Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 202 - 211, 24.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1101875

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, S., Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Turner, A., &, M. (2018). Microplastics in different tissues of Hassanaghaei fish and prawn from the Musa Estuary, Persian Gulf. Chemosphere, 205, 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.076
  • Ahmed, Q., & Bat, L. (2015). Heavy metal levels in Euthynnus affinis (Cantor 1849) Kawakawa fish marketed at Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan and potential risk to human health. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 21(1), 35-44.
  • Ahmed, Q., Ali, Q. M., Bat, L., Öztekin, A., Memon, S., & Baloch, A. (2022). Preliminary study on abundance of microplastic in sediments and water samples along the coast of Pakistan (Sindh and Balochistan)-Northern Arabian Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(SI). In press. https://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS19998
  • Ahmed, Q., Bat, L., & Yousuf, F. (2015). Heavy metals in Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Karachi coasts, Pakistan. Journal of Marine Biology, 2015, 132768. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/132768
  • Ahmed, Q., Bat, L., Öztekin, A., & Ali, Q. M. (2018). A review on studies of heavy metal determination in mackerel and tuna (Family-Scombridae) fishes. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(3), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.425382
  • Ahmed, Q., Bilgin, S., & Bat, L. (2016). Length based growth estimation of most commercially important Scombridae from offshore water of Pakistan Coast in the Arabian Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 155-167. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v16_1_16
  • Arthur, C., Baker, J., & Bamford, H. (2009). Proceedings of the international research workshop on the occurrence, effects, and fate of microplastic marine debris. NOAA marine debris program. Technical memorandum NOS-OR&R-30.
  • Athey, S. N., Albotra, S. D., Gordon, C. A., Monteleone, B., Seaton, P., Andrady, A. L., Taylor, A. R., & Brander, S. M. (2020). Trophic transfer of microplastics in an estuarine food chain and the effects of a sorbed legacy pollutant Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10130
  • Aytan, U., Esensoy, F. B., & Senturk, Y. (2022a). Microplastic ingestion and egestion by copepods in the Black Sea. Science of The Total Environment, 806, 150921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150921
  • Aytan, U., Esensoy, F. B., Senturk, Y., Arifoğlu, E., Karaoğlu, K., Ceylan, Y., & Valente, A. (2022b). Plastic occurrence in commercial fish species of the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(SI), In press. http://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS20504
  • Balasubramaniam, M., & Phillott, A. D. (2016). Preliminary observations of microplastics from beaches in the Indian ocean. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter, 23, 13-16.
  • Barboza, L. G. A., Lopes, C., Oliveira, P., Bessa, F., Otero, V., Henriques, B., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Vale, C., & Guilhermino, L. (2020). Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion exposure. Science of The Total Environment, 717, 134625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625
  • Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., & Martínez-Gómez, C. (2016). Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine pollution bulletin, 109(1), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.026
  • Brennecke, D., Duarte, B., Paiva, F., Caçador, I., & Canning-Clode, J. (2016). Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 178, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003
  • Carpenter, E. J., Anderson, S. J., Harvey, G. R., Miklas, H. P., & Peck, B. B. (1972). Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters. Science, 178(4062), 749-750. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4062.749
  • Cincinelli, A., Martellini, T., Guerranti, C., Scopetani, C., Chelazzi, D., & Giarrizzo, T. (2019). A potpourri of microplastics in the sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.026
  • Collard, F., Gilbert, B., Eppe, G., Roos, L., Compère, P., Das, K., & Parmentier, E. (2017). Morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particles. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.067
  • De Felice, B., Sabatini, V., Antenucci, S., Gattoni, G., Santo, N., Bacchetta, R., Ortenzi, M., & Parolini, M. (2019). Polystyrene microplastics ingestion induced behavioral effects to the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Chemosphere, 231, 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.115
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  • Güven, O., Gökdağ, K., Jovanović, B., & Kıdeyş, A. E. (2017). Microplastic litter composition of the Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Environmental Pollution, 223, 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.025
  • Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6), 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
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Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 202 - 211, 24.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1101875

