YENİ TİP İŞLETMELER: GLOBAL DOĞAN İŞLETMELERİN OLUŞUM NEDENLERİ VE ÖZELLİKLERİ

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 29, 23 - 32, 10.01.2008

Tülin Ural , Aslı Küçükaslan

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.680617

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüzde hızla yayılmaya başlayan ve yeni bir tür olan “Global Doğan İşletmeler” i incelemektir. Çalışmada global doğan işletmelerin çeşitli ülkelerdeki varlığına ilişkin bulgular ve kuramsal temelde global doğan işletmelerin varlığını açıklayan yaklaşımlar ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, global doğan işletmelerin özellikleri, ortaya çıkmalarına neden olan içsel ve dışsal dinamikler, ve uluslararası faaliyetlerde performanslarını arttıran faktörler, yönelimleri ve stratejileri ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda uygulamacılar ve araştırmacılar için öneriler sunulmaktadır. Uygulamacılar açısından bazı öneriler; kurulduklarından itibaren global özgöriişe sahip olmak, uluslararası faaliyetler için kaynak ayırma isteğinde olmak, uluslararası deneyime sahip olmak, kişisel ve kurumsal ağları oluşturmak, niş pazarlara odaklanmak ve proaktif uluslararası stratejiler uygulamak yönündedir. Araştırmacılar açısından, global doğan işletmelerin varlığını açıklayan nedensel modellerin ortaya konulması ve bu işletmelerin gelişim sürecinin -zaman serisi analizleri ile- test edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Doğan işletmeler, Uluslararasılaşma Süreci, İçsel ve Dışsal Dinamikler

