Araştırma Makalesi
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SIRA DIŞI LİDERLİK TARZLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1106 - 1122, 27.07.2021

Yunus Yılan , Belkıs Özkara

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910068

Öz

Kaos, belirsizlik ve karmaşa sonucunda ortaya çıkan sıra dışı liderler, büyük örgütlerin başarısızlığında veya başarısında önemli bir rol oynayan etkili kişilerdir. Ancak yaşadığımız geniş sosyal sistemde ve dünyada önemli bir etkiye sahip olan sıra dışı liderleri sınıflandırmaya yardımcı olacak ve liderlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için kullanılabilecek kapsamlı bir ölçek bulunmamaktadır. Literatürdeki bu boşluktan hareketle çalışmanın amacı; sıra dışı liderlik tarzlarını karizmatik, ideolojik ve pragmatik liderlik açısından ele alan bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda Bedell-Avers, Hunter ve Mumford (2008)'un 120 liderin biyografilerini incelemesi sonucunda oluşturduğu senaryolardan yola çıkarak bir ifade havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Turizm sektörünün iş yükü bakımından en yoğun alanı olan otel işletmelerinin çalışanlarını kapsayan bir örneklem üzerinde yapılan analizler sonucunda 24 maddeden oluşan sıra dışı liderlik ölçeği geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sıra Dışı Liderlik Karizmatik Liderlik İdeolojik Liderlik Pragmatik Liderlik Ölçek Geliştirme

Destekleyen Kurum

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

18.SOS.BİL.12

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, N., Aslan, S. (2016). Örtük program ölçeği: Ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Elektranik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(56), 169-176
  • Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma, yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler, (3. Baskı) Ankara: Pegem Yayınevi.
  • Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  • Bedell, K. E., Hunter, S. T., ve Mumford, M. D. (2008). Conditions of problem solving and the performance of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders: A comparative experimental study. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 89–106.
  • Beyer, J. M. (1999). Taming and promoting charisma to change organizations. Leadership Quarterly (Charismatic Leadership: Part I), 10(2), 307–330.
  • Bilić, I., Pivčević, S., Čevra, A., (2017). Crisis management in hotel business–insights from Croatia, Communication Management Review, 2 (2), 100-118.
  • Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Meindl, J. R. (2004). Charisma under crisis: presidential leadership, rhetoric, and media responses before and after the september 11th terrorist attacks. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 211−239.
  • Burns, J. M. G., 1978, Leadership, Harper and Row, Publishers, New York.
  • Byrne, B. M., ve Campbell, T. L. (1999). Cross-cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 555-574.
  • Connelly, M.S., Gilbert, J.A., Zaccaro, S.J., Threlfall, K.V., Marks, M.A., Mumford, M.D. (2000). Exploring the relationship of leadership skills and knowledge to leader performance, Leadership Quarterly, 11, 65-86.
  • Conger J.A. (1990). The Dark Side of Leadership, Organizational Dynamics, 19(2), 44–55.
  • Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N. (1988). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy Of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647
  • Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: getting the most from a panel of experts. Applies Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197.
  • Erdoğan, İ., (2012), Pozitivist metodoloji ve ötesi: Araştırma tasarımları, niteliksel ve istatistiksel yöntemler, Geliştirilmiş 3. Baskı. Ankara: Erk Yayınları
  • Hall, M.C., (2010). Crisis events in tourism: subjects of crisis in tourism, Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401-417.
  • Halverson, S. E., Holladay, C. C., Kazma, S. M., & Quionnes, M. A. (2004). Self-sacrificial behavior in crisis situations: The competing roles of behavioral and situational factors. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 211−240.
  • Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A belief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 104-121.
  • Hu,L.T., Bentler,P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Hunt, J.G., Boal, K.B., Dodge, G.E. (1999). The effects of visionary and crisis responsive charisma on followers: An experimental examination of two kinds of charismatic leadership, The Leadership Quarterly 10, 423–448
  • Jöreskog, K. G., Sörbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language. scientific software international. Chicago, IL, 1993.
  • Ligon, G.S., Hunter, S.T., Mumford, M.D. (2008). Development of outstanding leadership: A life narrative approach, The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 312-334.
  • Karakaş, Y.E. (2018). Kriz Dönemlerinde Turizm İşletmelerinde İnovasyonun Önemi: 5 Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma, İnonü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Malatya.
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler ve teknikler, Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief selfreport measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Crosscultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal Of Testing, 6(4), 311-360.
  • Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). Psychological processes and ‘the staircase to terrorism’. American Psychologist, 60, 1039−1041
  • Mumford, M.D. (2006). Pathways to outstanding leadership: a comparative analysis of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership, Mahwah, Nj: Erlbaum Press
  • Mumford, M. D., Bedell, K. E., Hunter, S. T., Espejo, J., Eubanks, D., Connelly,M. S. (2008). Violence in ideological and non-ideological groups: A quantitative analysis of qualitative data. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 1521-1561.
  • Mumford, M.D., Espejo, J., Hunter, S.T., Bedell-Avers, K.E., Eubanks, D.L., & Connelly, S. (2007). The sources of leader violence: A comparison of ideological and nonideological leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 217-235
  • Mumford, M. D., Marks, M.A., Connelly, M.S., Zaccaro, S.J, Reiter-Palmon, R. (2000). Development of leadership skills: experience and timing, Leadership Quarterly, 11, 87−114.
  • Mumford, M. D., ve Strange, J. M. (2002). Vision and mental models: The case of charismatic and ideological leadership. In B. J. Avolio & F.J. Yammarino (Eds.), Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: The Road Ahead, 109−142. Oxford England: Elsevier.
  • Mumford, M. D., Van Doorn, J. R. (2001). The leadership in pragmatism: Reconsidering franklin ın the age of charisma, Leadership Quarterly, 12, 279−309.
  • Qin, Y., Simon, H. A. (1990). Laboratory replication of scientific discovery processes. Cognitive Science, 14, 281−312.
  • Reynolds N., Diamantopoulos A., Schlegelmilch B. B. (1993). Pretesting in questionnaire design: A review of the literature and suggestions for further research. Journal of the Market Research Society 35,171–182
  • Sezgin, O.B. (2020). İç girişimci davranışı: Ölçek geliştirme, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması, Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 26, 249-268
  • Strange, J. M., ve Mumford, M. D. (2002). The origins of vision: Charismatic versus ideological leadership, The Leadership Quarterly 13, 343–377
  • Strange, J. M., ve Mumford, M. D. (2005). The origins of vision: Effects of ref lection, models, and analysis, The Leadership Quarterly 16, 121–148
  • Tosi, R.J., Misangyi V.F., Fanell A., Waldman, D.A., Yammarino, F.J., (2004). Ceo charisma, compensation, and firm performance, Leadership Ouarterly, 15, 405-420.
  • Uyguç, N., Duygulu, E. Ve Çıraklar, N. (2000). Dönüşümcü liderlik, etkileşimci liderlik ve performans, Erciyes Üniversitesi 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı, 587-596.
  • Yılmaz, Y, Ünal, C, Dursun, A. (2019). Otel yöneticilerinin 2016 Türkiye turizm krizine ilişkin öngörüleri ve kriz yönetim uygulamaları, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 14 (56), 468-488