Öz

Microplastics are one of the major pollution problems nowadays, have been found in both marine environments and various fish species worldwide. In this study, the presence of microplastics in the digestive systems and the gills of 6 species from the Scombridae family on the coast of Karachi in Pakistan was investigated. A total of 336 fish were examined for the presence of microplastic in gills and the digestive systems. Microplastics were detected in digestive systems and gills in 11.11%-19.51% and 58.62%-85.71% of total individuals, respectively. The number of microplastics varied from 0.19 to 1.12 items.ind-1 in digestive system and 1.5 to 7.04 items.ind-1 in gill. Fibre was dominant in both gills (98.67-99.17%) and digestive systems (100%). More extensive and further investigations are needed on microplastic contamination of the biota on the Pakistan coast.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, S., Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Turner, A., &, M. (2018). Microplastics in different tissues of Hassanaghaei fish and prawn from the Musa Estuary, Persian Gulf. Chemosphere, 205, 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.076
  • Ahmed, Q., & Bat, L. (2015). Heavy metal levels in Euthynnus affinis (Cantor 1849) Kawakawa fish marketed at Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan and potential risk to human health. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 21(1), 35-44.
  • Ahmed, Q., Ali, Q. M., Bat, L., Öztekin, A., Memon, S., & Baloch, A. (2022). Preliminary study on abundance of microplastic in sediments and water samples along the coast of Pakistan (Sindh and Balochistan)-Northern Arabian Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(SI). In press. https://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS19998
  • Ahmed, Q., Bat, L., & Yousuf, F. (2015). Heavy metals in Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Karachi coasts, Pakistan. Journal of Marine Biology, 2015, 132768. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/132768
  • Ahmed, Q., Bat, L., Öztekin, A., & Ali, Q. M. (2018). A review on studies of heavy metal determination in mackerel and tuna (Family-Scombridae) fishes. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(3), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.425382
  • Ahmed, Q., Bilgin, S., & Bat, L. (2016). Length based growth estimation of most commercially important Scombridae from offshore water of Pakistan Coast in the Arabian Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 155-167. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v16_1_16
  • Arthur, C., Baker, J., & Bamford, H. (2009). Proceedings of the international research workshop on the occurrence, effects, and fate of microplastic marine debris. NOAA marine debris program. Technical memorandum NOS-OR&R-30.
  • Athey, S. N., Albotra, S. D., Gordon, C. A., Monteleone, B., Seaton, P., Andrady, A. L., Taylor, A. R., & Brander, S. M. (2020). Trophic transfer of microplastics in an estuarine food chain and the effects of a sorbed legacy pollutant Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10130
  • Aytan, U., Esensoy, F. B., & Senturk, Y. (2022a). Microplastic ingestion and egestion by copepods in the Black Sea. Science of The Total Environment, 806, 150921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150921
  • Aytan, U., Esensoy, F. B., Senturk, Y., Arifoğlu, E., Karaoğlu, K., Ceylan, Y., & Valente, A. (2022b). Plastic occurrence in commercial fish species of the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(SI), In press. http://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS20504
  • Balasubramaniam, M., & Phillott, A. D. (2016). Preliminary observations of microplastics from beaches in the Indian ocean. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter, 23, 13-16.
  • Barboza, L. G. A., Lopes, C., Oliveira, P., Bessa, F., Otero, V., Henriques, B., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Vale, C., & Guilhermino, L. (2020). Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion exposure. Science of The Total Environment, 717, 134625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625
  • Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., & Martínez-Gómez, C. (2016). Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine pollution bulletin, 109(1), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.026
  • Brennecke, D., Duarte, B., Paiva, F., Caçador, I., & Canning-Clode, J. (2016). Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 178, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003
  • Carpenter, E. J., Anderson, S. J., Harvey, G. R., Miklas, H. P., & Peck, B. B. (1972). Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters. Science, 178(4062), 749-750. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4062.749
  • Cincinelli, A., Martellini, T., Guerranti, C., Scopetani, C., Chelazzi, D., & Giarrizzo, T. (2019). A potpourri of microplastics in the sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.026
  • Collard, F., Gilbert, B., Eppe, G., Roos, L., Compère, P., Das, K., & Parmentier, E. (2017). Morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particles. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.067
  • De Felice, B., Sabatini, V., Antenucci, S., Gattoni, G., Santo, N., Bacchetta, R., Ortenzi, M., & Parolini, M. (2019). Polystyrene microplastics ingestion induced behavioral effects to the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Chemosphere, 231, 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.115
  • FAO. (2019). Global capture production quantity (1950-2019) Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en/capture/capture_quantity
  • Farrell, P., & Nelson, K. (2013). Trophic level transfer of microplastic: Mytilus edulis (L.) to Carcinus maenas (L.). Environmental Pollution, 177, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.046
  • Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (Eds.). (2021). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (08/2021)
  • Gregory, M. R. (2009). Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings—entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2013-2025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0265
  • Güven, O., Gökdağ, K., Jovanović, B., & Kıdeyş, A. E. (2017). Microplastic litter composition of the Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Environmental Pollution, 223, 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.025
  • Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6), 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
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  • Isobe, A., Uchiyama-Matsumoto, K., Uchida, K., & Tokai, T. (2017). Microplastics in the Southern Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1), 623-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.037
  • Ivar do Sul, J. A., Costa, M. F., & Fillmann, G. (2014). Microplastics in the pelagic environment around oceanic islands of the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 225(7), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2004-z
  • Jaafar, N., Azfaralariff, A., Musa, S. M., Mohamed, M., Yusoff, A. H., & Lazim, A. M. (2021). Occurrence, distribution and characteristics of microplastics in gastrointestinal tract and gills of commercial marine fish from Malaysia. Science of The Total Environment, 799, 149457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149457
