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COMPARISON OF OECD COUNTRIES BY UNICEF CHILD WELFARE HEALTH INDICATORS

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 37, 64 - 74, 30.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1209799

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare OECD member countries according to UNICEF child welfare health indicators. 38 member countries were included in the study. Indicators in the UNICEF Child Welfare Document of the countries examined were used as comparison variables. The variables of the countries were analyzed with the MOORA-Ratio Method using the last year data available. Although it is accepted that all variables are important in child welfare, breastfeeding rates were effective in determining the ranking in this study. Czechia, Chile, Slovakia and Hungary are in the first place in terms of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months. Among these countries, the lowest rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months is 43.6%, while the rate of breastfeeding in the first six months of Lithuania is 39.8%. In this study, in which OECD countries were compared within the framework of UNICEF Child Welfare health indicators, a different ranking was obtained from the general health status surveys conducted on OECD countries, contrary to expectations. In the mentioned studies, while the countries with high-income rank in the first place, in this study, Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary took the first place.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022). Breastfeeding. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/breastfeeding/latest-release#data-download
  • Beşpınar, F.U. ve Aybars, A.İ. (2013). Erken yaşlarda çocuk refahı ve kadın istihdamı politika belgesi. https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/media/4381/file/Erken%20Ya%C5%9Flarda%20%C3%87ocuk%20Refah%C4%B1%20ve%20Kad%C4%B1n%20%C4%B0stihdam%C4%B1%20Politika%20Belgesi.pdf
  • Bosi, A.T.B., Eriksen, K.G., Sobko, T., Wijnhoven, T. M. ve Breda, J. (2016). Breastfeeding practices and policies in who european region member states. Public Health Nutrition, 19(4), 753-764.
  • Bradshaw, J., P. Hoelscher ve Richardson, D. (2007) Comparing child well-being in OECD countries: Concepts and methods, Innocenti Working Paper. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/464-comparing-child-well-being-in-oecd-countries-concepts-and-methods.html
  • Colen, C.G. ve Ramey, D.M. (2014). Is breast truly best? Estimating the effects of breastfeeding on long-term child health and wellbeing in the United States using sibling comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, (109), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.027
  • Çakmak, C. ve Konca, M. (2019). Seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinin ruh sağlığı hizmetleri performansının değerlendirilmesi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 51-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18506/anemon.426087
  • Çevik, S. (2013). Kamu sağlık harcamalarının sağlık sonuçları üzerindeki etkisi: Ülkelerin gelir seviyelerine göre bir karşılaştırma. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (48), 113-133.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), (2009). Scientific opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants. EFSA Journal, 7(12), 1423.
  • Filmer, D. ve Pritchett, L. (1997). Child mortality and public spending on health: How much does money matter, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1864
  • Fosu-Brefo, R. ve Arthur, E. (2015). Effect of timely initiation of breastfeeding on child health in Ghana. Health Economics Review. 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-015-0044-8
  • Goverment of Canada (2022). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Canada: Key statistics and graphics (2009-2010). https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-nutrition-surveillance/health-nutrition-surveys/canadian-community-health-survey-cchs/duration-exclusive-breastfeeding-canada-key-statistics-graphics-2009-2010.html
  • Haider, S.J., Jacknowitz, A. ve Schoeni, R.F. (2003). Welfare work requirements and child well-being: Evidence from the effects on breast-feeding. Demography. 40(3), 479-497.
