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GENEL ÖZ YETERLİLİK DÜZEYİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE RİSK ALMANIN RÖLÜ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 971 - 994, 02.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097669

Abstract

Yapılan bu çalışmanın temel amacı, genel öz yeterlilik düzeyleri ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkide risk alma davranışlarının aracılık rolünün olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak genel öz yeterlilik, girişimcilik eğilimi ve risk alma davranışı teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda genel öz yeterliliğin girişimcilik davranışa etkisinde risk alma davranışının aracılık rolünün olup olmadığını tespit etmek için bir model önerilmiştir. Önerilen bu model yol analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Iğdır üniversitesi öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak dört bölümden oluşan online anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programında frekans, doğrulayıcı faktör, güvenilirlik, geçerlilik, yol analizi ve aracılık analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan yol analizi ve aracılık analizi neticesinde; risk alma davranışının, genel öz yeterlilik ile girişimcilik davranışı arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolü olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca genel öz yeterlilik ile risk alma davranışı, risk alma davranışı ile girişimcilik ve genel öz yeterlilik ile girişimcilik arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu sonuçlarınada ulaşılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir kurumdan destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Ahn, Taehyun, (2010). “Attitudes toward risk and self-employment of young workers”, Labour Economics, 17, issue 2, p. 434-442.
  • Ajibola ve diğ.( 2007). Self-efficacy, risk-taking behavior and mental health as predictors of personal growth initiative among university undergraduates. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, no: 12. Vol. 5(2), ISSN: 1696-2095. pp: 349-362.
  • Ale, B. J.M. (2009) Risk: An Introduction. The Concepts of Risk, Danger and Chance, Abington, Routledge. Oxon.
  • Aypay, A.,2010. Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği’nin (GÖYÖ) Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), s.113-131.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2006). Girişimcilik: Sosyo-Kültürel Bir Perspektif, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı:15 s.139-160.
  • Balaban, Ö. ve Özdemir Y. (2012), “Girişimcilik Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sakarya Üniversitesi İİBF Örneği”, http://girisim.comu. edu.tr/dergiall/eskisyilr/3in2/o.balaban, y.o..pdf, (20.04.2012).
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review. 84, 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1983). Self-Efficacy Determinants of Anticipated Fears and Calamities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 464-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.464
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman. New York.
  • Bird, B. l988. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13:442–453.
  • Boyd, N.G. and Vozıkıs, G.S. (1994), “The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Summer 1994: 63-77.
  • Bridge, S. vd. (l998). Understanding Enterprise, Entrepreneurship And Small Business, Macmillan Business, London.
  • Brown, Sarah, et al.(2006). "Risk preference and employment contract type." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 169.4: 849-863.
  • Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., & Gatewood, E. J. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 13-39
  • Clifford, M. M. (1991). Risk-taking: Theoretical, empirical, and educational considerations. Educational Psychologist, 26, 263-297.
  • Corben, M. (2001). Risk taking in adolescence risk seminars: RRISK online forum. Retired in 15th june 2003, of http://www2b.abc.net.au/northcoast/ risk.
  • Çakır. S. (2013). Girişimcilerin Yeni Bir Girişim Yapma Niyetlerinin Risk Alma Eğilimi İle İlişkisi, Yüksek lisans tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi. Erzurum.
  • Davis, F. W., & Yates, B. T. (1982). Self-Efficacy Expectancies versus Outcome Expectancies as Determinants of Performance Deficits and Depressive Affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 23-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01185724
  • Densberger, K. (2014). The Self-Efficacy and Risk-Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 22(4), 437-462. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495814500186
  • Dohmen, T., A. Falk, D. Huffman, U. Sunde, J. Schupp, and G. G. Wagner. (2011). “Individual Risk Attitudes: Measurement, Determinants, and Behavioral Consequences.” Journal of the European Economic Association, 9 (3): 522–550. doi:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01015.x.
