Environmental impacts of geothermal fields on water resources in the Central Anatolia region, Turkey

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 42 - 60, 27.06.2024

Eda Aydemir Polat Şehnaz Şener

https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1416438

Öz

Hot and mineral waters in thermal areas may interact with other water resources in the region. When such a situation occurs, it is possible for hot water to negatively affect the chemical structure and quality of cold-water resources. This limits the use of drinking and/or irrigation water in water resources. In the scope of this study, geothermal fields in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey were examined in detail and the quality and usability characteristics of the water resources in these fields were examined. Thus, the environmental effects of geothermal in terms of water resources were tried to be revealed. The geological, hydrogeological and hydro geochemical properties of 18 different geothermal fields located in 5 different regions were examined and their similarities and differences with each other were revealed. In addition, the quality and usability characteristics of hot and cold-water resources in each field were examined and the possible negative effects of these geothermal fields on water resources were investigated. According to the results obtained, thermal energy causes pollution of both freshwater resources and soil, especially due to their high ion content. In addition, considering the major ion and heavy metal contents of thermal waters, it is seen that health problems may occur if the water is used as drinking water for a long time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geothermal, groundwater, drinking water, environmental effects, Central Anatolia Region

İç Anadolu Bölgesindeki (Türkiye) Jeotermal Sahaların Su Kaynakları Üzerindeki Çevresel Etkileri

Öz

Termal alanlardaki sıcak ve mineralli sular bölgedeki diğer su kaynaklarıyla etkileşime girebilmektedir. Böyle bir durum oluştuğunda sıcak suyun, soğuk su kaynaklarının kimyasal yapısını ve kalitesini olumsuz etkilemesi mümkündür. Bu durum su kaynaklarında içme ve/veya sulama suyunun kullanımını sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu bölgesindeki jeotermal sahalar detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek bu sahalardaki su kaynaklarının kalite ve kullanılabilirlik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Böylece jeotermalin su kaynakları açısından çevresel etkileri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. 5 farklı bölgede yer alan 18 farklı jeotermal sahanın jeolojik, hidrojeolojik ve hidrojeokimyasal özellikleri incelenerek birbirleriyle benzerlik ve farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca her sahadaki sıcak ve soğuk su kaynaklarının kalite ve kullanılabilirlik özellikleri tespit edilerek bu jeotermal sahaların su kaynakları üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre jeotermal sular, özellikle iyon içeriğinin yüksek olması nedeniyle hem tatlı su kaynaklarının hem de toprağın kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca termal suların majör iyon ve ağır metal içerikleri dikkate alındığında suyun uzun süre içme suyu olarak kullanılması durumunda sağlık sorunlarının oluşabileceği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jeotermal, yeraltı suyu, içme suyu, çevresel etkiler, İç Anadolu Bölgesi

Kaynakça

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