BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 131 - 136, 22.02.2016

Öz

In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Vitamin U (Vit U) on amiodarone (AMD)-induced hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was control animals receiving corn oil for 7 days, Group II consisted of animals receiving Vit U (50 mg/kg) for 7 days, Group III consisted of animals receiving AMD (100 mg/kg) for 7 days and Group IV consisted of animals given AMD and Vit U (in same dose and time). AMD and Vit U were administered to rats by gavage. On the 8th day, all the animals fasted overnight were sacrificed. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken from animals. Serum total cholesterol levels and liver gamma glutamyl transferase, adenosine deaminase and tissue factor activities, liver glycoprotein component level such as fucose, hexose and hexosamine were determined. All the parameters were found to be increased in AMD group as compared to control group. Administration of Vit U reversed these effects in AMD group. According to these results, we can conclude that Vit U can prevent AMD-induced liver injury.

Kaynakça

  • Nasser M, Larsen TR, Waanbah B, Sidiqi I, McCullough PA. Hyperacute drug-induced hepatitis with intravenous amiodarone: Case resport and review of the literature. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2013; 5: 191-98.
  • Babatin M, Lee SS, Pollak PT. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2008; 6: 228-36.
  • Vitins AP, Kienhuis AS, Speksnijder EN, Roodbergen M, Lujiten M, van der Ven LT. Mechanisms of amiodarone and valproic acid induced liver steatosis in mouse in vivo act as a template for other hepatotoxicity models. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88: 1573-88.
  • Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Stavreva G, Dancheva V, Terziev L, Atanasova M, Stoyanova A, Dimitrova A, Shopova V. Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on amiodarone-induced pneumotoxicity in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10: 132-40.
  • Luciani R, Falcone C, Principe F, Punzo G, Menè P. Acute renal failure due to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. Clin Nephrol 2009; 72: 79-80.
  • Jabrocka-Hybel A, Bednarczuk T, Bartalena L, Pach D, Ruchala M, Kamiński G, Kostecka-Matyja M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66: 176-86.
  • Pomponio G, Zurich MG, Schultz L, Weiss DG, Romanelli L, Gramowski-Voss A, Di Consiglio E, Testai E. Amiodarone biokinetics, the formation of its major oxidative metabolite and neurotoxicity after acute and repeated exposure of brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30: 192-202.
  • Turk U, Turk BG, Yılmaz SG, Tuncer E, Alioglu E, Dereli T. Amiodarone-induced multiorgan toxicity with ocular findings on confocal microscopy. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22: 258-60.
  • Lewis JH, Mullick F, Ishak KG, Ranard RC, Ragsdale B, Perse RM, Rusnock EJ, Wolke A, Benjamin SB, Seeff LB. Histopathologic analysis of suspected amiodarone hepatotoxicity. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 59–67.
  • Simon JB, Manley PN, Brien JF, Armstrong PW. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity simulating alcoholic liver disease. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 167–72.
  • Ray SD, Patel D, Wong V, Bagchi D. In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2000; 107: 137-66.
  • Ruch RJ, Bandyopadhyay S, Somani P, Klaunig JE. Evaluation of amiodarone free radical toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 1991; 56: 117-26.
  • Punithavathi VR, Prince PS. Combined effects of quercetin and alpha-tocopherol on lipids and glycoprotein components in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181, 322-27.
  • Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P, Senthil Kumar GP, Rajarajan T. Antidiabetic effect of S-allylcysteine: Effect on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in experimental diabetes. Phytomedicine 2010; 17: 1086-89.
  • Anadakumar P, Jagan S, Kamaraj S, Ramakrishnan G, Titto AA, Devaki T. Beneficial influence of capsaicin on lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzymes and glycoprotein profile during experimental lung carcinogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 803-08.
  • Lee NY, Park KY, Min HJ, Song KY, Lim YY, Park J, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Inhibitory effect of Vitamin U (S-methylmethionine sulfonium chloride) on differentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell lines. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24: 39-44.
  • Racz I, Paldi E, Szalai G, Janda T, Pal M, Lasztity D. S-methylmethionine reduces cell membrane damage in higher plants exposed to low-temperature stress. J Plant Physiol 2008; 165: 1483-90.
  • Seri K, Matsuo T, Asano M, Sato R, Kato T. Hypolipidemic effects of S-methylmethioine (Vitamin U) using various experimental procedures. Arzneimittelforschung 1978; 28: 1711-12.
  • Sokmen BB, Tunali S, Yanardag R. Food Chem. Toxicol 2012; 50: 3562-66.
  • Ichikawa T, Ito Y, Saegusa Y, Iwai T, Goso Y, Ikezawa T, Ishihara K. Effects of combination treatment with famotidine and methylmethionine sulfonium chloride on the mucus barrier of rat gastric mucosa, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 488-92.
  • Kim WS, Yang YJ, Min HG, Song MG, Lee JS, Park KY, Kim, JJ, Sung JH, Choi JS, Cha HJ. Accelerated wound healing by S-methylmethionine sulfonium: Evidence of dermal fibroblast activation via the ERK1/2 pathway. Pharmacology 2010; 85: 68-76.
