Araştırma Makalesi
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Kamu Politikalarında Şeffaflık ve Açıklık İlkelerine E-Katılımın Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 696 - 706, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.998287

Öz

Bu çalışma kamu politikalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerine e-katılımın etkilerini araştırmaya odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın araştırma soruları şunlardır; “Şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin açıklanma biçimindeki değişim nasıl açıklanabilir?” ve “kamu politikaları çalışmalarında bu ilkelerin açıklanmasında e-katılımın etkisi nedir?” Alan-yazın taramasında kamu politikaları çalışmalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin iki açıdan incelenebileceği görülmektedir. Kamu politikalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerini e-katılımın etkileriyle açıklayan çalışmalar, tarafların karar almanın konusunu oluşturan siyasaya ilişkin tüm bilgilerin karar alma sürecinde yer alan taraflara aktarılması, bilgiye erişim ve sivil katılım süreçleri üzerinedir. İkinci tür çalışmalar şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkeleri ile “vatandaşlar için ortak refah” ilişkisi konusuna odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma birinci tür çalışmalara odaklanan yöntemsel olarak teorik, açıklayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışma üç bölüm olarak tasarlanmıştır. İlk olarak şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin tanımlarına ve bu ilkelerin son dönemde e-katılımın yükselişi ile değişen anlamına işaret edilmektedir. İkinci bölümde e-katılımın kavramsal değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Son bölümde kamu politikaları çalışmalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerine e-katılımın etkisi değerlendirilmektedir.

