Preliminary Study on the Determination of Heat Resistant Fungi in Agricultural Soils

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 60 - 66, 26.12.2019

Suat Sezen , Rasime Demirel

Öz

Heat
resistant fungi are capable of surviving temperature at short heat
applications. These organisms continue to growing and metabolic activities.
Therefore, they cause spoilage of food products and effect on health because of
mycotoxin production. This study focused on determination of density and
biodiversity of heat resistant fungi in agricultural soil samples. For this
aim, two different soil samples were collected from agricultural lands at June
2018. Isolation process was performed by using main soil dilution method after
heat treatment at 75°C for 30 minutes of diluted soil samples. After incubation
at 25°C for 7-14 days, all colonies were purified. All of the isolates were
diagnosed by using conventional methods according to the macromorphological and
micromorphological properties. We determined 11 species belong to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium,
Epicoccum, Humicola, Penicillium and
Taloromyces genera. As a result of
this study, we showed that agricultural soil areas have a potential for heat
resistance fungi biodiversity and exhibited that we should concentrate on this
subject with investigation of different areas and sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agricultural Soils, Heat Resistant Fungi, Conventional Method

Tarım Topraklarındaki Isıya Dirençli Fungusların Belirlenmesi Üzerine Ön Çalışma

Öz

Isıya dayanıklı
mantarlar, kısa ısı uygulamalarına dayanabilir. Bu organizmalar büyümeye ve
metabolik aktivitelere devam ederler. Bu nedenle, gıda ürünlerinde bozulmaya ve
mikotoksin üretme yetenekleri sayesinde sağlık üzerinde etkiye neden olurlar.
Bu çalışma, tarımsal toprak örneklerinde ısıya dirençli mantarların yoğunluğu
ve biyolojik çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu amaçla,
Haziran 2018'de tarım alanlarından iki farklı toprak örneği toplanmıştır.
İzolasyon işlemi dilüe edilmiş toprak örneklerinin 75 °C’de 30 dakika boyunca
ısı uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra toprak dilüsyon yöntemi ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. 25 °C’de 7-14 günlük inkübasyondan sonra tüm koloniler
saflaştırılmıştır. İzolatların tamamı makromorfolojik ve mikromorfolojik
özelliklere göre geleneksel yöntemler kullanılarak teşhis edilmiştir. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium,
Epicoccum, Humicola, Penicillium ve Taloromyces
cinslerine ait 11 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, tarımsal toprak
alanlarının ısıya dirençli mantar biyolojik çeşitliliği potansiyeline sahip
olduğunu belirledik ve farklı alanların ve kaynakların araştırılmasıyla bu
konuya odaklanmamız gerektiğini gösterdik.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarım Toprağı, Isıya Dirençli Fungus, Geleneksel Yöntem

