DOĞRULANMIŞ BRÜT KÜTLE UYGULAMASININ LİMANLAR VE İHRACATÇILAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ VE POLİTİKA ÖNERİSİNE İLİŞKİN BİR ANALİZ: “DEMOKRATİK TARTI”

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 606 - 638, 29.03.2023

Hüseyin Topuz , Hüseyin Ali Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1219496

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, konteyner taşımacılığında doğrulanmış brüt kütlenin tespiti için yapılan uygulamanın eksikliklerini tespit etmek, bu eksiklikler üzerine anket yapmak ve anket sonuçları üzerinden çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Bu çalışmada Doğrulanmış Brüt Ağırlık Uygulamasının faydalı olduğu, liman operasyonlarını olumsuz etkilemediği, tartım ücretine tavan ücret getirilmesinin faydalı olduğu, ihracatçıya ekstra maliyet ve iş yükü getirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca anket sonuçları literatüre yeni sunulan demokratik ağırlıklandırma ile desteklenmiştir. Demokratik Kantar, malların fiyatına, miktarına, üreticilerin ürettiği ürünlerin ağırlığına ve limanlardan en çok yüklenen ürünün cinsine göre tartım ücretinin belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu sayede hem küçük ölçekli hem de değer üreten firmalar desteklenecek, büyüme patikası için daha rekabetçi bir yapı sağlanacak ve demokratik tartımla adil bir ticaret ortamı sağlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konteyner, Liman, Doğrulanmış Brüt Ağırlık, Demokratik Ağırlık.

AN ANALYSIS FOR THE IMPACT OF VERIFIED GROSS MASS IMPLEMENTATION ON PORTS AND EXPORTERS AND A POLICY PROPOSAL: “DEMOCRATIC WEIGHING”

Öz

This study aims to determine the deficiencies of the application for the determination of the verified gross mass in container transport, to conduct a survey on these shortcomings and to propose solutions through survey results. In this study, it has been found out that Verified Gross Mass Implementation is useful, it does not affect port operations adversely, it is beneficial to bring a ceiling fee to the weighing fee, and it brings extra costs and workload to the exporter. In addition, the survey results were supported with the democratic weighting that has been newly presented to the literature. Democratic Weighing is defined as determining a weighing fee according to the goods’ price, quantity, weight of the products that producers produce, and the type of the product which is most loaded from the ports. In this way, both small-scale and value-producing firms will be supported, and a more competitive structure will be provided for growth path and a fair-trade environment will be provided through democratic weighing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konteyner, Liman, Doğrulanmış Brüt Ağırlık, Demokratik Ağırlık.

Kaynakça

• ACMA. (2016). Solas Container Weight Verification, American Club Member Association. USA.
• Ağır, H. B., Kaynakçı, C. & Akbay, C. (2016). Evaluation of Fair Trade in Agricultural Marketing. XII. National Agricultural Economics Congress, 1893-1902.
• Alexander, J. (1997). The International Conventıon for Safe Containers. International Safety Panel Briefing Pamphlet No. 11, 26.
• Ayan, M. & Baykal, T. (2010). International Maritime Organization and Environment: Turkey's status in the organization. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 7(13), 275-297.
• Balık, İ. (2014). Ports and Selection of Port Location. Urban Academy, 7(18), 37-48.
• Bölükbaşı, Z. N. (2009). The Role of Line Transport in Sea Trade in Turkey’s exports and İzmir Port Example. Unpublished Master Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Social Sciences, İzmir.
• CSC. (1972). Interpretations and Guıideleines. The International Convention for Safe Containers, London.
• CSL Container Stuffers LLC, History, 27 Ocak 2017 tarihinde http://www.containerstuffers.com/history.html
• Cudahy, B.J. (2006). "The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean's 1956 Innovation Goes Global" Washington, D.C. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. 246(5–9):2.
• Erol, F. (2017). Fair Trade as an Ethical Consumption Tool. Journal of AKU Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(2), 143-154.
• IGMD. (2016). Implementation Guide on Determination of Gross Weight of Full Containers to be transported by Sea. İzmir Customs Consultants Association, İzmir.
• IMEAK. (2014). Ship Agency Training. Imeak Chamber of Shipping and the Association of Ship Owners and Agents, İskenderun.
• IMO. (2005). Guidance on Serious Structural Deficiencies in Containers as AmendedCirc. 134. International Maritime Organization, London.
• IMO. (2013). Revised Recommendations on Harmonized Interpretation and Implementation of the International Conventıon for Safe Contaıners, 1972, As Amended. International Maritime Organization. London.
• Interview 1. Ersoy, H.A. (01 January 2018). Interview with Asst. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Topuz on democratic weighting in Akdeniz Universtiy Campus, Antalya.
• Interview 2. Ersoy, H.A. (21 January 2018). Interview with Yiğit İçelli on export products in Mersin, Mersin Arkas Logistics Inc. building, Mersin.
• Interview 3. Ersoy, H.A. (01 February 2018). Interview with Cem Sertaç Polat on export products in İskenderun Port, Arkas Logistics Inc. İskenderun office, İskenderun.
• Interview 4. Ersoy, H.A. (05 February 2018). Interview with Mehmet Geyik on export products in Antalya port, Arkas Shipping and Transport Inc. Antlya office, Antalya.
• Interview 5. Ersoy, H.A. (07 February 2018). Interview with Görkem Güngör on export products in ports in Istanbul, Arkas Logistics Inc. İstanbul Orhanlı building, İstanbul.
• Interview 6. Ersoy, H.A. (01 March 2018). Interview with Eyüp Yılmaz on export products in Samsun Port, Arkas Logistics Inc. Samsun office, Samsun.
• Interview 7. Ersoy, H.A. (30 March 2018). Interview with Şükrü Işık Camkıran on export products of İzmir port, Izfaş Marble Fair A Hall stand 303, İzmir.
• Interview 8. Ersoy, H.A. (31 March 2018). Interview with Zuhal Mansfield on democratic weighing, Izfaş Marble Fair A Hall TMG Doğaltaş Industry and Trade Limited Company stand, İzmir.
• ISO. (1995). Freight containers- Coding, identification and marking. International Standart Organization Third Edition. London.
• Özyılmaz, M. (2007). Container Information Note. Imeak Chamber of Shipping, İzmir.
• Raynolds, L. T., Murray, D. & Wilkinson, J. (2007). Fair Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization. Routledge.
• Saban, M. & Gülerçin, G. (2009). Factors Affecting Costs in Maritime Transport Businesses and Travel Costs. Dokuz Eylül University Maritime Faculty Journal, 1(1), 1-17.
• Süygün, M. S. (2015). An Ethical Approach in Global Business: Fair Trade. Cag University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2), 48-63.
• WSC. (2014). History of the IMO Effort to Improve Container Safety, World Shipping Council, Belgium.