Teşekkür

Desteğiniz için minnettarım

Kaynakça

  • AL, Hamza (2007), Bilgi Toplumu ve Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Değişimi, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • ARIAS, María Isabel ve MAÇADA, Antônio Carlos Gastaud (2018), “Digital Government for e-Government Service Quality: A Literature Review”, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 6-6 April 2018, Galway (IRELAND), ss.7-17.
  • BARRIOS-O’NEILL, Daniella ve SCHUITEMA, Geertje (2016), “Online Engagement for Sustainable Energy Projects: a Systematic Review and Framework for Integration”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, S.54(C), ss.1611-1621.
  • BAUMAN, Zygmunt ve LYON, David (2013), Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • BELANGER, France ve CARTER, Lemuria (2008), "Trust and Risk in E-Government Adoption", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, S.17(2), ss.165-176.
  • BERTOT, John C., JAEGER, Paul T. ve GRIMES, Justin M. (2010), "Using ICT to Create a Culture of Transparency: E-Government and Social Media as Openness and Anti-Corruption Tools for Societies", Government Information Quarterly, S.2(3), ss.264-271.
  • BIGO, Didier (2002), “Security and Immigration: Towards a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease”, Alternatives, S.27(1), ss.63-92.
  • BRUNSWICKER, Sabine, ALMIRALL, Esteve ve LEE, Melissa Jo (2018), “Transparency in Policy Making: Guiding Citizens Towards Greater Collective Welfare”, SSRN Electronic Journal, ss.2-37.
  • DURAN, Lütfi (1998), “İdari Usul İlkeleri ve Kapsadığı Konular”, İdari Usul Kanunu Hazırlığı Uluslararası Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Başbakanlık Basımevi, Ankara, ss.31-40.
  • EKEN, Musa (1994), “Kamu Yönetiminde Gizlilik Geleneği ve Açıklık İhtiyacı”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.27(2), ss.25-54.
  • EKEN, Musa (2005), “Gizlilik Geleneğinden Şeffaf Yönetime Doğru”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.38(1), ss.113-130.
  • ERYILMAZ, Bilal (1993), “Kamu Bürokrasisinin Denetlenmesinde Yeni Gelişmeler”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.26(4), ss.81-106.
  • FERRO, Enrico, LOUKIS, Euripidis N., CHARALABIDIS, Yannis ve OSELLA, Michelle (2013), "Policy Making 2.0: From Theory to Practice", Government Information Quarterly, S.30(4), ss.359-368.
  • FRASER, Matthew ve DUTTA, Soumitra (2008), Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom, Cornwall Publishing, Wiley. GIBSON, Rachel K., LUSOLI, Wainer ve WARD, Stephen (2005), “Online Participation in the UK: Testing a ‘Contextualised’model of Internet Effects”, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, S.7(4), ss.561-583.
  • GIL-GARCIA, J. Roman, DAWES, Sharon S. ve PARDO, THERESA A. (2018), "Digital Government and Public Management Research: Finding the Crossroads", Public Management Review, S.20(5), ss.633-646.
  • GIL-GARCIA, J. Roman ve MARTINEZ-MOYANO, Ignacio J (2007), “Understanding the Evolution of E-government”, Government Information Quarterly, S.24(2), ss.266–290.
  • GÜRAN, Sait (1982), “Yönetimde Açıklık”, İdare Hukuku ve İlimleri Dergisi: Sarıca’ya Armağan, S.3(1-3), ss.101-112.
  • HARRISON, Teresa M. ve SAYOGO, Djoko S. (2014), "Transparency, Participation, and Accountability Practices in Open Government: A Comparative Study", Government Information Quarterly, S.31(4), ss.513-525.
  • IRANI, Zahir, LOVE, Peter E. D. ve JONES, Stephen (2008), "Learning Lessons from Evaluating E-government: Reflective Case Experiences That Support Transformational Government", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, S.17(2), ss.155-164.
  • JHO, Whason ve SONG, Kyong J. (2015), “Institutional and Technological Determinants of Civil E-participation: Solo or Duet", Government Information Quarterly, S.32(4), ss.488-495.
  • KARKIN, Naci ve ÇALHAN, Hüseyin Serhan (2011), “Vilayet ve İl Özel İdare Web Sitelerinde E-Katılım Olgusu”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, S.1(13), ss.55-80.
  • KARKIN, Naci ve ÇALHAN, Hüseyin Serhan (2012), “An Interactive e-Participation Model for the Public Administration System in Turkey: SIBIYO”, Ege Academic Review, S.12, ss.105-123.
  • LEE, Caroline W. (2014), Do-it-yourself Democracy: The Rise of the Public Engagement Industry, Oxford Scholarship Press, Oxford.
  • LEE, Gwanhoo ve KWAK, Young H. (2012), "An Open Government Maturity Model for Social Media-Based Public Engagement", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(4), ss.492-503.
  • LUNAT, Ziyaad (2008), “The Internet and the Public Sphere: Evidence from The Civil Society in Developing Countries”, The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, S.35(3), ss.1-12.