  • Douglas, Evan J., and Dean A. Shepherd.(2002). "Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization." Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26.3): 81-90.
  • Evers, W. J. G., Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2002). Burnout and Self-Efficacy: A Study on Teachers’ Beliefs when Implementing an Innovative Educational System in the Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 227-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709902158865
  • Garcia, M. E., Schmitz, J. M., & Doerfler, L. A. (1990). A Fine-Grained Analysis of the Role of Self-Efficacy in Self-Initiated Attempts to Quit Smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 317-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.3.317
  • Greene, K., Krcmar, M., Walters, L.H., Rubin, D.L., Hale, J. and Hale, L. (2000), Targeting adolescent risk taking behaviors: The contributions of egocentrism and sensation seeking, Journal of Adolescence, 23, 439-461.
  • Hendry L. Kooep M. (2002), Life span development; resources, challenges and risks. London England, Thomson and Learning Press.
  • Henson, R. K. (2001). The Effects of Participation in Teacher Research on Teacher Efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 819-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00033-6
  • Hisrich, R. D. Peters, M. (2001). Entrepreneurship, McGraw-Hill Higher, 5th Ed.,.
  • Holland, Phil (2010). My Own Business, Los Angeles, CA, USA: My Own Business, Inc.
  • https://www.surveysystem.com, “Sample Size Calculator”, https://www.surveysystem.com /sscalc.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2022.
  • Karabulut, A.T. (2009). Girişimcilik ve Sürdürülebilirliği, Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim,İstanbul.
  • Katz, J., and Gartner, W. 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review,13:429–441.
  • Khalild et all., (2014). Effects of Self Efficacy and Risk Taking Behavior on Personal Growth Initiative of University Students. J. Glob. & Sci. Issues, Vol 2, Issue 3, ISSN 2307-6275, pp.8.
  • Kihlstrom, Richard E., and Jean-Jacques Laffont.(1979). "A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion." Journal of political economy, 87.4: 719-748.
  • Krueger Jr., N.F., and Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Spring: 91–104.
  • Linan, F., & Chen, Y.W.(2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), s.593-617.
  • Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The general self-efficacy scale: Multicultural validation studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139 (5), 439-457.
  • Luszczynska. A., Gibbons. F. X., Piko, B., & Tckozel. M. (2004). Self-regulatory cognitions, social comparison, perceived peers behaviors as predictors of nutrition and physical activity: A comparison among adolescents in Hungary. Poland, Turkey, and USA. Psychology and Health. 19. 577-593.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, T., 2009. Entrepreneurship and risk taking. Applied Psychology an International Review, 58, 469–487.
  • Mill, J.S., 1984. Principles of Political Economy with Some Applications to Social Philosophy. John W. Parker, London
  • Niehaus, K., Rudasill, K. M., & Adelson, J. L. (2012). Self-Efficacy, Intrinsic Motivation,and Academic Outcomes among Latino Middle School Students Participating in an After-School Program. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 34(1), 118–136.
  • Özden, K., Temurlenk, M. S. ve Başar, S. (2012). “Girişimcilik Eğilimi: Kırgızistan- Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Üniversitesi Öğrencileri üzerine bir Araştırma” http://fbe.emu.edu.tr/journal/doc/11-12/03.pdf (03.04.12).
  • Pajares, F. (1997). Current Directions in Self-Efficacy Research. In M. Maehr, & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement (Vol. 10, pp. 1-49). JAI Press.Greenwich, CT.
  • Patıra, S. ve Karahan M. (2010). Girişimcilik Eğitimi ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik, Profillerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması, Business and Economics Research Journal, Volume 1. Number 2. 2010, pp. 27-44, ISSN: 1309-2448.
  • Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, V. (1990). Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of Classroom Academic Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33.
  • Rani, R., & Sharma, H. L. (2013). Relationship of Personal Growth Initiative with Self-Efficacy among University Postgraduate Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(16), 125-135.