  • Reasor MJ, McCloud CM, Beard TL, Ebert DC, Kacew S, Gardner MF, Aldem KA, Hostetler KY. Comparative evaluation of amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis and drug accumulation in Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicology 1996; 106: 139-47.
  • Zlatkis A, Zak B, Boyle AJ. A new method for the direct determination of serum cholesterol. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 41: 486-92.
  • Szasz G. A kinetic photometric method for serum -glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem 1969; 15: 124-36.
  • Karker H. Method for estimation of serum adenosine desaminase. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1964; 16: 570-74.
  • Ingram GIC, Hills M. Reference method for the one-stage prothrombin time test on human blood. International committee for standardization in hematology. Thromb Haemost 1976; 36: 237-38.
  • Dische Z, Shettles LB. A specific color reaction of methylpentoses and a spectrophotometric micromethod for their determination. J Biol Chem 1948; 175: 593-603.
  • Winzler RJ. Determination of serum glycoproteins. In: Glick, D.P. (Eds), Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Interscience Publishers, Inc. NewYork, 1955, pp. 279-311.
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough HJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75.
  • Seeff LB. Drug-induced liver injury is a major risk for new drugs. Dig Dis 2015; 33: 458-63.
  • Jaeschke H. Acetaminophen: dose-dependent drug hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in patients. Dig Dis 2015; 33: 464-71.
  • Kannan R, Pollak A, Singh BN. Elevation of serum lipids after chronic administration of amiodarone in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1982; 44: 19–26.
  • Kasim SE, Bagchi N, Brown TR, Khilnani S, Jackson K, Steinman RT, Lehmann MH. Amiodarone-induced changes in lipid metabolism. Horm Metab Res 1990; 22: 285-88.
  • Hudig G, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM. Amidoarone-induced hypercholesterolemia is associated with a decrease in liver LDL receptor mRNA. FEBS Letters 1994; 341: 86-90.
  • Seri K. Matsuo T, Taniguchi T, Amemiya K, Kudo M, Saito G, Kato M. Hypolipidemic effects of S-methylmethionine (vitamin U) using various experimental procedures. Arzneimittelforschung 1980; 30: 1694-703.
  • Aksakal E, Tanboga IH, Kurt M, Kaygın MA, Kaya A, Isik T, Ekinci M, Sevimli S, Acikel M. The relation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase leves with coronary lesion complexity and long-term outcome in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2012; 221: 596-601.
  • Belaid-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Haouas Z, Flehi-Slim I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Cheikh HB. Fenugreek seeds, a hepatoprotector forage crop against chronic AlCl3 toxicity. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9: 1-9.
  • Müller LG, Pase CS, Reckziegel P, Barcelos RC, Boufleur N, Prado AC, Fett R, Block JM, Pavanato MA, Bauermann LF, Da Rocha JB, Burger ME. Hepatoprotective effects of pecan nut shells on ethanol-induced liver damage. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2013; 65: 165-71.
  • Borlak J, Chougule A, Singh PK. How useful are clinical liver function tests in in vitro human hepatotoxicities assays?. Toxicology 2014; 28: 784-95.
  • Aghaei M, Karami-Tehrani F, Salami S, Atri M. Adenosine deaminase activity in serum and malignant tumors of breast cancer: the assessment of isoenzyme ADA1 and ADA2 activities. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 887-91.
  • Sehitoglu I, Tumkaya L, Bedir R, Ozer E, Cure MC, Kalkan Y, Yuce S, Cure E. Protective effect of infliximab against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2015; 34: 175-82.
  • Bächli E. History of tissue factor. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 248-55.
  • Danese S, Papa A, Saibeni S, Repici A, Malesci A, Vecchi M. Inflammation and coagulation in inflammatory bowel disease: The clot thickens. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 174-86.
  • Emekli-Alturfan E, Kasikci E, Yarat A. Tissue factor activities of streptozotocin induced diabetic rat and the effect of peanut consumption. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 653-58.
  • Minus P, Patrignani P, Gaino S, Degan M, Meapace L, Tommasoli R, Seta F, Capone ML, Tacconelli S, Palatresi S, Bencini C, Del Vecchio C, Mansueto G, Arosio E, Santonastaso CL, Lechi A, Morganti A, Patrono C. Increased oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients with hypertension and renovascular disease. Circulation 2002; 106: 2800-05.
  • Thakkar V, Patel P, Prajapati N, Kaur R, Nandave M. Serum levels of glycoproteins are elevated in patients with ovarian cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem, 2014; 29: 345-350.
  • Sonawane A, Mohanty S, Jagannathan L, Bekolay A, Banerjee S. Role of glycans and glycoproteins in disease development by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38: 250–66.
  • Janega P, Cerná A, Kholová I, Brabencová E, Babál P. Sialic acid expression in autoimmune thyroiditis. Acta Histochem 2002; 104: 343–47.
  • Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Alsaif MA, Chandramnohan G, Al-Numair NS, Pugalendi KV. Protective effect of CArdiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2012; 5: 939-44.
  • Senthilkumar R, Nalini N. The potential beneficial effect of glycine on the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in an experimental model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. J Med Food 2004; 7: 108-13.

Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 131 - 136, 22.02.2016

Öz

Bu çalışmada, amiodarone (AMD) ile oluşturulan hepatotoksisite üzerine U Vitamini (Vit U)’nin koruyucu etkisi araştırıldı. Erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanlar rastgele dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup I; 7 gün boyunca mısır özü yağı verilen kontrol grubu, Grup 2; 7 gün boyunca Vit U (50 mg/kg) verilen hayvanlar, Grup III; 7 gün boyunca AMD (100 mg/kg) verilen hayvanlar ve Grup IV; aynı doz ve sürede AMD ve Vit U verilen hayvanlar. AMD ve Vit U sıçanlara gavaj yöntemiyle verildi

Kaynakça

  • Nasser M, Larsen TR, Waanbah B, Sidiqi I, McCullough PA. Hyperacute drug-induced hepatitis with intravenous amiodarone: Case resport and review of the literature. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2013; 5: 191-98.
  • Babatin M, Lee SS, Pollak PT. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2008; 6: 228-36.
  • Vitins AP, Kienhuis AS, Speksnijder EN, Roodbergen M, Lujiten M, van der Ven LT. Mechanisms of amiodarone and valproic acid induced liver steatosis in mouse in vivo act as a template for other hepatotoxicity models. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88: 1573-88.
  • Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Stavreva G, Dancheva V, Terziev L, Atanasova M, Stoyanova A, Dimitrova A, Shopova V. Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on amiodarone-induced pneumotoxicity in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10: 132-40.
  • Luciani R, Falcone C, Principe F, Punzo G, Menè P. Acute renal failure due to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. Clin Nephrol 2009; 72: 79-80.
  • Jabrocka-Hybel A, Bednarczuk T, Bartalena L, Pach D, Ruchala M, Kamiński G, Kostecka-Matyja M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66: 176-86.
  • Pomponio G, Zurich MG, Schultz L, Weiss DG, Romanelli L, Gramowski-Voss A, Di Consiglio E, Testai E. Amiodarone biokinetics, the formation of its major oxidative metabolite and neurotoxicity after acute and repeated exposure of brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30: 192-202.
  • Turk U, Turk BG, Yılmaz SG, Tuncer E, Alioglu E, Dereli T. Amiodarone-induced multiorgan toxicity with ocular findings on confocal microscopy. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22: 258-60.
  • Lewis JH, Mullick F, Ishak KG, Ranard RC, Ragsdale B, Perse RM, Rusnock EJ, Wolke A, Benjamin SB, Seeff LB. Histopathologic analysis of suspected amiodarone hepatotoxicity. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 59–67.
  • Simon JB, Manley PN, Brien JF, Armstrong PW. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity simulating alcoholic liver disease. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 167–72.
  • Ray SD, Patel D, Wong V, Bagchi D. In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2000; 107: 137-66.
  • Ruch RJ, Bandyopadhyay S, Somani P, Klaunig JE. Evaluation of amiodarone free radical toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 1991; 56: 117-26.
  • Punithavathi VR, Prince PS. Combined effects of quercetin and alpha-tocopherol on lipids and glycoprotein components in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181, 322-27.
  • Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P, Senthil Kumar GP, Rajarajan T. Antidiabetic effect of S-allylcysteine: Effect on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in experimental diabetes. Phytomedicine 2010; 17: 1086-89.
  • Anadakumar P, Jagan S, Kamaraj S, Ramakrishnan G, Titto AA, Devaki T. Beneficial influence of capsaicin on lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzymes and glycoprotein profile during experimental lung carcinogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 803-08.
  • Lee NY, Park KY, Min HJ, Song KY, Lim YY, Park J, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Inhibitory effect of Vitamin U (S-methylmethionine sulfonium chloride) on differentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell lines. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24: 39-44.
  • Racz I, Paldi E, Szalai G, Janda T, Pal M, Lasztity D. S-methylmethionine reduces cell membrane damage in higher plants exposed to low-temperature stress. J Plant Physiol 2008; 165: 1483-90.
  • Seri K, Matsuo T, Asano M, Sato R, Kato T. Hypolipidemic effects of S-methylmethioine (Vitamin U) using various experimental procedures. Arzneimittelforschung 1978; 28: 1711-12.
  • Sokmen BB, Tunali S, Yanardag R. Food Chem. Toxicol 2012; 50: 3562-66.
  • Ichikawa T, Ito Y, Saegusa Y, Iwai T, Goso Y, Ikezawa T, Ishihara K. Effects of combination treatment with famotidine and methylmethionine sulfonium chloride on the mucus barrier of rat gastric mucosa, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 488-92.
  • Kim WS, Yang YJ, Min HG, Song MG, Lee JS, Park KY, Kim, JJ, Sung JH, Choi JS, Cha HJ. Accelerated wound healing by S-methylmethionine sulfonium: Evidence of dermal fibroblast activation via the ERK1/2 pathway. Pharmacology 2010; 85: 68-76.
  • Reasor MJ, McCloud CM, Beard TL, Ebert DC, Kacew S, Gardner MF, Aldem KA, Hostetler KY. Comparative evaluation of amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis and drug accumulation in Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicology 1996; 106: 139-47.