  • MACINTOSH, Ann (2004), “Characterizing E-Participation in Policy-Making”, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ss.1-10, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6150&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2021).
  • MEDAGLIA, Rony (2012), "E-participation Research: Moving Characterization Forward (2006–2011)", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(3), ss.346-360.
  • MEIJER, Albert (2013), "Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency", Public Administration Review, S.73(3), ss.429-439.
  • NAM, Taewoo (2012), "Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-Sourcing Via Government 2.0", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(1), ss.12-20.
  • NOVECK, Beth S. (2010), Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful, Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC.
  • NOVECK, Beth. S. (2015), Smart Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Governing, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • OECD (2012), “Kamuda İyi Yönetim İlkeleri”, E-Doküman, http://argudenacademy.org/docs/content/ArgudenYonetisimAkademisi_KamudaIyiYonetisim_WEB.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2020).
  • OECD (2015), “G/20 OECD Kurumsal Yönetim İlkeleri”, E-Doküman, https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/Corporate-Governance-Principles-TUR.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2020).
  • ÖRNEK, Acar (1992), Kamu Yönetimi, Meram Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • ÖZAY, İl Han (2002), Gün Işığında Yönetim, Alfa Basım Yayım, İstanbul.
  • PARLAK, Bekir (2011), “Açıklık İlkesi”, Kamu Yönetimi Sözlüğü, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa.
  • RABINA, Debbie (2010), Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice (Ed. Daniel Lathrop, Laurel Ruma), O'reilly Sebastopol boks Publisher, Sebastopol (US).
  • REDDICK, Christopher, and DONALD F. Norris (2013), "E-participation in Local Governments: An Examination of Political-Managerial Support and Impacts", Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, S.7(4), ss.453-476.
  • SAEBØ, Oystein, ROSE, Jeremy ve FLAK, Skiftenes L. (2008), "The Shape of Eparticipation: Characterizing an Emerging Research Area", Government Information Quarterly, S.25(3), ss.400-428.
  • SAPSED, Jonathan ve SALTER, Ammon (2004), “Postcards from the Edge: Local Communities, Global Programs and Boundary Objects”, Organization Studies, S.25(9), ss.1515-1534.
  • SAYLAM, Ayşegül (2020), “Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Merkezi Düzeyde E-Katılım: Bakanlıkların Web Siteleri Üzerinden Bir Araştırma”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, S.41, ss.23-37.
  • SIGMA (1999) “European Principles for Public Administration”, SIGMA Papers, S.27, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/nispacee/unpan006804.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2018).
  • SUSHA, Iryna ve GRONLUND, Åke (2012), "E-participation Research: Systematizing the Field", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(3), ss.373-382.
  • VESNIC-ALUJEVIC, Lusia, STOERMER, Eckhard, RUDKIN, Jennifer Ellen, SCAPOLO, Fabiana ve KIMBELL, Lucy (2019), The Future of Government 2030+, EUR 29664 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • WEHN, Uta ve EVERS, Jaap (2015), “The Social Innovation Potential of ICT- Enabled Citizen Observatories to Increase E-Participation in Local Flood Risk Management”, Technology in Society, S.42, ss.187-198.
  • WELCH, Eric W. (2012), "The Rise of Participative Technologies in Government", Transformational Government Through eGov Practice: Socioeconomic, Cultural, And Technological İssues, ss. 347-367.
  • WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2018), White Paper: Agile Governance Reimagining Policy-making in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum Publisher, Cologny (Switzerland).
  • WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2020), Agile Regulation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum Publisher, Cologny (Switzerland).
  • YILDIZ, Mete (2007), “E-Government Research: Reviewing the Literature, Limitations, and Ways Forward”, Government Information Quarterly, S.24(3), ss.646-665.
  • YILDIZ, Mete (2013), “Big Questions of E-Government Research”, Information Polity, S.17(3–4), ss.343-355.
  • YILDIZ, Mete ve EKMEKÇİOĞLU, Alper (2021), “Gözetişim: İç Güvenlik Süreç ve Hizmetlerine Vatandaşların E-Katılımı”, Kamu Yönetiminde Elektronik Vatandaş Katılımı (Ed. Ayşegül Sağlam), Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, ss.241-256.

