İskenderun Körfezi'ndeki İstilacı Diadema setosum'un Kabuk, Diken ve Aristoteles Fenerlerinin Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2023, , 62 - 69, 30.09.2023

Erkan Uğurlu

https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1247826

Öz

Bu çalışma da, İstilacı denizkestanesi Diadema setosum'un Aristo feneri, kabuğu ve diken toz numunelerinin karakterizasyonları yapılarak biyomateryal olarak kullanılması önerilmiştir. Bu öneriyi doğrulamak için İskenderun Körfezi'nden alınan istilacı Diadema setosum'un Aristo feneri, kabuk ve dikenlerinin XRD, SEM-EDS ve FT-IR analizleri ilk kez bu çalışmada açıklanmıştır. Bu türün Aristo feneri, kabuğu ve dikenleri Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), X-ışını kırınımı (XRD), enerji dağılımlı X-ışını spektroskopisi (EDS) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile değerlendirmek için toz hale getirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kabuğun, dikenin ve Aristo fenerinin kaba, mikro gözenekli, çok katmanlı, kaba ve lif benzeri yapılardan oluştuğunu göstermiştir. XRD sonuçlarına göre Aristo feneri, kabuğu ve diken materyallerinin kalsite benzer olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak D. setosum'un toz hale getirilmiş olan kabuğu, dikeni ve Aristo feneri biyosorpsiyon, biyokatalizör, tıp, biyomedikal uygulamalar ve kireç kaynağı gibi birçok alanda nitelikli biyolojik malzeme olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizkestanesi,, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, Yapı

Characterization of Shell, Spine and Aristotle’s Lanterns of the Invasive Diadema setosum in Iskenderun Bay

Öz

The invasive sea urchin Aristotle’s lanterns, shell and spines describe as biological materials. In order to confirm this suggestion, the physical and chemical properties of Aristotle lantern, shell and spine of the invasive Diadema setosum distributed in the Iskenderun Bay were explained for the first time in this study. This species was prepared for the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation of Aristotle’s lantern, shell and spine. The results showed that the shell, spine and Aristotle’s lantern are composed of rough, microporous, multilayered, rough and fiber-like structures. According to XRD results, Aristotle’s lantern, shell and spine were found to be similar to calcite. As a result, the shell, spine and Aristotle’s lantern of D. setosum are qualified biological materials that can be used in many areas such as biosorption, biocatalyst, medicine, biomedical applications and lime welding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sea urchin, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, Structure

Kaynakça

• Al Najjar, T., Al Tawaha, M., Wahsha, M., & Hilal, A. A. (2018). Heavy metals in the sea urchin Diadema setosum from the Gulf of Aqaba. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 414–4155.
• Artüz, M. L., & Artüz, O. B. (2019). First and northernmost record of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Sea of Marmara. Thalassas, 35, 375–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00137-3
• Bronstein, O., & Loya, Y. (2014). Echinoid community structure and rates of herbivory and bioerosion on exposed and sheltered reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 456, 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.03.003
• Çağiltay, F., Gökoğlu, M., & Yildiz, A. (2022). Some fish species showing commensalism traits with long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum Leske, 1778) in Gulf of Antalya. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal, 28, 33–39.
• Clark, H. L. (1925). A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Printed by order of the Trustees of the Museum, London.
• Downs, R. T., Bartelmehs, K. L., Gibbs, G. V., & Boisen, M. B. (1993). Interactive software for calculating and displaying X-ray or neutron powder diffractometer patterns of crystalline materials. American Mineralogist, 78, 1104–1107.
• Flammang, P., Warnau, M., Temara, A, Lane, D. J. W., & Jangoux, M. (1997). Heavy metals in Diadema setosum (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from Singapore coral reefs. Journal of Sea Research, 28, 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(97)00033-6
• Jones, M. I., Wang, L. Y., Abeynaike, A., & Patterson, D. A. (2011). Utilisation of waste material for environmental applications: calcination of mussel shells for waste water treatment. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 110, 280–286. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676111Y.0000000016
• Jung, W. M., Kang, S. H., Kim, W. S., & Choi, C. K. (2000). Particle morphology of calcium carbonate precipitated by gas–liquid reaction in a Couette–Taylor reactor. Chemical Engineering Science, 55(4), 733-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00395-4
• Kamba, A. S., Ismail, M., Tengku Ibrahim, T. A., & Zakaria, Z. A. B. (2013). A pH-sensitive, biobased calcium carbonate aragonite nanocrystal as a novel anticancer delivery system. BioMed Research International, 2013, 587451. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/587451
• Lessios, H. A., Kessing, B. D. & Pearse, J. S. (2001). Population structure and speciation in tropical seas: Global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema. Evolution, 55(5), 955–975. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00613.x
• Li, Q. B., Sun, X. J., Xu, Y., Yang, L. M., Zhang, Y. F., Weng, S. H., Shi, S., & Wu, J. G. (2005). Diagnosis of gastric inflammation and malignancy in endoscopic biopsies based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Clinical Chemistry, 51(2), 346-350. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.037986
• Muthiga, N. A., & McClanahan, T. R. (2020). Diadema. In J. Lawrence (Ed.), Sea urchins: Biology and ecology (Fourth ed.) Vol. 43. (pp. 397–418). Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Book Series. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819570-3.00023-8
• Öndes, F., Alan, V., Kaiser, M. J., & Güçlüsoy, H. (2022). Spatial distribution and density of the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum in Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 43, e12724. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12724
• Saharudin, S. H., Shariffuddin, J. H., Ismail, A., & Mah, J. H. (2018). Recovering value from waste: biomaterials production from marine shell waste. Bulletin of Materials Science, 41, 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-018-1680-5
• Suteu, D., Bilba, D., Aflori, M., Doroftei, F., Lisa, G., Badeanu, M., & Malutan, T. (2012). The seashell wastes as biosorbent for reactive dye removal from textile effluents. Clean – Soil, Air, Water, 40, 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100138
• Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Uygur, N. (2011). On the occurrence of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in Antakya Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17, 4–8.
• Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2022a). Length-weight relationships and gonadosomatic index of invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) from Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 1579–1591. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1078408
• Uğurlu, E., & Duysak, Ö. (2022b). A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 21416–21424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9
• Yang, Y., Sule-Suso, J., Sockalingum, G. D., Kegelaer, G., Manfait, M., & El Haj, A. J. (2005). Study of tumor cell invasion by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biopolymers: Original Research on Biomolecules, 78, 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.20297
• Yapıcı, S. (2018). Unusual observation of the alien sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in the Aegean Sea: Recent and recorded occurrences. Thalassas, 34, 267–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-017-0060-z
• Yener, L. (2015). Kalsit (agrekal, mikrokal, nanokal) katkılı malzemelerin kullanımı farklı sektörlerde yaygınlaşarak hızla artıyor. Türkiye Madenciler Derneği Sektörden Haberler Bülteni, Aralık 2015(59), 40-54.
• Yokes, B. (2006). The first record of the needle-spined urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 1, 189–190. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2006.1.3.15