Disk Üstünde Pim Tribometre Tasarımı ve İmalatı
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 31 - 42, 30.05.2024
Korcan Küçüköztaş
,
İlker Talay
,
Fatih Çalışkan
,
Mustafa Elsakka
,
Mohammed Nassar
,
Bilgin Kaftanoğlu
Öz
Bu makalenin ele almış olduğu projenin konusu, bir disk üstünde pim tribometre tasarımı ve imalatıdır. Tasarlanmış tribometrenin karşılaması gereken gereksinimler; 0-1400 mm/s arası hızda, 0-10 N arası normal yükte ve 6 mm 100 Cr6 çelik veya alümina (Al2O3) top ile deney yapılabilmesidir. Tribometrenin gerekli parçaları ATILIM Üniversitesi İmalat Laboratuvarı’nda CNC tezgâh kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tribometre tasarlanırken, taşınabilirlik, hafiflik, düşük maliyet ve deney sırasında gerçek zamanlı bir şekilde veri akışı sağlanabilmesi en önemli öncelikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda tasarım ve üretim süreçlerinde ASTM G99 ve G115 standartları göz önünde tutulmuştur. Düzenek kurulurken, sürtünme katsayısını hesaplamak amacıyla veri toplama işlemi için bir yük hücresi kullanılmıştır. Hız gereksinimini karşılayacak bir adım motoru seçilmiştir. “Arduino” aracılığı ile kontrol edilebilecek şekilde kod yazılıp, veri toplamak ve sürtünme katsayısının grafiğini gerçek zamanlı olarak elde etmek için Microsoft Excel’in “Data Streamer” eklentisi kullanılmıştır. Bu şekilde hem deney sırasında hem de deneyin tamamlanması ardından veri işleme görevleri yapılabilmektedir. Sunulan cihaz, CSM tarafından üretilmiş, profesyonel bir disk üstünde pim tribometre ile deneysel ortamda karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalarda aynı parametreler ve aynı şekilde hazırlanmış numuneler kullanılmıştır. Numune hazırlama süreçleri detaylı bir biçimde belirtilmiştir. Testler sırasında 100Cr6 çelik top kullanılmış olup, cihazın alümina (Al2O3) topları ile de deney yapabilme kabiliyeti vardır. Alümina (Al2O3) topların kullanım alanları ve çelik toplardan farkları, nedenleri ile belirtilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalar sonucunda, sunulan tribometre ile CSM tribometreden alınan sürtünme katsayısı verileri karşılaştırılabilir bir oranda çıkmıştır. Proje, tanımlanan gereksinimleri karşılamış ve başarılı bir şekilde sonlandırılmıştır.
Teşekkür
Yazarlar, akademik destek ve tavsiyeleri için Dr. Şakir Baytaroğlu'na, test verileri sağlama ve araştırma rehberliği konusundaki yardımları için ATILIM Üniversitesi Metal Şekillendirme Mükemmeliyet Merkezi'ne ve ayrıca tribometre enstrümanının parçalarının imalatında yardımcı olan ATILIM İmalat Laboratuvarı personeline içten teşekkürlerini sunar.
Kaynakça
- Hoic, M., & Hrgetic, M. & Deur, J., Design of a pin-on-disc-type CNC tribometer including an automotive dry clutch application, Mechatronics, 40 (2016), 220-232.
- Suryawanshi, A. & Behera, N., A Review: In Vitro Investigation of Dental Composite Materials and Tooth Enamel by Using Pin-on-Disc Tribometer, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation, 483-490, Springer, 2020.
- Galvão, C. F. F., Slavec, G. A., Menardi, P. L. D. A., Gonçalves, A. C., Chavarette, F. R., & Outa, R., Design and Construction of a Pin-On-Disk Experimental Bench to Determine the Fr ct on Coeff c ent of Mater als, 25th ABCM Internat onal Congress of Mechan cal Eng neer ng COB-2019-1689, São Paulo State University, 2019.
- Chlum, B., Hanson, K., Lindsay, S., Pascoe, B., Multi-Function Tribometer, University of Michigan, Project Report, April 2010.
- Pavković, D., Kranjčević, N., Kostelac, M., Herold, Z. and Deur, J., Normal force control for a pin-on-disk tribometer including active or passive suppression of vertical vibrations, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 488-493, IEEE, 2012.
- Wassie, Shimelis. Redesign of a pin-on-disc tribometer focusing on blast furnace off-gas dust. 2014.
- Kaleli, H., New Universal Tribometer as Pin or Ball-on-Disc and Reciprocating Pin-on-Plate Types, Tribology in Industry, 38 (2016), 235-240.
- Velkavrh, I., Lüchinger, M., Kern, K., Klien, S., Ausserer, F., Voyer, J., Diem, A., Schreiner, M., Tillmann, W., Using a standard pin-on-disc tribometer to analyse friction in a metal forming process, Tribology International, 114 (2017), 418-428.
- Borjali, A., Monson, K., Raeymaekers, B., Friction between a polyethylene pin and a microtextured CoCrMo disc, and its correlation to polyethylene wear, as a function of sliding velocity and contact pressure, in the context of metal-on-polyethylene prosthetic hip implants, Tribology International, 127 (2018), 568-574.
- Chen, S., Yin, N., Yu, Q., Zhang, Z., A novel tribometer for investigating bushing wear, Wear, 430 (2019), 263-271.