The Influence of E-participation on Transparency and Openness Principles in Public Policy

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 696 - 706, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.998287

Öz

This study focuses on investigating the principles of transparency and openness in public policy with the influence of participation. The study's research questions are as follows: “How can the changing meaning of openness and transparency principles be explained?” “What extent has the e-participation influenced to explain these principles in public policy studies?” It can be seen that the principles of transparency and openness in the study of public policy in the literature can be examined in two veins. The studies explain the principles of transparency and openness in public policies with the influence of e-participation, the process of transferring all information about the politics of decision-making to the parties involved in the decision-making process, access to information, and civic participation processes. The second type of work focuses on transparency and openness principles and on the relationship of "collective welfare for citizens". This study is concerned with first type studies, a theoretical, explanatory work. The study is designed in three parts. First, the definition of transparency and openness principles and the changing meaning of these principles with the recent rise of e-participation have been pointed out. Second, the conceptual background of e-participation has been evaluated. Finally, the impacts of e-participation on the principles of transparency and openness in public policy studies have been assessed.

Kaynakça

  • AL, Hamza (2007), Bilgi Toplumu ve Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Değişimi, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • ARIAS, María Isabel ve MAÇADA, Antônio Carlos Gastaud (2018), “Digital Government for e-Government Service Quality: A Literature Review”, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 6-6 April 2018, Galway (IRELAND), ss.7-17.
  • BARRIOS-O’NEILL, Daniella ve SCHUITEMA, Geertje (2016), “Online Engagement for Sustainable Energy Projects: a Systematic Review and Framework for Integration”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, S.54(C), ss.1611-1621.
  • BAUMAN, Zygmunt ve LYON, David (2013), Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • BELANGER, France ve CARTER, Lemuria (2008), "Trust and Risk in E-Government Adoption", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, S.17(2), ss.165-176.
  • BERTOT, John C., JAEGER, Paul T. ve GRIMES, Justin M. (2010), "Using ICT to Create a Culture of Transparency: E-Government and Social Media as Openness and Anti-Corruption Tools for Societies", Government Information Quarterly, S.2(3), ss.264-271.
  • BIGO, Didier (2002), “Security and Immigration: Towards a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease”, Alternatives, S.27(1), ss.63-92.
  • BRUNSWICKER, Sabine, ALMIRALL, Esteve ve LEE, Melissa Jo (2018), “Transparency in Policy Making: Guiding Citizens Towards Greater Collective Welfare”, SSRN Electronic Journal, ss.2-37.
  • DURAN, Lütfi (1998), “İdari Usul İlkeleri ve Kapsadığı Konular”, İdari Usul Kanunu Hazırlığı Uluslararası Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Başbakanlık Basımevi, Ankara, ss.31-40.
  • EKEN, Musa (1994), “Kamu Yönetiminde Gizlilik Geleneği ve Açıklık İhtiyacı”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.27(2), ss.25-54.
  • EKEN, Musa (2005), “Gizlilik Geleneğinden Şeffaf Yönetime Doğru”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.38(1), ss.113-130.
  • ERYILMAZ, Bilal (1993), “Kamu Bürokrasisinin Denetlenmesinde Yeni Gelişmeler”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, S.26(4), ss.81-106.
  • FERRO, Enrico, LOUKIS, Euripidis N., CHARALABIDIS, Yannis ve OSELLA, Michelle (2013), "Policy Making 2.0: From Theory to Practice", Government Information Quarterly, S.30(4), ss.359-368.
  • FRASER, Matthew ve DUTTA, Soumitra (2008), Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom, Cornwall Publishing, Wiley. GIBSON, Rachel K., LUSOLI, Wainer ve WARD, Stephen (2005), “Online Participation in the UK: Testing a ‘Contextualised’model of Internet Effects”, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, S.7(4), ss.561-583.
  • GIL-GARCIA, J. Roman, DAWES, Sharon S. ve PARDO, THERESA A. (2018), "Digital Government and Public Management Research: Finding the Crossroads", Public Management Review, S.20(5), ss.633-646.
  • GIL-GARCIA, J. Roman ve MARTINEZ-MOYANO, Ignacio J (2007), “Understanding the Evolution of E-government”, Government Information Quarterly, S.24(2), ss.266–290.
  • GÜRAN, Sait (1982), “Yönetimde Açıklık”, İdare Hukuku ve İlimleri Dergisi: Sarıca’ya Armağan, S.3(1-3), ss.101-112.
  • HARRISON, Teresa M. ve SAYOGO, Djoko S. (2014), "Transparency, Participation, and Accountability Practices in Open Government: A Comparative Study", Government Information Quarterly, S.31(4), ss.513-525.
  • IRANI, Zahir, LOVE, Peter E. D. ve JONES, Stephen (2008), "Learning Lessons from Evaluating E-government: Reflective Case Experiences That Support Transformational Government", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, S.17(2), ss.155-164.
  • JHO, Whason ve SONG, Kyong J. (2015), “Institutional and Technological Determinants of Civil E-participation: Solo or Duet", Government Information Quarterly, S.32(4), ss.488-495.
  • KARKIN, Naci ve ÇALHAN, Hüseyin Serhan (2011), “Vilayet ve İl Özel İdare Web Sitelerinde E-Katılım Olgusu”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, S.1(13), ss.55-80.