  • Zlatkis A, Zak B, Boyle AJ. A new method for the direct determination of serum cholesterol. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 41: 486-92.
  • Szasz G. A kinetic photometric method for serum -glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem 1969; 15: 124-36.
  • Karker H. Method for estimation of serum adenosine desaminase. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1964; 16: 570-74.
  • Ingram GIC, Hills M. Reference method for the one-stage prothrombin time test on human blood. International committee for standardization in hematology. Thromb Haemost 1976; 36: 237-38.
  • Dische Z, Shettles LB. A specific color reaction of methylpentoses and a spectrophotometric micromethod for their determination. J Biol Chem 1948; 175: 593-603.
  • Winzler RJ. Determination of serum glycoproteins. In: Glick, D.P. (Eds), Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Interscience Publishers, Inc. NewYork, 1955, pp. 279-311.
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough HJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75.
  • Seeff LB. Drug-induced liver injury is a major risk for new drugs. Dig Dis 2015; 33: 458-63.
  • Jaeschke H. Acetaminophen: dose-dependent drug hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in patients. Dig Dis 2015; 33: 464-71.
  • Kannan R, Pollak A, Singh BN. Elevation of serum lipids after chronic administration of amiodarone in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1982; 44: 19–26.
  • Kasim SE, Bagchi N, Brown TR, Khilnani S, Jackson K, Steinman RT, Lehmann MH. Amiodarone-induced changes in lipid metabolism. Horm Metab Res 1990; 22: 285-88.
  • Hudig G, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM. Amidoarone-induced hypercholesterolemia is associated with a decrease in liver LDL receptor mRNA. FEBS Letters 1994; 341: 86-90.
  • Seri K. Matsuo T, Taniguchi T, Amemiya K, Kudo M, Saito G, Kato M. Hypolipidemic effects of S-methylmethionine (vitamin U) using various experimental procedures. Arzneimittelforschung 1980; 30: 1694-703.
  • Aksakal E, Tanboga IH, Kurt M, Kaygın MA, Kaya A, Isik T, Ekinci M, Sevimli S, Acikel M. The relation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase leves with coronary lesion complexity and long-term outcome in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2012; 221: 596-601.
  • Belaid-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Haouas Z, Flehi-Slim I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Cheikh HB. Fenugreek seeds, a hepatoprotector forage crop against chronic AlCl3 toxicity. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9: 1-9.
  • Müller LG, Pase CS, Reckziegel P, Barcelos RC, Boufleur N, Prado AC, Fett R, Block JM, Pavanato MA, Bauermann LF, Da Rocha JB, Burger ME. Hepatoprotective effects of pecan nut shells on ethanol-induced liver damage. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2013; 65: 165-71.
  • Borlak J, Chougule A, Singh PK. How useful are clinical liver function tests in in vitro human hepatotoxicities assays?. Toxicology 2014; 28: 784-95.
  • Aghaei M, Karami-Tehrani F, Salami S, Atri M. Adenosine deaminase activity in serum and malignant tumors of breast cancer: the assessment of isoenzyme ADA1 and ADA2 activities. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 887-91.
  • Sehitoglu I, Tumkaya L, Bedir R, Ozer E, Cure MC, Kalkan Y, Yuce S, Cure E. Protective effect of infliximab against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2015; 34: 175-82.
  • Bächli E. History of tissue factor. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 248-55.
  • Danese S, Papa A, Saibeni S, Repici A, Malesci A, Vecchi M. Inflammation and coagulation in inflammatory bowel disease: The clot thickens. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 174-86.
  • Emekli-Alturfan E, Kasikci E, Yarat A. Tissue factor activities of streptozotocin induced diabetic rat and the effect of peanut consumption. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 653-58.
  • Minus P, Patrignani P, Gaino S, Degan M, Meapace L, Tommasoli R, Seta F, Capone ML, Tacconelli S, Palatresi S, Bencini C, Del Vecchio C, Mansueto G, Arosio E, Santonastaso CL, Lechi A, Morganti A, Patrono C. Increased oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients with hypertension and renovascular disease. Circulation 2002; 106: 2800-05.
  • Thakkar V, Patel P, Prajapati N, Kaur R, Nandave M. Serum levels of glycoproteins are elevated in patients with ovarian cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem, 2014; 29: 345-350.
  • Sonawane A, Mohanty S, Jagannathan L, Bekolay A, Banerjee S. Role of glycans and glycoproteins in disease development by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38: 250–66.
  • Janega P, Cerná A, Kholová I, Brabencová E, Babál P. Sialic acid expression in autoimmune thyroiditis. Acta Histochem 2002; 104: 343–47.
  • Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Alsaif MA, Chandramnohan G, Al-Numair NS, Pugalendi KV. Protective effect of CArdiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2012; 5: 939-44.
  • Senthilkumar R, Nalini N. The potential beneficial effect of glycine on the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in an experimental model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. J Med Food 2004; 7: 108-13.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsmet Burcu Turkyilmaz

