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Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 16 - 26, 21.01.2015

Öz

The objective of this study was to determine the status of nutrition and pollution of peach orchards in Salihli (Manisa-Turkey). For this purpose, leaf and soil samples from the selected ten orchards which were the similar respect of age and variety were taken and some analyses were made. Soil reaction of the orchard soils was neutral and the content of total salt was low. The orchard soils with the light texture were poor in lime and organic matter. The total N content of the soils was insufficient in general. The P in the soils concentrated at the top soil layers (0-30 cm) but decreased at the sub soil layers (30-60 cm). The content of K of the soils was insufficient except for surface soils of four orchards. According to microelements, the content of Fe,Cu and Mn of the soils was sufficient while Zn element was on border or low of optimum level. Total N content of peach leaves was normal level; the contents of P and K were insufficient. Iron content of leaves was insufficient in five orchards except for one orchard and moderate levels in the other orchards. Copper content of leaves was sufficient but the contents of Zn and Mn were insufficient in three and four orchards, respectively. Heavy metal pollution in orchard soils was not determined .But the important part of the leaf polluted by Pb and Cr (70%), Ni (80%) and Co (100%). Cd content of the leaves was determined as low

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz N, Akbaş ME, Özcan K, Moghaddam AF, 1994. Tarımsal Araştırmaların Değerlendirilmesi için PC Paketi TARİST. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 25–29 Nisan 1994, 264–267, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Alloway BJ, 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie, London, 339p.
  • Alpaslan M, Güneş A, İnal A, 1998. Deneme Tekniği. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 1501, Ders Kitabı No: 455, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 1951. Soil Survey Manuel, Agricultural Research Administration United States Department of Agriculture, Handbook:18 340–377.
  • Başar H, Özgümüş A, 1999. Değisik Demirli Gübre ve Dozlarının Şeftali Ağaçlarının Bazı Mikro Besin Elementi İçerikleri Üzerine Etkisi Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 273–281.
  • Bergmann W, 1992. Ernahrungstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen. Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Bingham FT, 1949. Soil Test for Phosphate. California Agr. 3(7):11–14.
  • Black CA, 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis Recalibration of Hydrometer for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal 43: 9.
  • Bouyoucos GJ, 1955. A Recalibration of the Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analysis of the Soils. Agronomy J. 4(9): 434.
  • Bremner JM, 1965. Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen. Methods of Soil Analysis. (Ed:Black, C.A), American Soc. of Agron. Inc. Publ. Madison Wis., USA, 1197-1287.
  • Çağlar KÖ, 1949. Toprak Bilgisi. A.Ü.Z.F.Yayınları. No:10.
  • FAO, 1990. Micronutrient, Assessment at the Country Level: An International Study. FAO Soil Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa, Rome.
  • Fawzi AFA, El-Fouly MM, 1980. Soil and Leaf Analysis of Potassium in Different Areas of Egypt. Preceeding of the International Workshop “Role of Potassium in Crop Production” .L979, Cairo p: 73.
  • Follet RH, 1969. Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in Colorado Soils. PhD. Dissertation. Colo. State Univ.
  • Giusquiani PL, Pagliai M, Gigliotti G, Businelli D, Benetti A, 1995. Urban Waste Compost: Effects on Physical, Chemical, and Biochemical Soil Properties. Journal of Environmental Quality: 24: 175–182.
  • Güner H, 1969. Toprak Verimliliği Yönünden Toprakların Kimyasal Analizleri. Türkiye Toprak İlmi Derneği 3. Bilimsel Toplantı Tebliğleri, Yayın No: 1, 313.
  • Haktanır K, Arcak S, 1998. Çevre Kirliliği. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No:1503, Ankara, 323 s.
  • Hasselbach G, 1992. Ergebnisse zum Schwemetalltransfer Boden/Pflanze aufgrund von Gfáβversuchen und chemischen Extraktionsverfahren mit Boden aus Langjährigen Klärschlamm-Feldversuchen Inaugural-beim Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften der Justus- Liebig-Üniversität Gieβen.
  • Isaac AR, Kerber JD, 1969. Instrumental Methods for Analysis of Soil and Plant
  • Tissue. Perkin Elmer Corp. Atomic Absorption Dept. Norwalk.
  • İbrikçi H, Gülüt KY, Güzel N, 1994. Gübrelemede Bitki Analiz Teknikleri. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Genel Yayın No: 95. Ders Kitapları yayın No:8, Adana.