  • KARKIN, Naci ve ÇALHAN, Hüseyin Serhan (2012), “An Interactive e-Participation Model for the Public Administration System in Turkey: SIBIYO”, Ege Academic Review, S.12, ss.105-123.
  • LEE, Caroline W. (2014), Do-it-yourself Democracy: The Rise of the Public Engagement Industry, Oxford Scholarship Press, Oxford.
  • LEE, Gwanhoo ve KWAK, Young H. (2012), "An Open Government Maturity Model for Social Media-Based Public Engagement", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(4), ss.492-503.
  • LUNAT, Ziyaad (2008), “The Internet and the Public Sphere: Evidence from The Civil Society in Developing Countries”, The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, S.35(3), ss.1-12.
  • MACINTOSH, Ann (2004), “Characterizing E-Participation in Policy-Making”, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ss.1-10, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6150&rep=rep1&type=pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2021).
  • MEDAGLIA, Rony (2012), "E-participation Research: Moving Characterization Forward (2006–2011)", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(3), ss.346-360.
  • MEIJER, Albert (2013), "Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency", Public Administration Review, S.73(3), ss.429-439.
  • NAM, Taewoo (2012), "Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-Sourcing Via Government 2.0", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(1), ss.12-20.
  • NOVECK, Beth S. (2010), Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful, Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC.
  • NOVECK, Beth. S. (2015), Smart Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Governing, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • OECD (2012), “Kamuda İyi Yönetim İlkeleri”, E-Doküman, http://argudenacademy.org/docs/content/ArgudenYonetisimAkademisi_KamudaIyiYonetisim_WEB.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2020).
  • OECD (2015), “G/20 OECD Kurumsal Yönetim İlkeleri”, E-Doküman, https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/Corporate-Governance-Principles-TUR.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2020).
  • ÖRNEK, Acar (1992), Kamu Yönetimi, Meram Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • ÖZAY, İl Han (2002), Gün Işığında Yönetim, Alfa Basım Yayım, İstanbul.
  • PARLAK, Bekir (2011), “Açıklık İlkesi”, Kamu Yönetimi Sözlüğü, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa.
  • RABINA, Debbie (2010), Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice (Ed. Daniel Lathrop, Laurel Ruma), O'reilly Sebastopol boks Publisher, Sebastopol (US).
  • REDDICK, Christopher, and DONALD F. Norris (2013), "E-participation in Local Governments: An Examination of Political-Managerial Support and Impacts", Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, S.7(4), ss.453-476.
  • SAEBØ, Oystein, ROSE, Jeremy ve FLAK, Skiftenes L. (2008), "The Shape of Eparticipation: Characterizing an Emerging Research Area", Government Information Quarterly, S.25(3), ss.400-428.
  • SAPSED, Jonathan ve SALTER, Ammon (2004), “Postcards from the Edge: Local Communities, Global Programs and Boundary Objects”, Organization Studies, S.25(9), ss.1515-1534.
  • SAYLAM, Ayşegül (2020), “Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Merkezi Düzeyde E-Katılım: Bakanlıkların Web Siteleri Üzerinden Bir Araştırma”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, S.41, ss.23-37.
  • SIGMA (1999) “European Principles for Public Administration”, SIGMA Papers, S.27, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/nispacee/unpan006804.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2018).
  • SUSHA, Iryna ve GRONLUND, Åke (2012), "E-participation Research: Systematizing the Field", Government Information Quarterly, S.29(3), ss.373-382.
  • VESNIC-ALUJEVIC, Lusia, STOERMER, Eckhard, RUDKIN, Jennifer Ellen, SCAPOLO, Fabiana ve KIMBELL, Lucy (2019), The Future of Government 2030+, EUR 29664 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • WEHN, Uta ve EVERS, Jaap (2015), “The Social Innovation Potential of ICT- Enabled Citizen Observatories to Increase E-Participation in Local Flood Risk Management”, Technology in Society, S.42, ss.187-198.
  • WELCH, Eric W. (2012), "The Rise of Participative Technologies in Government", Transformational Government Through eGov Practice: Socioeconomic, Cultural, And Technological İssues, ss. 347-367.
  • WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2018), White Paper: Agile Governance Reimagining Policy-making in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum Publisher, Cologny (Switzerland).
  • WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2020), Agile Regulation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum Publisher, Cologny (Switzerland).
  • YILDIZ, Mete (2007), “E-Government Research: Reviewing the Literature, Limitations, and Ways Forward”, Government Information Quarterly, S.24(3), ss.646-665.
  • YILDIZ, Mete (2013), “Big Questions of E-Government Research”, Information Polity, S.17(3–4), ss.343-355.
  • YILDIZ, Mete ve EKMEKÇİOĞLU, Alper (2021), “Gözetişim: İç Güvenlik Süreç ve Hizmetlerine Vatandaşların E-Katılımı”, Kamu Yönetiminde Elektronik Vatandaş Katılımı (Ed. Ayşegül Sağlam), Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, ss.241-256.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dilek Dede 0000-0002-8686-6870

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Dede, D. (2021). Kamu Politikalarında Şeffaflık ve Açıklık İlkelerine E-Katılımın Etkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(3), 696-706. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.998287