  • Schunk, D. (1985). Self-Efficacy and School Learning. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 208-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<208::AID-PITS2310220215>3.0.CO;2-7.
  • Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In Weinman, J, S Wright, and M Johnson (Ed.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio, Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor England: NFER-NELSON.
  • Schwarzer, R. (1994). Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview. Psychology and Health: An International Journal, 9, 161-180.
  • Shane, S., & Eckhardt, J. (2003). The individual-opportunity nexus. In Handbook of 58 entrepreneurship research, (pp. 161-191). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217–226
  • Singh, G., and A. F. De Noble (2003). “Views on Self-Employment and Personality: An Exploratory Study,” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 8(3), 265–281.
  • Sitkin, S. B., & Weingart, L. R. (1995). Determinants of risky decisionmaking behavior: A test of the mediating role of risk perceptions and risk propensity. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1573–1592.
  • Strum, I. S. (1971). The relationship of creativity and academic risk-taking among fifth graders. Retrieved from ERIC database (ED046212).
  • Tanrıdağ, O. (Ed.). (2015). Davranış nörolojisi: Beyin-davranış ilişkilerinin organizasyon prensipleri, sendromları ve hastalıkları. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapları
  • Trimpop, R.M. (1994) The Psychology ofRisk Taking Behavior. In G.E. Stelmach and P.A. Vroom (Eds.), Advances in Psychology, 107. North Holland: Elsivier Science B.V.
  • Ünal, A. (2009), Girişimcilik ve KOBİ’ler İçin Kümelenmenin Önemi, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Derneği Müsiad Çerçeve Dergisi, ss.51.
  • Van Popta, G. (2002). Entrepreneurial learning. EIM Business & Policy Research, Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs-paper, N, 200216.
  • Vaughan, E.J. (1997) Risk management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA
  • Wood, R., and Bandura, A. 1989. Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review ,14:361–384.
  • Yates, F.J. (Ed.). (1992) Risk Taking Behavior. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester
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THE ROLE OF RISK-TAKING IN THE EFFECT OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICIENCY LEVEL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP TENDENCIES. A RESEARCH ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS.

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 971 - 994, 02.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097669

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether risk-taking behaviors have a mediating role in the relationship between general self-efficacy levels and entrepreneurial tendencies. In the study, primarily general self-efficacy, entrepreneurial tendency and risk-taking behavior were examined theoretically. In line with the purpose of the study, a model has been proposed to determine whether risk-taking behavior has a mediating role in the effect of general self-efficacy on entrepreneurial behavior. This proposed model has been tested by path analysis. The universe of the research consists of the students of Iğdır University. The online survey method consisting of four parts was used as the data collection method. The obtained data were analyzed using frequency, confirmatory factor, reliability, validity, path analysis and mediation analysis in SPSS and AMOS program. As a result of the path analysis and intermediation analysis; It has been determined that risk taking behavior has a mediating role in the relationship between general self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior. In the study, it was also concluded that there are significant relationships between general self-efficacy and risk-taking behavior, risk-taking behavior and entrepreneurship, and general self-efficacy and entrepreneurship.

References

  • Ahn, Taehyun, (2010). “Attitudes toward risk and self-employment of young workers”, Labour Economics, 17, issue 2, p. 434-442.
  • Ajibola ve diğ.( 2007). Self-efficacy, risk-taking behavior and mental health as predictors of personal growth initiative among university undergraduates. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, no: 12. Vol. 5(2), ISSN: 1696-2095. pp: 349-362.
  • Ale, B. J.M. (2009) Risk: An Introduction. The Concepts of Risk, Danger and Chance, Abington, Routledge. Oxon.
  • Aypay, A.,2010. Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği’nin (GÖYÖ) Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), s.113-131.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2006). Girişimcilik: Sosyo-Kültürel Bir Perspektif, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı:15 s.139-160.
  • Balaban, Ö. ve Özdemir Y. (2012), “Girişimcilik Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sakarya Üniversitesi İİBF Örneği”, http://girisim.comu. edu.tr/dergiall/eskisyilr/3in2/o.balaban, y.o..pdf, (20.04.2012).