- Zhou, Y., Tian, Y., Meng, S., Zhang, S., Xing, X., Yang, Q., & Li, D., Open-source tribometer with high repeatability: Development and performance assessment. Tribology International, 184 (2023).
- Adams, R., ―Tribometer‖, US Patent 9,581,534 B2, 28 Feb. 2011.
- Kobayashi, T., Suzuki, E., Uchiyama, Y., ―Pin-on-disk type wear testing device‖, US Patent 4,966,030, 30 Oct. 1990
- American Society for Testing Materials Standard G99, 2005, ―Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus‖, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- American Society for Testing Materials Standard G115, 2004, ―Standard Guide for Measuring And Reporting Friction Coefficients‖, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Design and Manufacturing of a Pin on Disk Tribometer
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 31 - 42, 30.05.2024
Korcan Küçüköztaş
,
İlker Talay
,
Fatih Çalışkan
,
Mustafa Elsakka
,
Mohammed Nassar
,
Bilgin Kaftanoğlu
Öz
This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a pin on disk tribometer aimed at performing friction and wear testing as accurate as a professional tribometer at a lower cost. Since friction is an important part of our lives and its application varies greatly in size, environment and other factors, testing can be expensive. Tribometers are instruments where these conditions can be simulated experimentally. They are manufactured by various companies abroad and are imported to Turkey. For this reason, the cost of these instruments is very high. The design of the proposed tribometer prioritizes portability and low cost of manufacturing. The manufacturing process of the various parts are discussed in detail. The tribometer was manufactured in the ATILIM University manufacturing laboratories within a tight budget using CNC machining. The instrument has the full capability to adjust the load, testing radius, motor speed, and the duration of the test before starting the experiments. To handle the electronics and data gathering within the instrument, Arduino boards and software are utilized. Real-time data streaming is made possible for data analysis tasks both during and after the experiments. The paper also provides the results of experiments that are obtained from the newly developed tribometer and comparisons with a mass produced, professional tribometer. The experiments are conducted with the same type of samples and with the same parameters. The proposed tribometer provides researchers with easily accessible friction data that is within close range to what they would get from a professional tribometer.
Teşekkür
The authors are grateful to Dr. Şakir Baytaroğlu for their academic assistance and advice, ATILIM University Metal Forming Center of Excellence for its help in providing test data and research guidance and additionally, sincere thanks goes to the staff of the ATILIM Manufacturing Laborarory for their help in manufacturing the parts of the instrument.
Kaynakça
- Hoic, M., & Hrgetic, M. & Deur, J., Design of a pin-on-disc-type CNC tribometer including an automotive dry clutch application, Mechatronics, 40 (2016), 220-232.
- Suryawanshi, A. & Behera, N., A Review: In Vitro Investigation of Dental Composite Materials and Tooth Enamel by Using Pin-on-Disc Tribometer, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation, 483-490, Springer, 2020.
- Galvão, C. F. F., Slavec, G. A., Menardi, P. L. D. A., Gonçalves, A. C., Chavarette, F. R., & Outa, R., Design and Construction of a Pin-On-Disk Experimental Bench to Determine the Fr ct on Coeff c ent of Mater als, 25th ABCM Internat onal Congress of Mechan cal Eng neer ng COB-2019-1689, São Paulo State University, 2019.
- Chlum, B., Hanson, K., Lindsay, S., Pascoe, B., Multi-Function Tribometer, University of Michigan, Project Report, April 2010.
- Pavković, D., Kranjčević, N., Kostelac, M., Herold, Z. and Deur, J., Normal force control for a pin-on-disk tribometer including active or passive suppression of vertical vibrations, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 488-493, IEEE, 2012.
- Wassie, Shimelis. Redesign of a pin-on-disc tribometer focusing on blast furnace off-gas dust. 2014.
- Kaleli, H., New Universal Tribometer as Pin or Ball-on-Disc and Reciprocating Pin-on-Plate Types, Tribology in Industry, 38 (2016), 235-240.
- Velkavrh, I., Lüchinger, M., Kern, K., Klien, S., Ausserer, F., Voyer, J., Diem, A., Schreiner, M., Tillmann, W., Using a standard pin-on-disc tribometer to analyse friction in a metal forming process, Tribology International, 114 (2017), 418-428.
- Borjali, A., Monson, K., Raeymaekers, B., Friction between a polyethylene pin and a microtextured CoCrMo disc, and its correlation to polyethylene wear, as a function of sliding velocity and contact pressure, in the context of metal-on-polyethylene prosthetic hip implants, Tribology International, 127 (2018), 568-574.
- Chen, S., Yin, N., Yu, Q., Zhang, Z., A novel tribometer for investigating bushing wear, Wear, 430 (2019), 263-271.
- Zhou, Y., Tian, Y., Meng, S., Zhang, S., Xing, X., Yang, Q., & Li, D., Open-source tribometer with high repeatability: Development and performance assessment. Tribology International, 184 (2023).
- Adams, R., ―Tribometer‖, US Patent 9,581,534 B2, 28 Feb. 2011.
- Kobayashi, T., Suzuki, E., Uchiyama, Y., ―Pin-on-disk type wear testing device‖, US Patent 4,966,030, 30 Oct. 1990
- American Society for Testing Materials Standard G99, 2005, ―Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus‖, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- American Society for Testing Materials Standard G115, 2004, ―Standard Guide for Measuring And Reporting Friction Coefficients‖, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.