A STUDY OF DEVELOPING A SCALE ON EXTRAORDINARY LEADERSHIP STYLES

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1106 - 1122, 27.07.2021

Yunus Yılan , Belkıs Özkara

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910068

Öz

Extraordinary leaders, who emerged as a result of chaos, uncertainty and confusion, are influential people who play an important role in the failure or success of large organizations. However, there is no comprehensive scale that can help classify the extraordinary leaders who have a significant impact in the large social system and world we live in and that can be used to determine their leadership levels. Based on this gap in the literature, the aim of the study is; is to develop a scale that considers extraordinary leadership styles in terms of charismatic, ideological and pragmatic leadership. In this direction, an expression pool was created based on the scenarios that Bedell-Avers, Hunter and Mumford (2008) created as a result of examining the biographies of 120 leaders. An extraordinary leadership scale consisting of 24 items was developed as a result of the analyzes made on a sample covering the employees of hotel businesses, which is the most intense area of the tourism sector in terms of workload.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Extraordinary Leadership Charismatic Leadership Ideological Leadership Pragmatic Leadership Scale Development

Proje Numarası

18.SOS.BİL.12

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, N., Aslan, S. (2016). Örtük program ölçeği: Ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Elektranik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(56), 169-176
  • Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma, yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler, (3. Baskı) Ankara: Pegem Yayınevi.
  • Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  • Bedell, K. E., Hunter, S. T., ve Mumford, M. D. (2008). Conditions of problem solving and the performance of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders: A comparative experimental study. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 89–106.
  • Beyer, J. M. (1999). Taming and promoting charisma to change organizations. Leadership Quarterly (Charismatic Leadership: Part I), 10(2), 307–330.
  • Bilić, I., Pivčević, S., Čevra, A., (2017). Crisis management in hotel business–insights from Croatia, Communication Management Review, 2 (2), 100-118.
  • Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Meindl, J. R. (2004). Charisma under crisis: presidential leadership, rhetoric, and media responses before and after the september 11th terrorist attacks. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 211−239.
  • Burns, J. M. G., 1978, Leadership, Harper and Row, Publishers, New York.
  • Byrne, B. M., ve Campbell, T. L. (1999). Cross-cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 555-574.
  • Connelly, M.S., Gilbert, J.A., Zaccaro, S.J., Threlfall, K.V., Marks, M.A., Mumford, M.D. (2000). Exploring the relationship of leadership skills and knowledge to leader performance, Leadership Quarterly, 11, 65-86.
  • Conger J.A. (1990). The Dark Side of Leadership, Organizational Dynamics, 19(2), 44–55.
  • Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N. (1988). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy Of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647
  • Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: getting the most from a panel of experts. Applies Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197.
  • Erdoğan, İ., (2012), Pozitivist metodoloji ve ötesi: Araştırma tasarımları, niteliksel ve istatistiksel yöntemler, Geliştirilmiş 3. Baskı. Ankara: Erk Yayınları
  • Hall, M.C., (2010). Crisis events in tourism: subjects of crisis in tourism, Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401-417.
  • Halverson, S. E., Holladay, C. C., Kazma, S. M., & Quionnes, M. A. (2004). Self-sacrificial behavior in crisis situations: The competing roles of behavioral and situational factors. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 211−240.
  • Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A belief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 104-121.
  • Hu,L.T., Bentler,P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Hunt, J.G., Boal, K.B., Dodge, G.E. (1999). The effects of visionary and crisis responsive charisma on followers: An experimental examination of two kinds of charismatic leadership, The Leadership Quarterly 10, 423–448
  • Jöreskog, K. G., Sörbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language. scientific software international. Chicago, IL, 1993.
  • Ligon, G.S., Hunter, S.T., Mumford, M.D. (2008). Development of outstanding leadership: A life narrative approach, The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 312-334.
  • Karakaş, Y.E. (2018). Kriz Dönemlerinde Turizm İşletmelerinde İnovasyonun Önemi: 5 Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma, İnonü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Malatya.
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler ve teknikler, Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief selfreport measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Crosscultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal Of Testing, 6(4), 311-360.
  • Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). Psychological processes and ‘the staircase to terrorism’. American Psychologist, 60, 1039−1041
  • Mumford, M.D. (2006). Pathways to outstanding leadership: a comparative analysis of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership, Mahwah, Nj: Erlbaum Press
  • Mumford, M. D., Bedell, K. E., Hunter, S. T., Espejo, J., Eubanks, D., Connelly,M. S. (2008). Violence in ideological and non-ideological groups: A quantitative analysis of qualitative data. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 1521-1561.
  • Mumford, M.D., Espejo, J., Hunter, S.T., Bedell-Avers, K.E., Eubanks, D.L., & Connelly, S. (2007). The sources of leader violence: A comparison of ideological and nonideological leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 217-235
  • Mumford, M. D., Marks, M.A., Connelly, M.S., Zaccaro, S.J, Reiter-Palmon, R. (2000). Development of leadership skills: experience and timing, Leadership Quarterly, 11, 87−114.
  • Mumford, M. D., ve Strange, J. M. (2002). Vision and mental models: The case of charismatic and ideological leadership. In B. J. Avolio & F.J. Yammarino (Eds.), Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: The Road Ahead, 109−142. Oxford England: Elsevier.
  • Mumford, M. D., Van Doorn, J. R. (2001). The leadership in pragmatism: Reconsidering franklin ın the age of charisma, Leadership Quarterly, 12, 279−309.
  • Qin, Y., Simon, H. A. (1990). Laboratory replication of scientific discovery processes. Cognitive Science, 14, 281−312.
  • Reynolds N., Diamantopoulos A., Schlegelmilch B. B. (1993). Pretesting in questionnaire design: A review of the literature and suggestions for further research. Journal of the Market Research Society 35,171–182
  • Sezgin, O.B. (2020). İç girişimci davranışı: Ölçek geliştirme, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması, Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 26, 249-268
  • Strange, J. M., ve Mumford, M. D. (2002). The origins of vision: Charismatic versus ideological leadership, The Leadership Quarterly 13, 343–377
  • Strange, J. M., ve Mumford, M. D. (2005). The origins of vision: Effects of ref lection, models, and analysis, The Leadership Quarterly 16, 121–148
  • Tosi, R.J., Misangyi V.F., Fanell A., Waldman, D.A., Yammarino, F.J., (2004). Ceo charisma, compensation, and firm performance, Leadership Ouarterly, 15, 405-420.
  • Uyguç, N., Duygulu, E. Ve Çıraklar, N. (2000). Dönüşümcü liderlik, etkileşimci liderlik ve performans, Erciyes Üniversitesi 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı, 587-596.
  • Yılmaz, Y, Ünal, C, Dursun, A. (2019). Otel yöneticilerinin 2016 Türkiye turizm krizine ilişkin öngörüleri ve kriz yönetim uygulamaları, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 14 (56), 468-488
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yunus Yılan 0000-0001-5467-8675

Belkıs Özkara 0000-0002-2120-0373

Proje Numarası 18.SOS.BİL.12
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılan, Y., & Özkara, B. (2021). SIRA DIŞI LİDERLİK TARZLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 8(2), 1106-1122. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910068
 Kapak Resmi İndir
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