Refiye Yanardag

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Turkyilmaz, İ. B., & Yanardag, R. (2016). Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 20(2), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162062716
AMA Turkyilmaz İB, Yanardag R. Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver. mpj. Şubat 2016;20(2):131-136. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162062716
Chicago Turkyilmaz, İsmet Burcu, ve Refiye Yanardag. “Vitamin U Ameliorates Glycoprotein Components, Enzyme and Tissue Factor Activities of Amiodarone Toxicity in Liver”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20, sy. 2 (Şubat 2016): 131-36. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162062716.
EndNote Turkyilmaz İB, Yanardag R (01 Şubat 2016) Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20 2 131–136.
IEEE İ. B. Turkyilmaz ve R. Yanardag, “Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver”, mpj, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 131–136, 2016, doi: 10.12991/mpj.20162062716.
ISNAD Turkyilmaz, İsmet Burcu - Yanardag, Refiye. “Vitamin U Ameliorates Glycoprotein Components, Enzyme and Tissue Factor Activities of Amiodarone Toxicity in Liver”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20/2 (Şubat 2016), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162062716.
JAMA Turkyilmaz İB, Yanardag R. Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver. mpj. 2016;20:131–136.
MLA Turkyilmaz, İsmet Burcu ve Refiye Yanardag. “Vitamin U Ameliorates Glycoprotein Components, Enzyme and Tissue Factor Activities of Amiodarone Toxicity in Liver”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, c. 20, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 131-6, doi:10.12991/mpj.20162062716.
Vancouver Turkyilmaz İB, Yanardag R. Vitamin U ameliorates glycoprotein components, enzyme and tissue factor activities of amiodarone toxicity in liver. mpj. 2016;20(2):131-6.