  • Health Service Executive (2022). Breastfeeding in a Healthy Ireland Health Service Breastfeeding Action Plan 2016–2021. https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/healthwellbeing/healthy-ireland/publications/breastfeeding-in-a-healthy-ireland.pdf
  • Inano, H., Kameya, M., Sasano, K., Matsumura, K., Tsuchida, A., Hamazaki, K., ve Hasegawa, T. (2021). Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding rates until 6 months postpartum: The Japan environment and children’s study. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85900-4
  • Jakaitė, V., Peštenytė, A., Zakarevičienė, J., Sniečkuvienė, V., Žitkutė, V., Ramašauskaitė, D., ve Domža, G. (2021). Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months: Four consecutive surveys in a tertiary hospital in lithuania. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00364-6
  • Kohlhuber, M., Rebhan, B., Schwegler, U., Koletzko, B. ve Fromme, H. (2008). Breastfeeding rates and duration in Germany: A bavarian chort study. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(5), 1127-1132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508864835
  • Lauria, L., Spinelli, A. ve Grandolfo, M. (2016). Prevalence of breastfeeding in Italy: A population based follow-up study. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 52(3), 457-461. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_16_03_18
  • National Health Service (2022). Infant feeding survey - UK, 2010. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/infant-feeding-survey/infant-feeding-survey-uk-2010
  • OECD, (2009). Doing better for children, the way forward. Paris: OECD Publications. https://www.oecd.org/els/family/43570597.pdf
  • OECD, (2018). Mental health systems in OECD countries. Paris https://www.oecd.org/health/mental-health.htm
  • Önay, O. (2015). Moora. B. F. Yıldırım, E. Önder (Eds.) içinde, Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri (2. Baskı, ss. 245-257). Dora Yayınevi.
  • Republica Slovenija Ministrstvo Za Zdravje (2022). Prehranska prıporočıla za dojenčke. https://www.prehrana.si/moja-prehrana/dojencki
  • Roberts, T.J., Carnahan, E. ve Gakidou, E. (2013). Can breastfeeding promote child health equity? A comprehensive analysis of breastfeeding patterns across the developing world and what we can learn from them. BMC medicine, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-254
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2014). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Salanave, B., Castetbon, K., Boudet Berquıer, J. ve De Launay, C. (2014). Durée de l'allaitement maternel en France (Épifane 2012-2013). Bulletin Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire, (27), 450-457.
  • Sayılı, U., Sayman, Ö.A., Vehid, S., Köksal, S.S. ve Erginöz, E. (2017). Türkiye ve OECD ülkelerinin sağlık göstergeleri ve sağlık harcamalarının karşılaştırılması. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.321742
  • State of Israel Ministry of Israel (2022). The ministry of health is marking breastfeeding week for 2018. https://www.health.gov.il/English/News_and_Events/Spokespersons_Messages/Pages/29072018_1.aspx Taras, H. (2005). Physical activity and student performance at school. Journal of School Health, 75(6), 214- 218.
  • Tavoulari EF, Benetou V, Vlastarakos PV, Psaltopoulou T, Chrousos G ve Kreatsas G (2016). Factors affecting breastfeeding duration in Greece: What is important? World J Clin Pediatr, 5(3), 349-357. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i3.349. PMID: 27610353; PMCID: PMC4978630.
  • The World Bank (2022). Exclusive breastfeeding (% of children under 6 months). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.BFED.ZS?locations=BE%20(2015)
  • Unicef, (2013). Çocuk refahı belgesi. Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve UNICEF Türkiye Temsilciliği.
  • Vaz, J.S., Maia, M.F.S., Neves, P.A., Santos, T.M., Vidaletti, L.P. ve Victora, C. (2021). Monitoring breastfeeding indicators in high‐income countries: Levels, trends and challenges. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17(3), 13137. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13137
  • Vignerová, J., Shriver, L., Paulová, M., Brabec, M., Procházka, B. ve Riedlová, J. (2015). Growth of Czech breastfed infants in comparison with the World Health Organization standards. Central European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 32-38.
  • World Health Organization, (2014). Investing in children: The European child and adolescent health strategy 2015-2020. Copenhagen.
