BÜYÜMEYE VE ULUSLARARASILAŞMAYA GİRİŞİMCİ YAKLAŞIM: EDİRNE’DE GIDA ÜRETEN KOBİLER HAKKINDA NİTELİKSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 46, 179 - 200, 10.08.2016

İpek Kışlalı İlknur Taştan Boz

Öz

Today, food industry is among the most important manufacturing industries and most of the enterprises in this industry are activated as SMEs. These enterprises face some difficulties in competing with large-scale enterprises in the sector. Simultaneously, they have to eliminate some barriers related to management, production, standards/quality, human resources (HR), and marketing. As a result of these facts, the owners of SMEs specialized in food sector have diversified perceptions about growth and internationalisation. Consequently, they make specific action plans in order to make their enterprises survive and be successful on regional and global platform. This study is based on face-to-face in-depth interviews which have been conducted in eight enterprises from Edirne, a city of Turkey. In the light of the qualitative approach sector-based and local difficulties have been analyzed and entrepreneurial approach and views for growth and internationalisation in food sector have been emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneur; Food Sector; Internationalization; Growth; SMEs

BÜYÜMEYE VE ULUSLARARASILAŞMAYA GİRİŞİMCİ YAKLAŞIM: EDİRNE’DE GIDA ÜRETEN KOBİLER HAKKINDA NİTELİKSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Günümüzde gıda sektörü, üretim yapan endüstrilerin en önemlileri içinde yeralır ve bu alandaki işletmelerin çoğu KOBİ niteliğindedir. Bu girişimler sektörde büyük işletmeler ile rekabet nedeniyle bazı zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, bu işletmeler yönetim, üretim, standartlar/kalite, insan kaynakları (İK) ve pazarlama ile ilgili bazı engelleri aşmak zorundadırlar. Bu gerçeklerin sonucu olarak gıda sektöründe uzmanlaşmış KOBİ’lerin sahipleri büyüme ve uluslararasılaşma ile ilgili çeşitli algılara sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, onlar bölgesel ve küresel platformda girişimlerini devam ettirebilmek ve başarılı olabilmek için belli hareket planları yaparlar. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin bir kenti olan Edirne’de bulunan sekiz girişimci ile derinlemesine yüzyüze görüşmeye dayanmaktadır. Niteliksel yaklaşım ile sektör bazlı ve yerel olarak karşılaşılan zorluklar analiz edilmiştir ve gıda sektöründeki büyümeye ve uluslararasılaşmaya girişimci yaklaşım ve bu konularla ilgili görüşler vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gıda Sektörü; Uluslararasılaşma; Büyüme; Yönetim; KOBİ

