BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION (BSEC): PROPOSALS AND POSSIBILITIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EU

Yıl 1999, , 7 - 51, 25.12.1999

Muzaffer Dartan

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.297

Öz

From the ashes of the disintegration of the USSR a patchwork of regional organisations grew up, stretching from Central and Eastern Europe and extending into the former Soviet Union. Neighbouring countries which had, until then, been excluded from such arrangements came to covet membership of these regional groupings. The countries left out of this process have come together to form their own economic co-operation project- the Black Sea Economic Co-operation (BSEC). The majority of BSEC members comprise the former socialist satellite republics of the Soviet Union. Typically,theyarefighting theseriouseconomic,socialandpoliticalproblemsposed by the transition to market economies. Naturally, the EU has lately become the focus of these countries' ambitions and aspirations. The EU has a reciprocal interest in the BSEC. Abundant natural resources make the BSEC of special interest to the EU. The integration of the BSEC states is significant for the EU not only economically reasqns but also for reasons of security. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

-, Black Sea, BSEC, EU

BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION (BSEC): PROPOSALS AND POSSIBILITIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EU

Öz

Since 1974 Turkey has contended that the Cyprus question should be settled through negotiations between the Turkish and Greek Cypriots. However, develop- ments have shown that bargaining carried out on this platform did not yield the ex- pected results. The time has come for direct bilateral negotiations between Turkey and Greece since the Cyprus question is basically a Greco-Turkish problem. This is the only platform which can pave the way for a solution on the island. In this process, both parties should pursue a bipartisanship model that will ease the bargaining pro- cess by making it easier for the parties to give concessions and retreat to an extent from their starting positions. Both Turkey and greece should adapt their political decision-making processes to facilitate the adoption of a solution on the Cyprus issue. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