  • Yeo, J.H. ve Kim, E.Y. (2022). Social policies and breastfeeding duration in South Korea: A survival analysis of the national data. Midwifery, (107), 103282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103282

UNICEF ÇOCUK REFAHI SAĞLIK GÖSTERGELERİNE GÖRE OECD ÜLKELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 37, 64 - 74, 30.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1209799

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) üye ülkelerinin UNICEF çocuk refahı sağlık göstergelerine göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. OECD’ye üye olan 38 ülke araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen ülkelere ait UNICEF Çocuk Refahı Belgesinde yer alan “Bebek ölüm oranı, düşük doğum ağırlığı oranı, emzirme oranı (ilk 6 ay sadece anne sütü), aşılama oranı (difteri, tetanoz, boğmaca-kızamık), fiziksel aktivite (okul dışında fiziksel aktivite yapmama, okul dışında yoğun fiziksel aktivite oranı), 15-24 yaş arası intihar oranı” OECD göstergeleri değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. İncelenen ülkelere ait değişkenlerin ulaşılabilen son yıl verileri kullanılarak MOORA-Oran Yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Tüm değişkenlerin çocuk refahında önem arz etmesi kabul edilmekle birlikte bu çalışmada sıralamanın ilk sıralarının belirlenmesinde emzirme oranları etkili olmuştur. Çekya, Şili, Slovakya ve Macaristan ilk altı ay sadece anne sütüyle beslenme oranlarında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Bu ülkelerden ilk altı ay sadece anne sütüyle emzirme oranı en düşük olan %43,6 iken bu oranı en yakın takip eden Litvanya’nın ilk altı ay anne sütüyle emzirme oranı %39,8’dir. İlk altı ay sadece anne sütüyle beslenme oranlarında ilk sıralarda yer alan bu ülkeler genel sıralamada da ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. UNICEF Çocuk Refahı sağlık göstergeleri çerçevesinde OECD ülkelerinin karşılaştırıldığı bu çalışmada beklenenin aksine OECD ülkeleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilen genel sağlık durumu araştırmaları sıralamalarından farklı bir sıralama elde edilmiştir. Bahsedilen çalışmalarda gelir seviyesi yüksek olan ülkeler ilk sıralarda yer alırken bu çalışmada Çekya, Slovakya ve Macaristan ilk sıralarda yer almıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022). Breastfeeding. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/breastfeeding/latest-release#data-download
  • Beşpınar, F.U. ve Aybars, A.İ. (2013). Erken yaşlarda çocuk refahı ve kadın istihdamı politika belgesi. https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/media/4381/file/Erken%20Ya%C5%9Flarda%20%C3%87ocuk%20Refah%C4%B1%20ve%20Kad%C4%B1n%20%C4%B0stihdam%C4%B1%20Politika%20Belgesi.pdf
  • Bosi, A.T.B., Eriksen, K.G., Sobko, T., Wijnhoven, T. M. ve Breda, J. (2016). Breastfeeding practices and policies in who european region member states. Public Health Nutrition, 19(4), 753-764.
  • Bradshaw, J., P. Hoelscher ve Richardson, D. (2007) Comparing child well-being in OECD countries: Concepts and methods, Innocenti Working Paper. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/464-comparing-child-well-being-in-oecd-countries-concepts-and-methods.html
  • Colen, C.G. ve Ramey, D.M. (2014). Is breast truly best? Estimating the effects of breastfeeding on long-term child health and wellbeing in the United States using sibling comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, (109), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.027
  • Çakmak, C. ve Konca, M. (2019). Seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinin ruh sağlığı hizmetleri performansının değerlendirilmesi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 51-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18506/anemon.426087
  • Çevik, S. (2013). Kamu sağlık harcamalarının sağlık sonuçları üzerindeki etkisi: Ülkelerin gelir seviyelerine göre bir karşılaştırma. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (48), 113-133.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), (2009). Scientific opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants. EFSA Journal, 7(12), 1423.
  • Filmer, D. ve Pritchett, L. (1997). Child mortality and public spending on health: How much does money matter, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1864
  • Fosu-Brefo, R. ve Arthur, E. (2015). Effect of timely initiation of breastfeeding on child health in Ghana. Health Economics Review. 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-015-0044-8
  • Goverment of Canada (2022). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Canada: Key statistics and graphics (2009-2010). https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-nutrition-surveillance/health-nutrition-surveys/canadian-community-health-survey-cchs/duration-exclusive-breastfeeding-canada-key-statistics-graphics-2009-2010.html
  • Haider, S.J., Jacknowitz, A. ve Schoeni, R.F. (2003). Welfare work requirements and child well-being: Evidence from the effects on breast-feeding. Demography. 40(3), 479-497.
