
• Hamdani, S., Touhami, O., Ibtiouen, R. (2008). A generalized two axes model of a squirrel-cage induction motor for rotor fault diagnosis. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 5(1): 155-170.
• Han, Q., Yao, H., Wen, B. (2010). Parameter identifications for a rotor system based on its finite element model and with varying speeds. Acta Mechanica Sinica 26: 299–303.
• http://www.femm.info/wiki/InductionMotorExample.
• Huang, S.R., Huang, K.H., Chao, K.H., Chiang, W.T. (2016). Fault analysis and diagnosis system for induction motors. Computers & Electrical Engineering 54: 95-209.
• Ishikawa, T. (2015). Failure diagnosis of squirrel-cage induction motor with broken rotor bars and end rings, induction motors. In: Recalde RIG (ed) IntechOpen.
• Jahic, A., Hederic, Z., Atic, M. (2015). Detection of failures on the high-voltage cage induction motor rotor. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 6(1): 15-21.
• Kathir, I., Balakrishnan, S., Saktavil, G. (2012). Detection of rotor fault in an induction motor under standstill condition-a power quality perspective. Procedia Engineering, 38: 3200-3214.
• Lorenzani, E., Salati, A., Bianchini, C., Immovilli, F., Bellini, A., Lee, S.B., Yoo, J., Kwon, C. (2012). Dynamic modeling of double cage induction machines for diagnosis of rotor faults. Proceeding IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Raleigh, NC, USA, 15-20 Sep., 2012, 1299-1305p.
• Maouche, Y., Oumaamar, M.E.K., Boucherma, M., Khezzar, A. (2014). A new approach for broken bar fault detection in three-phase induction motor using instantaneous power monitoring under low slip range. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4(1): 52-63.
• Meeker, D. (2014). Induction motor example. 1-13.
• Miceli, R., Gritli, Y., Tommaso, A.D., Filippetti, F., Rossi, C. (2014). Vibration signature analysis for monitoring rotor broken bar in double squirrel cage induction motors based on wavelet analysis. The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33(5): 1625-1641.
• Munteanu, A., Simion, A., Livadaru, L., Virlan, B., Şandru, M. (2012). Three phase squirrel-cage induction motor optimization using finit element method. Proceeding IEEE International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), Iasi, Romania, 25-27 Oct., 2012, 464-467p.
• Nakamura, H., Mizuno, Y. (2013). Probabilistic diagnosis of short-circuit faults and insulation deterioration of stator winding of motor. Electrical Engineering in Japan 184(1): 30-41.
• Park, J., Kim, B., Yang, J., Lee, S.B., Wiedenbrug, E.J., Teska, M., Han, S. (2010). Evaluation of the detectability of broken rotor bars for double squirrel cage rotor induction motors. Proceeding IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, USA, 12-16 Sep., 2010, 2493-2500p.
• Pezzani, C., Donolo, P., Bossio, G., Donolo, M., Guzman, A., Zocholl, S.E. (2014). Detecting broken rotor bars with zero-setting protection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 50(2): 1373–1384.
• Preez, H.D.C. (2016). Induction motor rotor bars. Electricity+Control, pp. 1-4. [Online available]:
• https://www.crown.co.za/images/magazines/electricity-control/SpotOn/Induction_motor_rotor_bars.pdf
• Roubache, L., Boughrara, K., Ibtiouen, R. (2016). Analytical electromagnetic analysis of multi-phases cage rotor induction motors in healthy, broken bars and open phases conditions. Progress In Electromagnetics Research (PIER) B 70: 13–130.
• Said, N.N. (2004). Rotor resistance estimation of an induction motor to detect broken bars fault using h-h method. Electric Power Components and Systems 32(2): 149-161.
• Sudar, V.A., Nagarajan, S., Rama, R.S. (2012). Detection and analysis of broken bar in three phase squirrel cage induction motor using fem. Proceeding IEEE International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), Kumaracoil, India, 21-22 Mar., 2012, 40-50p.
• Tudorache, T., Taras, P., Fireteanu, V. (2006). Finite element diagnosis of squirrel cage induction motors with rotor bar faults. Proceeding 10th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM), Brasov, Romania, 18–19 May, 2006, 1–6p.
• Vaimann, T., Kallaste, A. (2011). Detection of broken rotor bars in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor using fast fourier transform. Proceeding 10th International Symposium, Topical Problems in the Field of Electrical and Power Engineering, Parnu, Estonia, 10-15 Jan., 2011, 52-56p.
• Wang, P.P., Chen, X.X., Zhang, Y., Hu, Y.J., Miao, C.X. (2018). IBPSO‑based music algorithm for broken rotor bars fault detection of induction motors. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 31: 1-10.
• Wilow, V. (2014). Electromagnetical model of an induction motor in COMSOL Multiphysics. Master Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
• Xie, Y., Gu, C., Cao, W. (2012). Study of broken bars in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors at standstill. European Transactions on Electrical Power 2012: 1-15.
• Xie, Y., Guo, J., Chen, P., Li, Z. (2018). Coupled fluid-thermal analysis for induction motors with broken bars operating under the rated load. Energies 11(8): 1-17.
• Yamamoto, S., Hirahara, H., Tanaka, A., Ara, T. (2017). A simple method for determining equivalent circuit parameters of double-cage induction motors from no-load and locked rotor tests. Proceeding IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1-5 Oct., 2017, 301-306p.
• Yetgin, A.G. (2019). Effects of induction motor end ring faults on motor performance, experimental results. Engineering Failure Analysis 96: 374-383.