  • James, K., Vasant, K., Padua, S., Gopinath, V., Abilash, K. S., Jeyabaskaran, R., Babu, A., & John, S. (2020). An assessment of microplastics in the ecosystem and selected commercially important fishes off Kochi, southeastern Arabian Sea, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154, 111027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111027
  • James, K., Vasant, K., Sikkander Batcha, SM, S.B., Padua, S., Jeyabaskaran, R., Thirumalaiselvan, S., Vineetha, G., & Benjamin, L. V. (2021). Seasonal variability in the distribution of microplastics in the coastal ecosystems and in some commercially important fishes of the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, Southeast coast of India. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101558
  • Joy, M. K., & Death, R. G. (2002). Predictive modelling of freshwater fish as a biomonitoring tool in New Zealand. Freshwater Biology, 47(11), 2261-2275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00954.x
  • Karbalaei, S., Golieskardi, A., Hamzah, H. B., Abdulwahid, S., Hanachi, P., Walker, T. R., & Karami, A. (2019). Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in commercial marine fish from Malaysia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 148, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.072
  • Koongolla, J. B., Lin, L., Pan, Y. F., Yang, C. P., Sun, D. R., Liu, S., Xu, X. R., Maharana, D., Huang, J. S., & Li, H. X. (2020). Occurrence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts and gills of fish from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Environmental Pollution, 258, 113734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113734
  • LeMoine, C. M., Kelleher, B. M., Lagarde, R., Northam, C., Elebute, O. O., & Cassone, B. J. (2018). Transcriptional effects of polyethylene microplastics ingestion in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental Pollution, 243, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.084
  • Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., & Shi, H. (2015). Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environmental Pollution, 207, 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.018
  • Lin, L., Ma, L. S., Li, H. X., Pan, Y. F., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Peng, J. P., Fok, L., Xu, X. R., & He, W. H. (2020). Low level of microplastic contamination in wild fish from an urban estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 160, 111650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111650
  • Maaghloud, H., Houssa, R., Ouansafi, S., Bellali, F., El Bouqdaoui, K., Charouki, N., & Fahde, A. (2020). Ingestion of microplastics by pelagic fish from the Moroccan Central Atlantic coast. Environmental Pollution, 261, 114194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114194
  • Mato, Y., Isobe, T., Takada, H., Kanehiro, H., Ohtake, C., & Kaminuma, T. (2001). Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(2), 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0010498
  • Messinetti, S., Mercurio, S., Parolini, M., Sugni, M., & Pennati, R. (2018). Effects of polystyrene microplastics on early stages of two marine invertebrates with different feeding strategies. Environmental Pollution, 237, 1080-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.030
  • Mizraji, R., Ahrendt, C., Perez-Venegas, D., Vargas, J., Pulgar, J., Aldana, M., Ojeda, F. P., Duarte, C., & Galbán-Malagón, C. (2017). Is the feeding type related with the content of microplastics in intertidal fish gut?. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2), 498-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.008
  • Murray, F., & Cowie, P. R. (2011). Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(6), 1207-1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.032
  • Napper, I. E., & Thompson, R. C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 112(1-2), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
  • Neves, D., Sobral, P., Ferreira, J. L., & Pereira, T. (2015). Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008
  • Oehlmann, J., Schulte-Oehlmann, U., Kloas, W., Jagnytsch, O., Lutz, I., Kusk, K. O., Wollenberger, L., Santos, E. M., Paull, G. C., Van Look, K. J. W., & Tyler, C. R. (2009). A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2047-2062. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0242
  • Olson, K. R. (2011). Design and physiology of arteries and veins: Branchial anatomy. In A. P. Farrell (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment (pp. 1095-1103). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00048-4
  • Ory, N. C., Sobral, P., Ferreira, J. L., & Thiel, M. (2017). Amberstripe scad Decapterus muroadsi (Carangidae) fish ingest blue microplastics resembling their copepod prey along the coast of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific subtropical gyre. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.175
  • Ory, N., Chagnon, C., Felix, F., Fernández, C., Ferreira, J. L., Gallardo, C., Ordóñez, O. G., Henostroza, A., Laaz, E., Mizraji, R., Mojica, H., Haro, V. M., Medina, L. O., Preciado, M., Sobral, P., Urbina, M. A., & Thiel, M. (2018). Low prevalence of microplastic contamination in planktivorous fish species from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 127, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.016
  • Qaimkhani, A. M. (2018). The Marine Litter Action Plan- Status Report (Pakistan), pp.43
  • Roch, S., Friedrich, C., & Brinker, A. (2020). Uptake routes of microplastics in fishes: practical and theoretical approaches to test existing theories. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60630-1
  • Rombough, P. (2007). The functional ontogeny of the teleost gill: which comes first, gas or ion exchange?. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 148(4), 732-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.007
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  • Sun, X., Li, Q., Zhu, M., Liang, J., Zheng, S., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Ingestion of microplastics by natural zooplankton groups in the northern South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 115(1-2), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.004
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  • Thushari, G. G. N., Senevirathna, J. D. M., Yakupitiyage, A., & Chavanich, S. (2017). Effects of microplastics on sessile invertebrates in Thailand: an approach to coastal zone conservation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(1), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.010
  • Wesch, C., Bredimus, K., Paulus, M., & Klein, R. (2016). Towards the suitable monitoring of ingestion of microplastics by marine biota: A review. Environmental pollution, 218, 1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.076
  • Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C., & Galloway, T. S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environmental Pollution, 178, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031
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Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Farzana Yousuf 0000-0002-6324-362X

