RUHSAL ENGELİ OLAN BİREYLERİN EVSİZLİK SORUNUNA İNSANİ BİR BAKIŞ VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİSİ: "ÖNCE KONUT YAKLAŞIMI"

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 2006 - 2026, 29.11.2022

Mehmet Öçal , Özge Kutlu , Adem Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097609

Öz

Barınma, doğuştan gelen ve bireylerin sahip olduğu en temel ekonomik ve sosyal insan haklarından birisidir. Bireyin iyilik hali ve refahı düzeyinin temel belirteçlerinden biri olan barınma koşulları bu nedenle sosyal devlet tarafından sosyal politikalar aracılığıyla korunarak geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır.Özellikle fiziksel veya zihinsel engel sebebiyle gelir ve refah hizmetlerinden yeterince faydalanamayan fertlerin temel bir insan hakkı olan barınmaya ulaşabilmeleri sosyal devletlerinin temel gayelerinden bir tanesini oluşturmaktadır.Çalışma kapsamında ruh sağlığı sorunları olan bireylere barınma imkânı sunmayı amaçlayan “Önce Konut” politikası incelenerek Türkiye için hak temelli politika önerileri kurgulanmıştır.Bu kapsamda literatür taraması yapılmış olup TÜİK Gelir Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması 2019 yılı verileri kapsamında Türkiye’de ruhsal veya fiziksel hastalıklardan muzdarip olan bireylerin barınma koşulları incelenmiştir.Gerçekleştirilen analizler ile anılan grubun sağlıklı kişilerden daha yoksul olduğu, daha düşük gelir gruplarında yer aldıkları, barınma koşullarının sağlıklı bireylere göre daha kötü olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Kendisini bir “sosyal devlet” olarak tanımlayan Türkiye'de dezavantajlı grupların barınma hakkının insani bir karşılıkla gerçekleştirilmesi için yeni politika/uygulamalara ihtiyaç duydulduğu aksi halde bu gruplarda yoksulluğa bağlı sosyal dışlanmanın toplumsal refahı tehdit eder düzeye ulaşabileceği intibasına ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evsizlik, Sosyal Politika, Önce Konut, Toplumsal Refah, Sosyal Dışlanma

A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE TO THE PROBLEM OF HOMELESSNESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL DISABILITY AND SOLUTION PROPOSAL: "HOUSING FIRST APPROACH"

Öz

Housing is one of the most fundamental economic and social human rights that are innate and individuals have.Housing conditions, which are one of the main indicators of the wellbeing and welfare level of an individual, are therefore tried to be developed by the social state by protecting them through social policies.One of the main goals of social states is to enable individuals who cannot benefit from income and welfare services adequately due to physical or mental disability to access housing, which is a basic human right. In the study, the "Housing First" policy, which aims to provide shelter to individuals with mental health problems, has been examined and rights-based policy recommendations for Turkey have been constructed.In this context, a literature review has beben made and the housing conditions of individuals suffering from mental or physical illnesses in Turkey have been examined within the scope of Income Living Conditions Survey by Turkish Statistical Institute 2019 data.With the analyzes carried out, it has been concluded that this group is poorer than healthy people, they are in lower income groups, and their housing conditions are worse than healthy individuals.It has been concluded that in Turkey, which defines itself as a "social state", new policies/applications are needed to realize the right to housing of disadvantaged groups with a humanitarian response, otherwise, social exclusion due to poverty in these groups may threaten social welfare.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Homelessness, Social Policy, Housing First, Social Welfare, Social Exclusion

Kaynakça

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