Kaynakça

• Abereijo, I.O., Adegbite, S.A., Ilori, M.O., Adeniyi, A.A. & Aderemi, H.A. (2009). Technological Innovation Sources and Institutional Supports for Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 4(2), 82-90.
• Acs, Z.J., Morck, R.K. & Yeung, B. (2001). Entrepreneurship, Globalization, and Public Policy. SMEs and the Global Economy, Journal of International Management, 7(3), 235-251.
• Agndal, H. & Chetty, S. (2007). The Impact of Relationships on Changes in Internationalisation Strategies of SMEs. European Journal of Marketing, 41, Issue 11/12, 1449-1474.
• Anand, B. (2015). Reverse Globalization by Internationalization of SME’s: Opportunities and Challenges Ahead. World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 3 July 2015, 195, 1003-1011.
• Anderssona, S., Eversb, N. & Griotac, C. (2013). “Local and international networks in small firm internationalization: cases from the Rhône-Alpes medical technology regional cluster. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9–10), 867–888.
• Bakouros, Y. & Samara, E. (2010). Innovation Management Techniques: A Strategic Tool for SMEs in an Innovative Region. International Journal of Innovative Sciences, 2(2), 81-91.
• Bellesi, F., Lehrer, D., & Tal, A. (2005). Comparative advantage: The impact of ISO 14001 environmental certification on exports. Environmental Science & Technology, 39: 1943–1953.
• Bulu, M., Eraslan, İ.H. & Barca, M. (2007). Türk Gıda Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçilik Düzeyinin Analizi. A.K.Ü.İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 9(1), 311-335.
• Brettel, M. & Rottenberger, J.D. (2013). Examining the Link between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(4), 471-490.
• Çelik, C. & Karadal. H.(2007). ”Kobi’lerin Sorunları ve Çözüm Stratejilerinin Algılanan Performans Üzerine Etkileri: Aksaray ve Mersin Örneği”. Ç.Ü..Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 119-138.
• Clarke, J., Holt, R. & Blundel R. (2014). Re-imagining the Growth Process: (Co)-evolving Metaphorical Representations of Entrepreneurial Growth. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 26, Issue 3-4, 234-256.
• Delmar, F. (1997). “Measuring Growth: Methodological Considerations and Empirical Results.” In Entrepreneurship and SME Research: On Its Way to the Next Millennium, edited by R. Donkels, and A. Miettinen, 190-216. Aldershot: Ashgate.
• Goss, D. (1991). Small Business and Society. London: Routledge.
• Gözlü, S., Yenen V.Z. & Baykuş, S. (2005). “Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerde Üretim, Kalite ve Teknoloji Sorunları: Türkiye’den Bir Örnek”. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Yıl: 4, Sayı: 8, 19-28.
• Gruenwald, R.K. (2014). Shaping Policy Supporting High-Growth Entrepreneurship: Reflections on EU SME Policy. Horizons of Politics, 5(10), 105-126.
• Holliday, R. (1996). Investigating Small Firms: Nice Work? London: Routledge.
• Knight, G. (2000). Entrepreneurship and Marketing Strategy: The SME under Globalization. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 12-32.
• KOSGEB. (2011). 2011-2013 Kobi Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı, http://www.sanayi.gov.tr.
• Korsakiene R. (2014). Internationalization of Lithuanian SMEs: Investigation of Barriers and Motives. Economics and Business, 26, 54-61.
• Kovalainen, A. (2006). Chapter 4: Influencing Attitudes and Skills for Entrepreneurship and SME Growth. OECD Papers, 6(12), 89-103.
• Krasniqi, B. (2007). Barriers to Entrepreneurship and SME Growth in Transition: The Case of Kosova. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 71-94.
• Kümbetoğlu, B. (2012). Sosyolojide ve Antropolojide Niteliksel Yöntem ve Araştırma. (3. Basım). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
• Ljutic, B.Z., Marjanovic, P. & Ljutic, I. (2014). Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs in Serbia: The Perspectives for Sustainable Investments and Growth. Actual Problems of Economics, 155(5), 186-194.
• Massa, S. & Testa, S. (2011). Knowledge Domain and Innovation Behavior - A Framework to Conceptualize KMSs in Small and Medium Enterprises. The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 41(4), 483-504.
• Martı´n-Tapia, I, Arago´n-Correa, J.A. & Rueda-Manzanares, A. (2010). Environmental Strategy and Exports in Medium, Small and Micro-enterprises. Journal of World Business, 45, 266–275.
• Mutalemwa, D.K. (2009). Barriers to SMEs Development in the Manufacturing Sector: Evidence From Tanzania. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 4(2), 93-111.
• Nugent, J.B. & Yhee, S. (2002). Small and Medium Enterprises in Korea: Achievements, Constraints and Policy Issues. Small Business Economics, 18, 85-119.
• Özgen, Kılıç & Karademir. (2003). “Birlikten Kuvvet Doğar”; Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeler için Bir Örgütlenme Modeli Olarak Ağ Organizasyonları Önerisi”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(12), 81-96.
• Petts, J., Herd, A., Gerrard, S. & Horne, C. (1999). The Climate and Culture of Environmental Compliance within SMEs. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8, 14-30.
• Plummer, M.G. (2004). "Globalisation and SMEs in East Asia and the Role of SMEs in National Economies in East Asia: Studies of Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises in East Asia, Volume I and Volume II, Charles
• Harvie and Boon". Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 979-980, January.
• Rahman, H. & Ramos, I. (2013). Challenges in Adopting Open Innovation Strategies in SMEs: An Exploratory Study in Portugal. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 10, 431-448.
• Robichaud, Y., Mcgraw, E. & Cachon, J. (2014). Female Entrepreneurs’ Motives and SME’s Growth: An International Study. Journal of Competitiveness Studies. Fal-Winter, 22(3-4), 126-146.
• Robinson, S. & Stubberud, H.A.(2012). Issues in Innovation for Norwegian SMEs. Journal of International Business Research, 11(1), 53-62.
• Sabuncuoğlu, Z. & Tokol, T. (1997). İşletme I-II. Bursa: Uludağ
• Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Scarborough, N.M., Wilson D.L. & Zimmerer, T.W. (2009). Effective Small Business Management, An Entrepreneurial Approach. New Jersey: Pearson International, Ninth Edition.
• Širec, K. & Močnik, D. (2010). How Entrepreneurs’ Personal Characteristics Affect SMEs’ Growth. Our Economy, 56(1/2), 3-12.
• Smeral, E. (1998). The Impact of Globalization on Small and Medium Enterprises: New Challenges for Tourism Policies in European Countries. Tourism Management, 19(4), 371-380.
• Storey, D.J. & Greene, F.J. (2010). Small Business and Entrepreneurship: England Pearson Education Limited, First edition.
• Tang, Z. & Tang, J. (2012). Entrepreneurial Orientation and SME Performance in China’s Changing Environment: The Moderating effects of Strategies. Asia Pac. J. Manag, 29, 409-431.
• Thakkar, J., Kanda, A. & Deshmukh, S.G. (2013). Supply Chain Issues in SMEs: Select Insights from Cases of Indian Origin. Production Planning & Control, 24(1), 47-71.
• Udovičić, A. (2011). Small and Medium Entrepreneurship (SME) in Croatia as an Important Component for Economic Growth. Interdisciplinary Management Research, 7, 422-431.
• Volchek, D., Jantunen, A. & Saarenketo, S. (2013). The Institutional Environment for International Entrepreneurship in Russia: Reflections on Growth Decisions and Performance in SMEs. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 11(4), 320-350.
• Wakkee I., Van Der Veen, M., & Eurlings, W. (2015) Effective Growth Paths for SMEs. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 24(2), 169-185.
• Wang, J., Lee-Davies, L., Kakabadse, N.G. & Xie, Z. (2011). Leader Characteristics and Styles in the SMEs of the People’s Republic of China During the Global Financial Crisis. Strategic Change, 20, 17-30.
• Wani, V.P., Garg, T.K. & Sharma, S.K. (2004). Reengineering of Engineering Education: In the Context of Entrepreneurship Development for Sustainable Growth of SME’s in India. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education. Annual, 7, 23-38.
• Weiss, B. & Welsh, D.H.B. (2013). Entrepreneurship and Small Business in Eastern Europe: Overcoming Challenges, Sustaining Growth. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 5(3):148-169.
• www.iav.org.tr (Feb. 7, 2014)
• www.tuik.org.tr (Feb. 7, 2014)
• Yang, N. (2012). Small Businesses and International Entrepreneurship in the Economic Hard Time: A Global Strategic Perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 16, 113-131.