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Mikroalg kullanımı ve Türkiye ile Dünya'daki Önemi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 42 - 53, 27.06.2023

Canan Birinci , Eylem Aydemir Çil

https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1294535
Cited By: 1

Öz

The increasing global environmental pollution, rising energy consumption, and global warming, which are important problems worldwide, have led countries to seek different solutions in environmental issues. Türkiye and other countries are making efforts to continue living in a healthier environment economically and socially while meeting the increasing energy demand and rising environmental pollution. Renewable technologies are being developed and produced. Therefore, sustainable ecology and sustainable green economy have started to take the top spot on the global agenda. For this reason, the use of microalgae in environmental applications is increasing rapidly, and microalgae technology is being rapidly developed. Photobioreactors are currently at the forefront of microalgae production. Accordingly, microalgae are being used in many different areas of biotechnological and technical applications, such as health, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical production, wastewater treatment, heavy metal removal from the environment, and animal feed. In addition, the production of biofuels based on microalgae is also attracting attention. Therefore, microalgae are creating potential alternatives to coal, petroleum, and natural gas. In this sense, it seems inevitable that microalgae will be one of the main energy sources in the future, and a green revolution will take place with the development of microalgae technology. This study aims to reflect the current situation of algae and microalgae used and that can be used in biotechnology, along with new applications and necessary considerations in Türkiye, as well as in the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroalg Fotobiyoreaktör Atık Su Arıtımı Biyoyakıt Çevre.

Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, S.S. & Goyal, D. (2007). Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 98 (12), 2243-2257
  • Anonymous(2022a)https://denizyosunuspirulina.blogspot.com/2013/06/alguretimsistemleri.html
  • Anonymous(2022b)https://fmp.conncoll.edu/Silicasecchidisk/LucidKeys3.5/Keys_v3.5/Carolina35_Key/Media/Html/Nostoc_Main.html 25/11/2022
  • Anonymous(2022c)https://fmp.conncoll.edu/silicasecchidisk/LucidKeys3.5/Keys_v3.5/Carolina35_Key/Media/Html/Arthrospira_Main.html 25/11/2022
  • Asla, F., Özgen, İ & Esen, H. (2016). Enerji Planlamalarında Biyogaz ve Mikroalglerden Yararlanma Olanakları ile Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Potansiyeli. International Conference on Natural Science and Engineering (ICNASE’16), March 19-20, Kilis
  • Bahadar, A. & Khan, M.B. (2013). Progress in energy from microalgae: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 27, 128-148. DOİ.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.029
  • Becker W. (2004). Microalgae in human and animal nutrition. In: Richmond, A (ed.), microalgal culture. Handbook. Blackwell, Oxford. 312-351.
  • Chisti Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae, Biotechnol. Adv., 25 (3), 294-306. DOİ.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001.
  • Chisti, Y. & Yan, J. (2011). Energy from algae: Current status and future trends: Algal biofuels – A status report, Appl. Energy, 88 (10), 3277-3279,
  • Christenson, L. & Sims, R. (2011). Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts, Biotechnol. Adv., 29 (6), 686-702.
  • Demir M. (2015). Mikroalglerden Biyodizel Eldesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Demir, N., Öterler, B., Sömek, H., Sevindik, T. O., Soylu, E.N., Karaaslan, Y., Çetin, T., Çelekli, A., Coşkun, T., Solak, C.N., Maraşlıoğlu, F., Parlak, M., Kocal, M. & Manavoğlu, D.C. (2021). New Records for the Turkish Freshwater Algal Flora in Twenty Five River Basins of Turkey, Part IV: Ochrophyta. Turkish Journal of Water Science & Management, ISSN: 2536 474X / e-ISSN: 2564-7334.
  • Demirbas A. (2010). Use of algae as biofuel sources, Energy Convers. Manage., 51 (12), 2738- 2749. Demirbas, A. & Demirbas, M. (2011). Importance of algaeoil as a source of biodiesel. Energy Conversion and Management, 52, 163-170.
  • Deng, X., Li, Y. & Fei, X. (2009). Microalgae: A promising feedstock for biodiesel, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3 (13), 1008-1014.
  • Dos Santos, M.D., Guaratini, T., Lopes, J.L.C., Colepicolo, P. & Lopes, N.P (2005). Plant cell and microalgae culture. In: Modern Biotechnology in Medicinal Chemistry and Industry. Kerala, India: Research Signpost.
  • FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Building resilience for peace and food security. (Erişim Tarihi 02.09.2020).http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7695e.pdf
  • FAO. (2009). Alg üretim istatistikleri web sitesi. (http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en/)
  • FAO. (2018). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture meeting the sustainable development goals. (17.10.2021).http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I9540EN/
  • Gendy, T.S. & El-Temtamy, S.A. (2013). Commercial ization potential aspects of microalgae for biofuel production: An overview, Egypt. J. Pet., 22 (1), 43-51
  • Gezici M. (2012). Biyodizel Üretimine Uygun Mikroalglerin Gelişimine Bazı Yetiştirme Parametrelerinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 2012, pp:1-17, Ankara
  • Gökpınar, Ş., Işık, O., Göksan, T., Durmaz, Y., Uslu, L., Ak, B., Önalan, S.K. & Akdoğan P. (2013). Algal Biyoteknoloji Çalışmaları Yunus Araştırma Bülteni (4): 21-26.
  • Guedes, A.C., Barbosa, C.R., Amaro, H.M., Pereira, C.I. & Malcata, F.X. (2011). Microalgal and cyanobacterial cell extracts for use as natural antibacterial additives against food pathogens. International J. Food Sci. and Technol. 46.862-870.
  • Haiduc, A.G., Brandenberger, M., Suquet, S., Vogel, F., Bernier-Latmani, R. & Ludwig, C. (2009). SunCHem: an integrated process for the hydrothermal production of methane from microalgae and CO2 mitigation. J. Appl. Phycol. 21.529– 541.
  • Hatunoğlu E. (2010). Biyoyakıt Politikalarının Tarım Sektörüne Etkileri, DPT Uzmanlık Tezleri, Yayın No:2814, ISBN 978-975-19-4861-8
  • Karakaş, G., Erdal, G., Erdal, H. & Esengün, K. (2014). Tarıma Dayalı Enerji Politikası Analizi ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynağı Olarak Algler, GOP Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, XI. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi 3-5 Eylül Samsun.
  • Kargın H. (2020) Akuakültürde Kullanılan Mikroalg Üretim Sistemleri Fotobiyoreaktörler Dünyada ve Ülkemizde Kullanımı, Mediterranean Fisheries And Aquaculture Research, 114-115