Kaynakça

• Ali, A.M., Moghazy, S., Shaban, G., El- Sababty Z. (2009). Heat-Resistant Fungi Isolated from Soil in Minia Governorate, Egypt, Assiut Univ. J. of Botany 38(2) 93-106Barnett HL, Hunter BB, Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi (1999), 4. Edition. 218 pp. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA,
• Benkerroum, N. (2016). Mycotoxins in dairy products: a review. International dairy journal, 62, 63-75.
• Bouhoudan, A., Chidi, F., Tantaoui-Elarak, A., & Khaddor, M. (2018). The effect of carbon source concentration on toxigenesis and lipase activity of Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Agriculture & Forestry/Poljoprivreda i Sumarstvo, 64(3).
• Braga, R. M., Padilla, G., & Araújo, W. L. (2018). The biotechnological potential of Epicoccum spp.: diversity of secondary metabolites. Critical reviews in microbiology, 44(6), 759-778.
• Chadha, B. S., Kaur, B., Basotra, N., Tsang, A., & Pandey, A. (2019). Thermostable xylanases from thermophilic fungi and bacteria: Current perspective. Bioresource technology.
• Chandrashekar, M. A., Soumya, P., and Raju, N. S. (2014). Fungal diversity of rhizosphere soils in different agricultural fields of Nanjangud Taluk of Mysore District, Karnataka, India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 3(5) 559-566.
• Chen, A. J., Sun, B. D., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J. C., Yilmaz, N., Zhou, Y. G., & Samson, R. A. (2016). New Talaromyces species from indoor environments in China. Studies in mycology, 84, 119-144.
• Demirci, A.Ş. and Arici, M. (2006). Margarinde Yüksek Sıcaklığa Dayanıklı Küflerin Belirlenmesi ve Tanımlanması. Türkiye 9. Gıda Kongresi; 24-26. Tekirdağ.
• Gil-Serna, J., Vázquez, C., González-Jaén, M., & Patiño, B. (2018). Wine contamination with ochratoxins: A Review. Beverages, 4(1), 6.
• Houbraken, J. Samson, R.A. (2006). Standardization of methods for detecting heat resistant fungi. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 571, 107-111.
• Hurrass, J., Heinzow, B., Aurbach, U., Bergmann, K. C., Bufe, A., Buzina, W., Heinz, W. (2017). Medical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 220(2), 305-328.
• Ibrahim, S., Anusha, M.B., Udhayaraja, P. (2014). Isolation of heat resistant fungi from canned fruits. Golden Research Thoughts, 3(11) 1-10.
• Klich, M. A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus Species, First edition, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
• Lim, L., Senba, H., Kimura, Y., Yokota, S., Doi, M., Yoshida, K. I., & Takenaka, S. (2019). Influences of N-linked glycosylation on the biochemical properties of aspartic protease from Aspergillus glaucus MA0196. Process biochemistry, 79, 74-80.
• Moazam, S., & Denning, D. W. (2017). Aspergillus nodules in chronic granulomatous disease attributable to Aspergillus ochraceus. Medical mycology case reports, 17, 31-33.
• Nam, M. H., Park, M. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, T. I., & Kim, H. G. (2015). Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. tenuissimum cause blossom blight in strawberry in Korea. Mycobiology, 43(3), 354-359.
• Neto, J. M. W. D., de Albuquerque Wanderley, M. C., de Albuquerque Lima, C., & Porto, A. L. F. (2018). Single step purification via magnetic nanoparticles of new broad pH active protease from Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Protein expression and purification, 147, 22-28.
• Oliveira de, R. C., Carnielli-Queiroz, L., & Correa, B. (2018). Epicoccum sorghinum in food: occurrence, genetic aspects and tenuazonic acid production. Current Opinion in Food Science, 23, 44-48.
• Patriarca, A. (2016). Alternaria in food products. Current Opinion in Food Science, 11, 1-9.
• Sahib, R. A. (2019). The Effects of Toxic Compounds of Cladosporium herbarum on Hormones of Female Rats and Ability of Ascorbic Acid to Decrease Growth of C. herbarum. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(3), 1136-1139.
• Samson, R.A, Houbraken, J., Thrane, U., Frisvad, J.C. Andersen, B. (2010). Food and indoor fungi, Utrecht, The Netherlands: CBS KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre.Shuryak, I. (2019). Review of microbial resistance to chronic ionizing radiation exposure under environmental conditions. Journal of environmental radioactivity, 196, 50-63.
• Tawfik, N. F., Tawfike, Ů., Abdo, R., Abbott, G., Abdelmohsen, U., Edrada-Ebel, R., & Haggag, E. (2017). Metabolomics and Dereplication Study of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus chevelieri in Search of Bioactive Natural Compounds. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research, 1(2), 100-109.
• Tralamazza, S. M., Piacentini, K. C., Iwase, C. H. T., & de Oliveira Rocha, L. (2018). Toxigenic Alternaria species: impact in cereals worldwide. Current Opinion in Food Science, 23, 57-63.
• Valente, V. M. M., Jham, G. N., Jardim, C. M., Dhingra, O. D., & Ghiviriga, I. (2015). Major Antifungals in Nutmeg Essential Oil against Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus. Journal of Food Research, 4(1), 51.
• Wang, X. W., Yang, F. Y., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Sun, B. D., Jiang, Y. L., ... & Samson, R. A. (2019). Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae. Studies in mycology, 93, 65-153.
• Woudenberg, J. H. C., Seidl, M. F., Groenewald, J. Z., De Vries, M., Stielow, J. B., Thomma, B. P. H. J., & Crous, P. W. (2015). Alternaria section Alternaria: Species, formae speciales or pathotypes?. Studies in Mycology, 82, 1-21.