Kaynakça

• [1] OECD (1997). Globalization and Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Paris.
• [2] Zahra, S. (2005). A Theory of International New Ventures: A Decade of Research. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(1), 20-28.
• [3] Oviatt, B.& McDougall, P. (1994). Toward A Theory of International New Ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45-64.
• [4] Çavuşgil, S.T. & Knight, G.A. (1996). The Bom Global Firm: A Challenge to Traditional Internationalization Theory. Advances in International Marketing, 8,11-26.
• [5] Mcdougall, P.P. & Oviatt, B.M. (2000). International Entrepreneurship: The Intersection of Two Research Path. Academy of Management Journal, ’43(5), 902-903.
• [6] (1989). Small Firms Aren’t Waiting To Grow Up To Go Global. Wall Street Journal, December 5, B2.
• [7] Nakamura, S. (1992). 21 Seiki Gata Chuushoo Kigyoo, (2F‘ Centry-Style Small and Medium Size Enterprises). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
• [8] Nikkei, S.S. (1995). Benchaa Shin Sedai (New Generation Ventures), Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun Sha.
• [9] Knight, G.A. & Çavuşgil, S.T. (2004). Innovation, Organizational Capabilities, and Bom-Global Firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124-141.
• [10] Rennie, M. (1993). Bom Global. Mckinsey Quarterly, 4, 45-52.
• [11] Çavuşgil, S.T. (1980). On the International Process of Firms, European Research, 8(6), 273-281.
• [12] Reid, S. (1981). The Decision-Maker And Export Entry And Expansion. Journal Of International Business Studies, 12(Fall), 101-111.
• [13] Bilkey, W.J. & Tesar, G. (1977). The Export Behavior of Smaller Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 9(Spring/Summer), 93-98.
• [14] Reid, S. (1983). Firm Internationalization, Transaction Costs and Strategic Choice. International Marketing Review, 1 (2), ss.44-56.
• [15] Rosson, P.J. (1987). The Overseas Distribütör Method: Performance and Change in A Harsh Environment. (Ed.: Rosson, P. & Reid, S.). Managing Export Entry and Expansion. New York: Praeger.
• [16] Tumbull, P. (1987). A Challenge to the Stages Theory of the Internationalization Process. (Ed.: Rosson, P. & Reid, S.). Managing Export Entry and Expansion. New York: Praeger.
• [17] Nordstrom, K.A. (1991). The Internationalization Process of Firm. Doktora Tezi. Stockholm: Institute of International Business, Stockholm School of Economics.
• [18] Welch, L. & Luostarinen, R. (1988). Internationalization: Evolution of A Concept. Journal of General Management, 14(2), 34-55.
• [19] Ganitsky, J. (1989). Strategies for Innate and Adoptive Exporters. International Marketing Review, 6(5), 50-65.
• [20] Brush, C.G. (1992). Factors Motivating Small Companies to Internationalize: The Effect of Firm Age, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Boston: Boston Üniversitesi.
• [21] Mckinsey & Co. (1993). Emerging Exporters: Australia's Higlı Value-Added Manufacturing Exporlers. Melbourne: Australian Manufacturing Council.
• [22] Bell, J. (1995). The Internationalization of Small Computer Software Firms, European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 60- 75.
• [23] Jolly, V.; Alahuhta, M. & Jeannet, J. (1992). Challenging the Incumbents: How High Technology Start-Ups Compete Globally. Journal of Strategic Change, 1, 71-82.
• [24] Lindmark, L; Christensen, P.R.; Eskelinen, H.; Forsstrom, B.; Sorensen, O.J. & Vatn, E. (1994). Internationalizing Study. Nord REFO. 7. Denmark.
• [25] Christensen, P.R. & Jacobsen, L. (1996). The Role of Export in New Business Formation. RENTX, Brüksel.
• [26] Madsen, T. & Servais, P. (1997). The Internationalization of Bom Globals-An Evolutionary Process. International Business Review, 6(6), 1-14.
• [27] Bodur, M. & Madsen, T.K. (1993). Danish Foreign Investment in Turkey. European Business Review, 93(5), 28-43.
• [28] Hofer, C. & Schendel, D. (1978). Strategy Formulation: Analytical Concepts. St.Paul, MN: West Publishing.
• [29] Knight, G.A. & Çavuşgil, S.T. (2005). A Taxonomy of Bom-Global Firms. Management International Review, 45(3), 15-35.
• [30] Czinkota, M.R. & Ronkainen, I. (1995). International Marketing. 4Ih Ed. Forth Worth, Tx: The Dryden Press.
• [31] Hakansson, H. (1982). International Marketing and Purchasing of Industrial Goods: An Interaction Approach. New York: John Wiley.
• [32] Thorelli, H. (1990). Networks: The Gay 90s in International Marketing. (Ed.: Thorelli, H. & Çavuşgil, S.T.). International Marketing Strategy. 3rd Ed. New York: Pergamon Press.
• [33] Chandler, A.D. (1990). The enduring logic of industrial success. Harvard Business Review, 68(2), 130-140.
• [34] Hashai, N. & Almor, T. (2004). Gradually internationalizing ‘bom global’ firms: an oxymoron? International Business Review, 13(4), 465—483.
• [35] Dimitratos, P. & Plakoyiannaki, E. (2003). Theoretical Foundation s of an International Entrepreneurial Culture. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 187-205.
• [36] Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press.
• [37] Kirzner, I.M. (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• [38] Covin, J. & Slevin, D. (1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
• [39] Lumpking, T. & Dess, G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135- 172.
• [40] Penrose, E. (1959). The Theory Of The Growth of The Firm. London: Basil Blackwell.
• [41] Casson, M. (2000). The Entrepreneur. Totowa: Barnes and Noble.
• [42] Nelson, R. & Winter, S. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Belknap Press: Cambridge.
• [43] Autio, E.; Sapienza, H.J. & Almedia, J.G. (2000). Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and İmitability on International Growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 909-1014.
• [44] Schumpeter, I. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
• [45] Slater, S. & Narver, J. (1992). Superior Customer Value and Business Performance: The Strong Evidence for A Market-Driven Culture. Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute.
• [46] Rialp, A.; Rialp, J. & Knight, G.A. (2005). The Phenomenon of Early internationalizing Firms: What Do We Know After A Decade (1993-2003) of Scientifıc Inquiry? International Business Review, 14(2), 147-166.