  • Khan, S.A., Rashmi Hussain, M.Z., Prasad, S. & Banerjee, U.C. (2009). Prospects of biodiesel production from microalgae in India, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 13 (9), 2361-2372.
  • Kumar, V. & Mohan, J.S. (2014). Plants and algae species: Promising renewable energy production source, Emir. J. Food Agric. 2014. 26 (8): 679-692 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v26i8.18364 http://www.ejfa.info/
  • Kükdamar, İ. & Tokuç, A. (2015) Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi – İzmir, Bina Fiziği Sempozyumu Bildirisi, Sıfır Karbon Binalara Ulaşmada Anahtar Bir Cephe Önerisi
  • Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R.S. & Walker, P. (2002). How Sustainable Agriculture Can Address the Environmental and Human Health Harms of Industrial Agriculture, Volume 110 | Number 5 | May 2002 • Environmental Health Perspectives
  • Liang, S., Xueming, L., Chen, F. & Chen Z. (2004). Current microalgal health food R & D activities in China. Hydrobiologia. 512.45-48.
  • Lipton A.P. (2003). Marine bioactive compounds and their application in mariculture. Marine Ecosystem, Univ. of Kerala, Kariavattom, 2(4): 695-581.
  • Lohrey C. & Kochergin V. (2012). Biodiesel production from microalgae: Co-location with sugar mills. Bioresource Technology, 108, 76–82.
  • Mahdi, S.S., Dar, S.A., Ahmad, S. & Hassan, G.I. (2010). Zinc availability- A major issue in agriculture. Research Journal Agricultural Sciences, 3(3): 78-79.
  • Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A. & Caetano, N.S., (2010). Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 14 (1), 217-232.
  • Michalak, I. & Chojnacka, K. (2010). Interactions of metal cations with anionic groupson the cell wall of the macroalga Vaucheria sp. Eng. Life S: 10 (3), 209-217.
  • Mostafa, S.S.M., Shalaby, E.A. & Mahmoud, G.I. (2012). Cultivating Microalgae in Domestic Wastewater for Biodiesel Production. Not Sci Biol. 4(1):56-65.
  • Muslu, M. & Gökçay, G.F. (2020). An Alternative Resource for Supporting Health and Sustainable Nutrition: Algae, SABAD, 2020;2(3),221-237, https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.795543
  • O’Connell, D.W., Birkinshaw C. & O’Dwyer, T.F. (2008). Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresour. Technol. 99 (15),6709-6724.
  • Pawlowki, A., Mendoza, J.l., Guzman, J.L., Berenguel, M., Acien, F.G. & Dormido, S. (2014). Effective utilizationof flue gases in raceway react or with event based pH control for microalgae culture, Bioresour. Technol., 170, 1-9.
  • Rangel-Yagui, C.O., Godoy Danesi, E.D., Carvalho, J.C.M. & Sato S. (2004). Chlorophyll production from Spirulina platensis: cultivation with urea addition by fed-batch process. Bioresour. Technol. 92.133-14.
  • Rawat, I., Ranjith Kumar, R., Mutanda, T. & Bux, F. (2013). Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production, Appl. Energy, 103, 444-467.
  • Sasa, A., Şentürk, F., Üstündağ, Y. & Erem, F. (2020). Use of Algae as Foods or Food Ingredients and Their Effects on Health, International Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 2(2): 97-110
  • Singh, J. & Gu, S. (2010). Commercialization Potential of Microalgae for Biofuels Production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14(9):2596-2610
  • Soletto, D., Binaghi, L., Lodi, A., Carvalho, J.C.M. & Converti, A. (2005). Batch and fedbatch cultivations of Spirulina platensis using ammonium sulphate and urea as nitrogen sources. Aquaculture. 243:217-224.
  • Suali, E. & Sarbatly, R. (2012). Conversion of microalgae to biofuel, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 16 (6), 4316-4342
  • Torres-Tiji, Y., Fields, F.J., & Mayfield, S.P. (2020). Microalgae as a future food source. Biotechnology advances, 41, 107536. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107536.
  • TÜİK (2020). Statistical dataof FAO. Retrieved from:https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ medas/?kn=92&locale=tr./ (accessed 25/11/2022)
  • Ulukardeşler, A.H. & Ulusoy, Y. (2012). 3. Nesil Biyoyakıt Teknolojisi Olan Alglerin Türkiye’de Üretilebilirlik Potansiyeli, Onuncu Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi, 3-6 Eylül, KoçÜniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • UN DESA. (2019). World population prospects 2019: highlights. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs. Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2020, https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/world-population-prospects-2019-highlights.html
  • UNESCO (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention
  • Valverde, J, Gómez, J.M. & Perfectti, F. (2016) The temporal dimension in individual-based plant pollination networks. Oikos 125: 468– 479.
  • Volesky B. (2007). Biosorption and me. Water Res. 41 (18), 4017-4029.
  • Yamaguchi K. (1997). Recent advances in microalgal bioscience in Japan, with special reference to utilization of biomass and metabolites: a review. J. Appl. Phycol. 8.487-502.

Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 42 - 53, 27.06.2023

Canan Birinci , Eylem Aydemir Çil

https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1294535
Cited By: 1

Öz

The increasing global environmental pollution, rising energy consumption, and global warming, which are important problems worldwide, have led countries to seek different solutions in environmental issues. Türkiye and other countries are making efforts to continue living in a healthier environment economically and socially while meeting the increasing energy demand and rising environmental pollution. Renewable technologies are being developed and produced. Therefore, sustainable ecology and sustainable green economy have started to take the top spot on the global agenda. For this reason, the use of microalgae in environmental applications is increasing rapidly, and microalgae technology is being rapidly developed. Photobioreactors are currently at the forefront of microalgae production. Accordingly, microalgae are being used in many different areas of biotechnological and technical applications, such as health, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical production, wastewater treatment, heavy metal removal from the environment, and animal feed. In addition, the production of biofuels based on microalgae is also attracting attention. Therefore, microalgae are creating potential alternatives to coal, petroleum, and natural gas. In this sense, it seems inevitable that microalgae will be one of the main energy sources in the future, and a green revolution will take place with the development of microalgae technology. This study aims to reflect the current situation of algae and microalgae used and that can be used in biotechnology, along with new applications and necessary considerations in Türkiye, as well as in the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microalgae Photobioreactor Wastewater Treatment Biofuel Environment.

Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, S.S. & Goyal, D. (2007). Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 98 (12), 2243-2257
  • Anonymous(2022a)https://denizyosunuspirulina.blogspot.com/2013/06/alguretimsistemleri.html
  • Anonymous(2022b)https://fmp.conncoll.edu/Silicasecchidisk/LucidKeys3.5/Keys_v3.5/Carolina35_Key/Media/Html/Nostoc_Main.html 25/11/2022
  • Anonymous(2022c)https://fmp.conncoll.edu/silicasecchidisk/LucidKeys3.5/Keys_v3.5/Carolina35_Key/Media/Html/Arthrospira_Main.html 25/11/2022
  • Asla, F., Özgen, İ & Esen, H. (2016). Enerji Planlamalarında Biyogaz ve Mikroalglerden Yararlanma Olanakları ile Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Potansiyeli. International Conference on Natural Science and Engineering (ICNASE’16), March 19-20, Kilis
  • Bahadar, A. & Khan, M.B. (2013). Progress in energy from microalgae: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 27, 128-148. DOİ.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.029
  • Becker W. (2004). Microalgae in human and animal nutrition. In: Richmond, A (ed.), microalgal culture. Handbook. Blackwell, Oxford. 312-351.
  • Chisti Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae, Biotechnol. Adv., 25 (3), 294-306. DOİ.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001.
  • Chisti, Y. & Yan, J. (2011). Energy from algae: Current status and future trends: Algal biofuels – A status report, Appl. Energy, 88 (10), 3277-3279,
  • Christenson, L. & Sims, R. (2011). Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts, Biotechnol. Adv., 29 (6), 686-702.
  • Demir M. (2015). Mikroalglerden Biyodizel Eldesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Demir, N., Öterler, B., Sömek, H., Sevindik, T. O., Soylu, E.N., Karaaslan, Y., Çetin, T., Çelekli, A., Coşkun, T., Solak, C.N., Maraşlıoğlu, F., Parlak, M., Kocal, M. & Manavoğlu, D.C. (2021). New Records for the Turkish Freshwater Algal Flora in Twenty Five River Basins of Turkey, Part IV: Ochrophyta. Turkish Journal of Water Science & Management, ISSN: 2536 474X / e-ISSN: 2564-7334.
  • Demirbas A. (2010). Use of algae as biofuel sources, Energy Convers. Manage., 51 (12), 2738- 2749. Demirbas, A. & Demirbas, M. (2011). Importance of algaeoil as a source of biodiesel. Energy Conversion and Management, 52, 163-170.
  • Deng, X., Li, Y. & Fei, X. (2009). Microalgae: A promising feedstock for biodiesel, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3 (13), 1008-1014.
  • Dos Santos, M.D., Guaratini, T., Lopes, J.L.C., Colepicolo, P. & Lopes, N.P (2005). Plant cell and microalgae culture. In: Modern Biotechnology in Medicinal Chemistry and Industry. Kerala, India: Research Signpost.
  • FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Building resilience for peace and food security. (Erişim Tarihi 02.09.2020).http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7695e.pdf
  • FAO. (2009). Alg üretim istatistikleri web sitesi. (http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en/)
  • FAO. (2018). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture meeting the sustainable development goals. (17.10.2021).http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I9540EN/
  • Gendy, T.S. & El-Temtamy, S.A. (2013). Commercial ization potential aspects of microalgae for biofuel production: An overview, Egypt. J. Pet., 22 (1), 43-51
  • Gezici M. (2012). Biyodizel Üretimine Uygun Mikroalglerin Gelişimine Bazı Yetiştirme Parametrelerinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 2012, pp:1-17, Ankara
  • Gökpınar, Ş., Işık, O., Göksan, T., Durmaz, Y., Uslu, L., Ak, B., Önalan, S.K. & Akdoğan P. (2013). Algal Biyoteknoloji Çalışmaları Yunus Araştırma Bülteni (4): 21-26.
  • Guedes, A.C., Barbosa, C.R., Amaro, H.M., Pereira, C.I. & Malcata, F.X. (2011). Microalgal and cyanobacterial cell extracts for use as natural antibacterial additives against food pathogens. International J. Food Sci. and Technol. 46.862-870.
  • Haiduc, A.G., Brandenberger, M., Suquet, S., Vogel, F., Bernier-Latmani, R. & Ludwig, C. (2009). SunCHem: an integrated process for the hydrothermal production of methane from microalgae and CO2 mitigation. J. Appl. Phycol. 21.529– 541.
  • Hatunoğlu E. (2010). Biyoyakıt Politikalarının Tarım Sektörüne Etkileri, DPT Uzmanlık Tezleri, Yayın No:2814, ISBN 978-975-19-4861-8
  • Karakaş, G., Erdal, G., Erdal, H. & Esengün, K. (2014). Tarıma Dayalı Enerji Politikası Analizi ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynağı Olarak Algler, GOP Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, XI. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi 3-5 Eylül Samsun.
  • Kargın H. (2020) Akuakültürde Kullanılan Mikroalg Üretim Sistemleri Fotobiyoreaktörler Dünyada ve Ülkemizde Kullanımı, Mediterranean Fisheries And Aquaculture Research, 114-115
  • Khan, S.A., Rashmi Hussain, M.Z., Prasad, S. & Banerjee, U.C. (2009). Prospects of biodiesel production from microalgae in India, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 13 (9), 2361-2372.
  • Kumar, V. & Mohan, J.S. (2014). Plants and algae species: Promising renewable energy production source, Emir. J. Food Agric. 2014. 26 (8): 679-692 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v26i8.18364 http://www.ejfa.info/
  • Kükdamar, İ. & Tokuç, A. (2015) Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi – İzmir, Bina Fiziği Sempozyumu Bildirisi, Sıfır Karbon Binalara Ulaşmada Anahtar Bir Cephe Önerisi
  • Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R.S. & Walker, P. (2002). How Sustainable Agriculture Can Address the Environmental and Human Health Harms of Industrial Agriculture, Volume 110 | Number 5 | May 2002 • Environmental Health Perspectives
  • Liang, S., Xueming, L., Chen, F. & Chen Z. (2004). Current microalgal health food R & D activities in China. Hydrobiologia. 512.45-48.