  • Health Service Executive (2022). Breastfeeding in a Healthy Ireland Health Service Breastfeeding Action Plan 2016–2021. https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/healthwellbeing/healthy-ireland/publications/breastfeeding-in-a-healthy-ireland.pdf
  • Inano, H., Kameya, M., Sasano, K., Matsumura, K., Tsuchida, A., Hamazaki, K., ve Hasegawa, T. (2021). Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding rates until 6 months postpartum: The Japan environment and children’s study. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85900-4
  • Jakaitė, V., Peštenytė, A., Zakarevičienė, J., Sniečkuvienė, V., Žitkutė, V., Ramašauskaitė, D., ve Domža, G. (2021). Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months: Four consecutive surveys in a tertiary hospital in lithuania. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00364-6
  • Kohlhuber, M., Rebhan, B., Schwegler, U., Koletzko, B. ve Fromme, H. (2008). Breastfeeding rates and duration in Germany: A bavarian chort study. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(5), 1127-1132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508864835
  • Lauria, L., Spinelli, A. ve Grandolfo, M. (2016). Prevalence of breastfeeding in Italy: A population based follow-up study. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 52(3), 457-461. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_16_03_18
  • National Health Service (2022). Infant feeding survey - UK, 2010. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/infant-feeding-survey/infant-feeding-survey-uk-2010
  • OECD, (2009). Doing better for children, the way forward. Paris: OECD Publications. https://www.oecd.org/els/family/43570597.pdf
  • OECD, (2018). Mental health systems in OECD countries. Paris https://www.oecd.org/health/mental-health.htm
  • Önay, O. (2015). Moora. B. F. Yıldırım, E. Önder (Eds.) içinde, Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri (2. Baskı, ss. 245-257). Dora Yayınevi.
  • Republica Slovenija Ministrstvo Za Zdravje (2022). Prehranska prıporočıla za dojenčke. https://www.prehrana.si/moja-prehrana/dojencki
  • Roberts, T.J., Carnahan, E. ve Gakidou, E. (2013). Can breastfeeding promote child health equity? A comprehensive analysis of breastfeeding patterns across the developing world and what we can learn from them. BMC medicine, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-254
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2014). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Salanave, B., Castetbon, K., Boudet Berquıer, J. ve De Launay, C. (2014). Durée de l'allaitement maternel en France (Épifane 2012-2013). Bulletin Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire, (27), 450-457.
  • Sayılı, U., Sayman, Ö.A., Vehid, S., Köksal, S.S. ve Erginöz, E. (2017). Türkiye ve OECD ülkelerinin sağlık göstergeleri ve sağlık harcamalarının karşılaştırılması. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.321742
  • State of Israel Ministry of Israel (2022). The ministry of health is marking breastfeeding week for 2018. https://www.health.gov.il/English/News_and_Events/Spokespersons_Messages/Pages/29072018_1.aspx Taras, H. (2005). Physical activity and student performance at school. Journal of School Health, 75(6), 214- 218.
  • Tavoulari EF, Benetou V, Vlastarakos PV, Psaltopoulou T, Chrousos G ve Kreatsas G (2016). Factors affecting breastfeeding duration in Greece: What is important? World J Clin Pediatr, 5(3), 349-357. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i3.349. PMID: 27610353; PMCID: PMC4978630.
  • The World Bank (2022). Exclusive breastfeeding (% of children under 6 months). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.BFED.ZS?locations=BE%20(2015)
  • Unicef, (2013). Çocuk refahı belgesi. Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve UNICEF Türkiye Temsilciliği.
  • Vaz, J.S., Maia, M.F.S., Neves, P.A., Santos, T.M., Vidaletti, L.P. ve Victora, C. (2021). Monitoring breastfeeding indicators in high‐income countries: Levels, trends and challenges. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17(3), 13137. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13137
  • Vignerová, J., Shriver, L., Paulová, M., Brabec, M., Procházka, B. ve Riedlová, J. (2015). Growth of Czech breastfed infants in comparison with the World Health Organization standards. Central European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 32-38.
  • World Health Organization, (2014). Investing in children: The European child and adolescent health strategy 2015-2020. Copenhagen.
  • Yeo, J.H. ve Kim, E.Y. (2022). Social policies and breastfeeding duration in South Korea: A survival analysis of the national data. Midwifery, (107), 103282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103282
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Güney 0000-0002-0962-5643

Mustafa Kaya 0000-0002-2005-5370

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Güney, M., & Kaya, M. (2023). UNICEF ÇOCUK REFAHI SAĞLIK GÖSTERGELERİNE GÖRE OECD ÜLKELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(37), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1209799