VATANDAŞLIK SINAVLARININ POSTMODERN SÖYLEM ANALİZİ: AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ VE BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK ÖRNEKLERİ
Öz
Vatandaşlık sınavları devletler tarafından göç ve vatandaşlığa kabul politikalarının bir aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada gelişmişlik düzeyleri ile göçmen ve vatandaşlık taleplerinin yoğunluğu dolayısıyla dünyada en çok göç alan ülkelerden olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Birleşik Krallık’ın ‘vatandaşlık kabulünün giriş kapısı’ olarak görülen vatandaşlık sınavlarının uluslararası perspektifte değişimini dikkate alan söylemsel bir analizi yapılacaktır. Ülkelerin bu sınavlarda sorduğu sorularda kullandıkları dil ve öne çıkarmakta önemli gördükleri özellikler kategorilere ayrılarak incelenecektir. Avrupa ülkelerinden yeri geldikçe kesişen kimi noktalarda örnekler verilmekle beraber, esas ağırlıklı inceleme Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Birleşik Krallık’a verilecektir. Yapılan analizlerde ve kıyaslamalarda literatürde ve politik zeminde cereyan eden tartışmalarla kurulan ilişkilere de yer verilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Vatandaş Vatandaşlık Vatandaşlık Sınavları Göçmen Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Birleşik Krallık Vatandaşlığa Kabul
Kaynakça
- Abowitz, K.K and Harnish, J. (2006) “Contemporary Discourses of Citizenship”, Review of Educational Research, 76 (4): 653-690.
- Ağaoğulları, M. A. (2006) Kent Devletinden İmparatorluğa, (From City State to Empire) (İstanbul: İmge Publishing).
- Aluko, E. (2007) Life In The UK: Everyday Knowledge for Residents, (London: Baseline Educational Services).
- Aydın, A. İ. (2007) “Avrupa Vatandaşlık Sınavında”, (Europe is in citizenship test) Zaman, 11 March, <www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_avrupa-vatandaslik-sinavinda_511572.html>, (3 June 2015).
- Barker, E. (1995) Aristotle Politics: Oxford World’s Classics, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- BBC (2013) “UK citizenship test to cover Britain’s greats”, 28 January, <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21221773>, (20 August 2017).
- BBC (2011) “State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron”, 5 February, <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-12371994>, (18 July 2017).
- BBC (2010) “Merkel says German multicultural society has failed”, 17 October, <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11559451>, (18 July 2017).
- Benhabib, S. (2013) “Birthright Citizenship, Immigration and Global Poverty”, University of Toronto Law Journal, 63 (3): 496-510.
- Brooks T. (2012) “The British Citizenship Test: The Case for Reform”, The Political Quarterly, 83 (3): 560–566.
- Brubaker, W. R. (1990) “Immigration, Citizenship, And The Nation-State in Germany and France: A Comparative Historical Analysis”, International Sociology, 5(4): 379-407.
- Clark, G. L. et al. (1993) Multiculturalism, Difference and Postmodernism, (Harlow: Longman).
- Cox, R. (1987) Production, Power and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History, (New York: Columbia University Press).
- Cox, R. (1986) Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory, (New York: Colombia University Press).
Postmodern Discourse Analysis of Citizenship Tests: The Cases of the United States of America and the United Kingdom
Öz
Citizenship tests are used by states as a tool of naturalization and migration policies. In this paper, a brief discourse analysis of citizenship tests which can be called as an “entrance gate of naturalization” of two most immigrant-receiving countries in the world with their development level and other reasons, the United States and the United Kingdom, are examined. Accordingly, the discourse of the questions those countries ask in the tests and the features they regard as significant to put forward are focused on. Although some examples are given from some European countries when necessary, the main emphasis is given to the case countries. The main reason why these countries are selected is that they are both English as native language and have long term experience in such tests. In the analyses and comparisons, links with the discussions in the literature and on the political grounds will also take part.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Citizen Citizenship Citizenship Tests Immigrant The United States of America The United Kingdom Naturalization
Kaynakça
- Abowitz, K.K and Harnish, J. (2006) “Contemporary Discourses of Citizenship”, Review of Educational Research, 76 (4): 653-690.
- Ağaoğulları, M. A. (2006) Kent Devletinden İmparatorluğa, (From City State to Empire) (İstanbul: İmge Publishing).
- Aluko, E. (2007) Life In The UK: Everyday Knowledge for Residents, (London: Baseline Educational Services).
- Aydın, A. İ. (2007) “Avrupa Vatandaşlık Sınavında”, (Europe is in citizenship test) Zaman, 11 March, <www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_avrupa-vatandaslik-sinavinda_511572.html>, (3 June 2015).
- Barker, E. (1995) Aristotle Politics: Oxford World’s Classics, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- BBC (2013) “UK citizenship test to cover Britain’s greats”, 28 January, <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21221773>, (20 August 2017).
- BBC (2011) “State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron”, 5 February, <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-12371994>, (18 July 2017).
- BBC (2010) “Merkel says German multicultural society has failed”, 17 October, <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11559451>, (18 July 2017).
- Benhabib, S. (2013) “Birthright Citizenship, Immigration and Global Poverty”, University of Toronto Law Journal, 63 (3): 496-510.
- Brooks T. (2012) “The British Citizenship Test: The Case for Reform”, The Political Quarterly, 83 (3): 560–566.
- Brubaker, W. R. (1990) “Immigration, Citizenship, And The Nation-State in Germany and France: A Comparative Historical Analysis”, International Sociology, 5(4): 379-407.
- Clark, G. L. et al. (1993) Multiculturalism, Difference and Postmodernism, (Harlow: Longman).
- Cox, R. (1987) Production, Power and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History, (New York: Columbia University Press).
- Cox, R. (1986) Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory, (New York: Colombia University Press).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 |