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review. 84, 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1983). Self-Efficacy Determinants of Anticipated Fears and Calamities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 464-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.464
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman. New York.
  • Bird, B. l988. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13:442–453.
  • Boyd, N.G. and Vozıkıs, G.S. (1994), “The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Summer 1994: 63-77.
  • Bridge, S. vd. (l998). Understanding Enterprise, Entrepreneurship And Small Business, Macmillan Business, London.
  • Brown, Sarah, et al.(2006). "Risk preference and employment contract type." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 169.4: 849-863.
  • Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., & Gatewood, E. J. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 13-39
  • Clifford, M. M. (1991). Risk-taking: Theoretical, empirical, and educational considerations. Educational Psychologist, 26, 263-297.
  • Corben, M. (2001). Risk taking in adolescence risk seminars: RRISK online forum. Retired in 15th june 2003, of http://www2b.abc.net.au/northcoast/ risk.
  • Çakır. S. (2013). Girişimcilerin Yeni Bir Girişim Yapma Niyetlerinin Risk Alma Eğilimi İle İlişkisi, Yüksek lisans tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi. Erzurum.
  • Davis, F. W., & Yates, B. T. (1982). Self-Efficacy Expectancies versus Outcome Expectancies as Determinants of Performance Deficits and Depressive Affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 23-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01185724
  • Densberger, K. (2014). The Self-Efficacy and Risk-Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 22(4), 437-462. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495814500186
  • Dohmen, T., A. Falk, D. Huffman, U. Sunde, J. Schupp, and G. G. Wagner. (2011). “Individual Risk Attitudes: Measurement, Determinants, and Behavioral Consequences.” Journal of the European Economic Association, 9 (3): 522–550. doi:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01015.x.
  • Douglas, Evan J., and Dean A. Shepherd.(2002). "Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization." Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26.3): 81-90.
  • Evers, W. J. G., Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2002). Burnout and Self-Efficacy: A Study on Teachers’ Beliefs when Implementing an Innovative Educational System in the Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 227-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709902158865
  • Garcia, M. E., Schmitz, J. M., & Doerfler, L. A. (1990). A Fine-Grained Analysis of the Role of Self-Efficacy in Self-Initiated Attempts to Quit Smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 317-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.3.317
  • Greene, K., Krcmar, M., Walters, L.H., Rubin, D.L., Hale, J. and Hale, L. (2000), Targeting adolescent risk taking behaviors: The contributions of egocentrism and sensation seeking, Journal of Adolescence, 23, 439-461.
  • Hendry L. Kooep M. (2002), Life span development; resources, challenges and risks. London England, Thomson and Learning Press.
  • Henson, R. K. (2001). The Effects of Participation in Teacher Research on Teacher Efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 819-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00033-6
  • Hisrich, R. D. Peters, M. (2001). Entrepreneurship, McGraw-Hill Higher, 5th Ed.,.
  • Holland, Phil (2010). My Own Business, Los Angeles, CA, USA: My Own Business, Inc.
  • https://www.surveysystem.com, “Sample Size Calculator”, https://www.surveysystem.com /sscalc.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2022.
  • Karabulut, A.T. (2009). Girişimcilik ve Sürdürülebilirliği, Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim,İstanbul.
  • Katz, J., and Gartner, W. 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review,13:429–441.
  • Khalild et all., (2014). Effects of Self Efficacy and Risk Taking Behavior on Personal Growth Initiative of University Students. J. Glob. & Sci. Issues, Vol 2, Issue 3, ISSN 2307-6275, pp.8.
  • Kihlstrom, Richard E., and Jean-Jacques Laffont.(1979). "A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion." Journal of political economy, 87.4: 719-748.
  • Krueger Jr., N.F., and Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Spring: 91–104.
  • Linan, F., & Chen, Y.W.(2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), s.593-617.
  • Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The general self-efficacy scale: Multicultural validation studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139 (5), 439-457.
  • Luszczynska. A., Gibbons. F. X., Piko, B., & Tckozel. M. (2004). Self-regulatory cognitions, social comparison, perceived peers behaviors as predictors of nutrition and physical activity: A comparison among adolescents in Hungary. Poland, Turkey, and USA. Psychology and Health. 19. 577-593.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, T., 2009. Entrepreneurship and risk taking. Applied Psychology an International Review, 58, 469–487.
  • Mill, J.S., 1984. Principles of Political Economy with Some Applications to Social Philosophy. John W. Parker, London
  • Niehaus, K., Rudasill, K. M., & Adelson, J. L. (2012). Self-Efficacy, Intrinsic Motivation,and Academic Outcomes among Latino Middle School Students Participating in an After-School Program. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 34(1), 118–136.
  • Özden, K., Temurlenk, M. S. ve Başar, S. (2012). “Girişimcilik Eğilimi: Kırgızistan- Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Üniversitesi Öğrencileri üzerine bir Araştırma” http://fbe.emu.edu.tr/journal/doc/11-12/03.pdf (03.04.12).
  • Pajares, F. (1997). Current Directions in Self-Efficacy Research. In M. Maehr, & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement (Vol. 10, pp. 1-49). JAI Press.Greenwich, CT.
  • Patıra, S. ve Karahan M. (2010). Girişimcilik Eğitimi ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik, Profillerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması, Business and Economics Research Journal, Volume 1. Number 2. 2010, pp. 27-44, ISSN: 1309-2448.
  • Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, V. (1990). Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of Classroom Academic Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33.
  • Rani, R., & Sharma, H. L. (2013). Relationship of Personal Growth Initiative with Self-Efficacy among University Postgraduate Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(16), 125-135.
  • Schunk, D. (1985). Self-Efficacy and School Learning. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 208-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<208::AID-PITS2310220215>3.0.CO;2-7.
  • Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In Weinman, J, S Wright, and M Johnson (Ed.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio, Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor England: NFER-NELSON.
  • Schwarzer, R. (1994). Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview. Psychology and Health: An International Journal, 9, 161-180.
  • Shane, S., & Eckhardt, J. (2003). The individual-opportunity nexus. In Handbook of 58 entrepreneurship research, (pp. 161-191). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217–226
  • Singh, G., and A. F. De Noble (2003). “Views on Self-Employment and Personality: An Exploratory Study,” Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 8(3), 265–281.
  • Sitkin, S. B., & Weingart, L. R. (1995). Determinants of risky decisionmaking behavior: A test of the mediating role of risk perceptions and risk propensity. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1573–1592.
  • Strum, I. S. (1971). The relationship of creativity and academic risk-taking among fifth graders. Retrieved from ERIC database (ED046212).
  • Tanrıdağ, O. (Ed.). (2015). Davranış nörolojisi: Beyin-davranış ilişkilerinin organizasyon prensipleri, sendromları ve hastalıkları. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapları
  • Trimpop, R.M. (1994) The Psychology ofRisk Taking Behavior. In G.E. Stelmach and P.A. Vroom (Eds.), Advances in Psychology, 107. North Holland: Elsivier Science B.V.
  • Ünal, A. (2009), Girişimcilik ve KOBİ’ler İçin Kümelenmenin Önemi, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Derneği Müsiad Çerçeve Dergisi, ss.51.
  • Van Popta, G. (2002). Entrepreneurial learning. EIM Business & Policy Research, Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs-paper, N, 200216.
  • Vaughan, E.J. (1997) Risk management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA
  • Wood, R., and Bandura, A. 1989. Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review ,14:361–384.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Turhan Moç 0000-0001-9639-2974

Publication Date August 2, 2023
Submission Date April 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Moç, T. (2023). GENEL ÖZ YETERLİLİK DÜZEYİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE RİSK ALMANIN RÖLÜ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(2), 971-994. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097669

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