Levent Bat 0000-0002-2289-6691

Ayşah Öztekin 0000-0002-3726-7134

Qadeer Mohammad Ali 0000-0002-0499-0801

Quratulan Ahmed 0000-0002-7597-2483

Iqra Shaikh 0000-0003-2482-1631

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yousuf, F., Bat, L., Öztekin, A., Ali, Q. M., vd. (2022). Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 11(2), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1101875
AMA Yousuf F, Bat L, Öztekin A, Ali QM, Ahmed Q, Shaikh I. Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. Haziran 2022;11(2):202-211. doi:10.33714/masteb.1101875
Chicago Yousuf, Farzana, Levent Bat, Ayşah Öztekin, Qadeer Mohammad Ali, Quratulan Ahmed, ve Iqra Shaikh. “Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 11, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 202-11. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1101875.
EndNote Yousuf F, Bat L, Öztekin A, Ali QM, Ahmed Q, Shaikh I (01 Haziran 2022) Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 11 2 202–211.
IEEE F. Yousuf, L. Bat, A. Öztekin, Q. M. Ali, Q. Ahmed, ve I. Shaikh, “Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan”, Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 202–211, 2022, doi: 10.33714/masteb.1101875.
ISNAD Yousuf, Farzana vd. “Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 11/2 (Haziran 2022), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1101875.
JAMA Yousuf F, Bat L, Öztekin A, Ali QM, Ahmed Q, Shaikh I. Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2022;11:202–211.
MLA Yousuf, Farzana vd. “Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, c. 11, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 202-11, doi:10.33714/masteb.1101875.
Vancouver Yousuf F, Bat L, Öztekin A, Ali QM, Ahmed Q, Shaikh I. Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2022;11(2):202-11.

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