  • Lipton A.P. (2003). Marine bioactive compounds and their application in mariculture. Marine Ecosystem, Univ. of Kerala, Kariavattom, 2(4): 695-581.
  • Lohrey C. & Kochergin V. (2012). Biodiesel production from microalgae: Co-location with sugar mills. Bioresource Technology, 108, 76–82.
  • Mahdi, S.S., Dar, S.A., Ahmad, S. & Hassan, G.I. (2010). Zinc availability- A major issue in agriculture. Research Journal Agricultural Sciences, 3(3): 78-79.
  • Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A. & Caetano, N.S., (2010). Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 14 (1), 217-232.
  • Michalak, I. & Chojnacka, K. (2010). Interactions of metal cations with anionic groupson the cell wall of the macroalga Vaucheria sp. Eng. Life S: 10 (3), 209-217.
  • Mostafa, S.S.M., Shalaby, E.A. & Mahmoud, G.I. (2012). Cultivating Microalgae in Domestic Wastewater for Biodiesel Production. Not Sci Biol. 4(1):56-65.
  • Muslu, M. & Gökçay, G.F. (2020). An Alternative Resource for Supporting Health and Sustainable Nutrition: Algae, SABAD, 2020;2(3),221-237, https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.795543
  • O’Connell, D.W., Birkinshaw C. & O’Dwyer, T.F. (2008). Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresour. Technol. 99 (15),6709-6724.
  • Pawlowki, A., Mendoza, J.l., Guzman, J.L., Berenguel, M., Acien, F.G. & Dormido, S. (2014). Effective utilizationof flue gases in raceway react or with event based pH control for microalgae culture, Bioresour. Technol., 170, 1-9.
  • Rangel-Yagui, C.O., Godoy Danesi, E.D., Carvalho, J.C.M. & Sato S. (2004). Chlorophyll production from Spirulina platensis: cultivation with urea addition by fed-batch process. Bioresour. Technol. 92.133-14.
  • Rawat, I., Ranjith Kumar, R., Mutanda, T. & Bux, F. (2013). Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production, Appl. Energy, 103, 444-467.
  • Sasa, A., Şentürk, F., Üstündağ, Y. & Erem, F. (2020). Use of Algae as Foods or Food Ingredients and Their Effects on Health, International Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 2(2): 97-110
  • Singh, J. & Gu, S. (2010). Commercialization Potential of Microalgae for Biofuels Production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14(9):2596-2610
  • Soletto, D., Binaghi, L., Lodi, A., Carvalho, J.C.M. & Converti, A. (2005). Batch and fedbatch cultivations of Spirulina platensis using ammonium sulphate and urea as nitrogen sources. Aquaculture. 243:217-224.
  • Suali, E. & Sarbatly, R. (2012). Conversion of microalgae to biofuel, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 16 (6), 4316-4342
  • Torres-Tiji, Y., Fields, F.J., & Mayfield, S.P. (2020). Microalgae as a future food source. Biotechnology advances, 41, 107536. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107536.
  • TÜİK (2020). Statistical dataof FAO. Retrieved from:https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ medas/?kn=92&locale=tr./ (accessed 25/11/2022)
  • Ulukardeşler, A.H. & Ulusoy, Y. (2012). 3. Nesil Biyoyakıt Teknolojisi Olan Alglerin Türkiye’de Üretilebilirlik Potansiyeli, Onuncu Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi, 3-6 Eylül, KoçÜniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • UN DESA. (2019). World population prospects 2019: highlights. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs. Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2020, https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/world-population-prospects-2019-highlights.html
  • UNESCO (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention
  • Valverde, J, Gómez, J.M. & Perfectti, F. (2016) The temporal dimension in individual-based plant pollination networks. Oikos 125: 468– 479.
  • Volesky B. (2007). Biosorption and me. Water Res. 41 (18), 4017-4029.
  • Yamaguchi K. (1997). Recent advances in microalgal bioscience in Japan, with special reference to utilization of biomass and metabolites: a review. J. Appl. Phycol. 8.487-502.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hidrobiyoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Canan Birinci 0000-0002-6732-008X

Eylem Aydemir Çil 0000-0003-2405-1155

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Birinci, C., & Aydemir Çil, E. (2023). Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1294535
AMA Birinci C, Aydemir Çil E. Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2023;9(1):42-53. doi:10.58626/menba.1294535
Chicago Birinci, Canan, ve Eylem Aydemir Çil. “Use of Microalgae and Its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide”. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 42-53. https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1294535.
EndNote Birinci C, Aydemir Çil E (01 Haziran 2023) Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 9 1 42–53.
IEEE C. Birinci ve E. Aydemir Çil, “Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide”, Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 42–53, 2023, doi: 10.58626/menba.1294535.
ISNAD Birinci, Canan - Aydemir Çil, Eylem. “Use of Microalgae and Its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide”. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1 (Haziran 2023), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1294535.
JAMA Birinci C, Aydemir Çil E. Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;9:42–53.
MLA Birinci, Canan ve Eylem Aydemir Çil. “Use of Microalgae and Its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide”. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 42-53, doi:10.58626/menba.1294535.
Vancouver Birinci C, Aydemir Çil E. Use of Microalgae and its Importance in Türkiye and Worldwide. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;9(1):42-53.

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