BlaCK Sea, BSEC, EU

Kaynakça

• Akmc1, U. (1998), "Washington: Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline Not Possible in 1998", Turkish Daily News, March 19, p. A4.
• Albay, G. and Oral, N. (1998), Turkey's Authority to Regulate passage of Vessels through the Turkish Straits", Perceptions, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 84-108.
• Bakos, G. (1993), "After COMECON: A Free Trade Area in Central Europe?", Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 1 025-1 044.
• Balk1r, C. (1993), Karadeniz Ekonomik l§birligi, TUSIAD publication: No. T/93, 5-159.
• Beddoes, Z. M. (1998), "Central Asia: A Caspian Gamble", The Economist Survey, Februar 7-13.
• BSEC Permanent International Secreteriat (1994), the BSEC: the Present and the Future, Istanbul.
• Clover, C. and Gall, C. (1998), "Kazakhstan free to drill huge Caspian oilfield after signing pact with Russia", Financial Times, July 7, p. 4.
• Corzine, R. and Allen, R. (1998), "Tehran reopens doors to vast oil and gas resources", Financial Times, p. 6. MARMARA JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES 49
• Dartan, M. (1992a), "Karadeniz Ekonomik l§birligi: TOrkiye Lokomotif, Goril§, No. 4, pp. 32-35.
• Dartan, M. (1992b), "Azerbaycan'm Ekonomik Yap1s1 ve Piyasa Ekonomisine Gegi§ Donemi Sorunlan", in Istanbul Sanayi Odas1 (ISO), Bagtmstz Devletler Toplulugu ve Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri, No. 11 , pp. 86-93.
• Dartan, M. (1993/94), "Black Sea Economic Co-operation", Marmara Journal of European Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, pp. 123-153.
• De Cordier, B. (1996), "The Economic Cooperation Organization: towards a new Silk road on the ruins of the Cold War?", Central Asian Survey, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 4 7- 57.
• Demirsar, M. (1995), "BSEC Reviews Telecommunications, Transport and Energy", Turkish Daily News, Section II, December 25. D1~ Ekonomik ili~kiler Konseyi (DEiK), (1997), Turkey and BSEC Countries, April, Istanbul.
• Dieter, H. (1996), "Regional integration in Central Asia: current economic position position and prospects", Central Asian Survey, Vol. 15, No. 3-4, pp. 369-386.
• Financial Times, (1993), "Black Sea Bank for Thessalonika", 10 December.
• Financial Times, (1994), "Pollution threat as tanker collision leaves 12 dead", 15 March.
• Gall, C. (1998), "Peace Deal Eludes Ethnic", Financial Times Survey, March 3, p. 14.
• Gardner, D. (1998), "A New Road Map Iran", Financial Times, June 19, p. 20.
• Gen~kaya, 6. F. (1993), "The Black Sea economic co-operation project: A regional challenge to European integration", International Social Science Journal, Nr. 138, pp. 549-557.
• Gumpel, W. (1993), "The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone: Outline of a New Community of states", lntereconomics, Vol: 28, No: 4, pp.178-182.
• Haghayeghi, M. (1995), "Economic Cooperation Organization: A Preliminary Assessment", Central Asia Monitor, No. 1, pp. 15-19.
• Kirichenko, V. (1994), "The State of and of Prospects for Economic Ties in the CIS", Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 36, No. 39, pp. 39-56.
• Kolat, A.Y. (1996), "Black Sea Economic Cooperation in Perspective", Eurasian Studies, Vol: 3, No: 3, pp.21-29.
• Lasok, D. (1992), "Institutional Issues: Participation in Community Institutions", 50 BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION
• Marmara Journal of European Studies, Vol 2, No. 1-2, pp. 55-71 .
• Lippert, B. and Schneider, H. (eds.), (1995), Monitoring Association and Beyond: The European Union and Visegrad States, Europaische Schriften Politik, Bd. 74, Bonn.
• Macleod, S. I Meier, A. I Quinn-Judge, P. I Waller, D. and Zarakhovich, Y. (1998), "Black Gold", TIME, pp. 22-29.
• MacFarlane, S. N. (1995), "The Structure of Instability in the Caucasus", lnternationale Politik and Gesel/schaft, No. 4, pp. 380-393.
• Marer, P. (1994), "Economic Relations between Eastern, Central and Western Europe: An Historical Perspective", in Berend, I. T. (ed.), Transition to a Market Economy at the End of the 20th Century, Sildosteuropa-Studien, Bd. 54, MOnchen, pp. 85-100.
• Mee, L. (1997), "The Black Sea Environment and Ecosystem", This paper was • prepared for the New Opportunities in the Black Sea Region conference held in Istanbul, April 28-30, and organised by the Black Sea Co-operation Business Council in Collaboration with Foreign Economic Relations Board of Turkey (DEIK), pp. 339-341 .
• Meier, C. (1994), "Cooperation Initiatives in Eastern Central Europe", Aussenpolitik, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 254-262.
• Moorhouse, J. (1996), "Central and Eastern Europe: Accession to the European Union", Aussenpolitik, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 368-378.
• New Europe, (1999), "Black Sea Bank starts operations", No. 313, May 24-30, p. 1. Noetzold, J. (19959, "European Union and Eastern Central Europe: Expectations and Uncertainties", Aussenpolitik, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 14-23.
• Ozdamar, E. (1997), "Aquaculture Projects", This paper was prepared for the New Opportunities in the Black Sea Region conference held in Istanbul, April 28-30, and organised by the Black Sea Cooperation Business Council in Collaboration with Foreign Economic Board of Turkey (DEIK), pp. 368-374.
• Ozer, E. (1996), "The Black Sea Economic Co-operation and the EU", Perceptions, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 72-86.
• Ozer, E. (1997), "The Black Sea Economic Co-operation and Regional Security", Perceptions, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 76-106.
• Rahr, A. (1997), "Die Sicherung der Energietransportwege: Eine strategische Aufgabe fOr RuBiand", lnternationale Politik, No. 1, pp. 25-30. MARMARA JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES 51
• Robinson, A. and Williams, S. (1998), "Shevardnadze Sees New Oill Pipeline as Key to Georgian Unity", Financial Times, July 3, p. 3.
• Sampson, M. W. (1995), "Black Sea environmental Cooperation: States and the Most Seriously Degraded", Bogazi9i Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 51-76.
• Sampson, P. (1999), "Lubricating the Caspian", Transition, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 25-29.
• Sanibrahimoglu, L. (1996), "Gizli Belgelerle Boru Hatt_ Bozgunu", Cumhuriyet, a series of research, from 14 to 20 July.
• Schmidt-Hauer, C.(1995), "Kalter Krieg urns Oil", Die Zeit, June 16, pp. 9-10.
• Tokgoz, E. (ed.) (1997), GOmrOk Birligi Karadeniz Ekonomik l§birligi ve Dogu Karadeniz Bolgesi, Tilrkiye Ekonomi Kurumu, Ankara.
• Volkan, E. (1995), "Black Sea Trade and Development Bank", EKA International, pp. 60-61. '
• Von Loringhoven, A. F. (1988), "Regional Cooperation: building Bridges as Europe Grows Together", Aussenpolitik, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 12-17.
• Zagorski, A. (1994), "Reintegration in the former USSR?", Aussenpolitik, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 263-272.
• Zevin, L. (1995), "The Economic Space of the CIS", Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 37, No.9, pp. 6-19.