Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower

Year 2022, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 175 - 181, 02.12.2022

Hasan Baydar , Ümmü Tuğlu

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1067571

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the important oilseed and bio-energy crops. All of the safflower cultivars in the world have diploid genomes (2n= 2x= 24). In this research, autotetraploidy induction in safflower was performed by colchicine treatments to the emerging shoot tips at the cotyledonary stage. As a result of flow cytometric analyses performed in the C2 progenies, autotetraploids (4x= 48) had DNA content of 4.88 pg 2C-1, while diploids (2x= 24) had 2.29 pg 2C-1. The autotetraploids in C2 generation exhibited bigger stomata size (33.40 μm to 46.90 μm in length) and a higher chloroplast number (9.5 to 17.2 in the guard cells), but less stomatal density (17.98% to 16.67% in index) compared to their diploid counterparts. However, autotetraploidy reduced the pollen viability from 80.24% to 16.20%, and seed set rate from 35.06% to 7.01% per capitula. As a result, autotetraploid plants were able to produce very few seeds despite the high unit seed size and weight in their heads. While oil content of the large-seeded autotetraploids was significantly lower, by two-fold, (26.37% to 13.23% in the whole seeds) than the small-seeded diploids, fatty acid composition was not significantly influenced by autopolyploidization.

Keywords

Carthamus tinctorius, Autotetraploidy, Colchicine induction, Flow cytometer, Trait evolution

Thanks

We would like to thank Prof.Dr. Metin Tuna from Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University for flow cytometry analysis.

Morphological, physiological, cytological characteristics and agricultural potential of colchicine induced autotetraploid plants in safflower

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the important oilseed and bio-energy crops. All of the safflower cultivars in the world have diploid genomes (2n= 2x= 24). In this research, autotetraploidy induction in safflower was performed by colchicine treatments to the emerging shoot tips at the cotyledonary stage. As a result of flow cytometric analyses performed in the C2 progenies, autotetraploids (4x= 48) had DNA content of 4.88 pg 2C-1, while diploids (2x= 24) had 2.29 pg 2C-1. The autotetraploids in C2 generation exhibited bigger stomata size (33.40 μm to 46.90 μm in length) and a higher chloroplast number (9.5 to 17.2 in the guard cells), but less stomatal density (17.98% to 16.67% in index) compared to their diploid counterparts. However, autotetraploidy reduced the pollen viability from 80.24% to 16.20%, and seed set rate from 35.06% to 7.01% per capitula. As a result, autotetraploid plants were able to produce very few seeds despite the high unit seed size and weight in their heads. While oil content of the large-seeded autotetraploids was significantly lower, by two-fold, (26.37% to 13.23% in the whole seeds) than the small-seeded diploids, fatty acid composition was not significantly influenced by autopolyploidization.

Keywords

Carthamus tinctorius, Autotetraploidy, Colchicine induction, Flow cytometer, Trait evolution

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