  • Jackson M, 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall Inc. Eng .Cliffs, USA.
  • Jafarzadeh AA, Shahbazi F, 2010. Suitability of Peach in Souma Area (Iran) Using Almagra Model. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1–6 August , Brisbane, Australia.
  • Johnson RS, Andris H, Day K, Bede R, 2006. Using Dormant Shoots to Determine The Nutritional Status of Peach Trees. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 721:285–290.
  • Jones JR, Wolf B, Mills HA, 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro Macro Publishing, Inc. USA.
  • Jorgensen RG, Meyer B, Roden A, Wittke B, 1996. Microbial Activity and Biomass in Mixture Treatments of Soil and Biogenic Municipal Refuse Compost. Biology and Fertility of Soils:23, 43–49.
  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H, 1984. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants 3. ed. Boca Raton: CRC 315p.
  • Kacar B, İnal A, 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ISBN:978-605-395-036-3.Ankara, 891s.
  • Kacar B, Katkat AV, 2007. Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayın ISBN:978-975-591-834-1. Ankara, 559s.
  • Kenworty A, 1979. Growth and Composition of Leaves and Roots of Cherry Leaves in Relation to in Nutritient Solutions. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.79, 63-71.
  • Kick H, Bürger H, Jommer K, 1980. Gesamtgehalte an Pb, Zn, Sn, As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, Cr und Co in Londwirtschafflich und Görtnerisch Genutzen Boden Nordhein-Westfalen Landwirt Schaffliche Forschung No: 33, 1.
  • Kloke A, 1980, Orientierugsdaten für Tolerierbare Gesamtgehalte Einiger Elemente in Kulturboden, Mitt, VDLUFA, H, 1-3, 9-11.
  • Kloke A, 1982. Erläuterungen Zur Klärsch lamm Verordnung and wirtsch. Fors. Soderhs 39: 302-308.
  • Leece DR, 1976. Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders of Fruit Trees By Leaf and Soil Analysis and biochemical indices. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci 42: 3-19.
  • Biochemical Indices. J. Aust. Inst. Agric Sci: 42; 7-19.
  • Lepp NW, 1981. Efect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants. In: Effects of Trace Metal on Plant Function, Vol.1 Applied Science Publishers, London, 352 p.
  • Linsday WL, Norvell WA, 1978. Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil. Sci. Soc. of Amer. Journal, 42: 421-428.
  • Loue A, 1968. Diagnostic Petiolarie de Prospection. Etudes sur la Nutrition et le Fertilisation Potasiques de la Vigne Socie’te Commerciale des Potasses d’alsaee Services Agronomiques 31–41.
  • Mengel K, Kırkby EA, 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. I.P.I. CH. 3048 Worblaufen-Bern.
  • Perucci P, 1992. Enzyme Activity and Microbial Biomass in a Field Soil Amended with Municipal Refuse. Biology and Fertility of Soils:14: 54–60.
  • Pratt PF, 1965. Potassium Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Amer. Soc. of Agro. Inc. Pub. US, 1022 p.
  • Reuter DJ, Robinson JB, 1986. Plant Analysis, An Interpretation Manual, National Library of Australia, Inkata Pres, Melborne, Sydney-Avustralia,159–161pp.
  • Schachtschabel P, Blume HP, 1984. Hartge. K.H. und Schwertmann. U. Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. F. Enke Verlag. Stuttgart, 441 p.
  • Scheffer F, Schachtschabel P, 1989. Lehrbuck der Bodenkunde. 12 neu Bearb. Aufl. Unter Mıtarb. Von W.R., Fischer Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuuugart.
  • TÜİK, 2011. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tarım İstatistikleri Özeti. Ankara.
  • Yağmur B, Okur B, 2011. İzmir Kemalpaşa İlçesi Kiraz Bahçelerinin Verimlilik Durumları ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Derim 28 (02): 1–13.

Salihli (Manisa) Yöresindeki Şeftali (Prunus persica L.) Bahçelerinin Beslenme ve Kirlilik Durumları

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 16 - 26, 21.01.2015

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Manisa Salihli ilçesinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan şeftali bahçelerinin beslenme
durumları ve kirlenme düzeyleri belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda yaş ve çeşit olarak benzer olan ve
yörede seçilen 10 bahçeden toprak ve yaprak örnekleri alınmış ve gerekli analizleri yapılmıştır.
Analiz sonuçlarına göre bahçelerin toprak reaksiyonu nötr, tuzsuz, kireç ve organik madde içeriği
az ve genelde kumlu tın bünyede bulunmuştur. Toplam azot (N) genelde yetersiz, fosfor (P)
genelde 0-30 cm’de birikim göstermiş ve 30–60 cm’de ise yetersiz konumdadır. Potasyum
bakımından (4 bahçenin yüzey toprak katmanı hariç) bahçeler fakir konumdadır. Topraklar mikro
besin elementleri bakımından ise Fe, Cu ve Mn bakımından sorunsuz iken Zn sınır değere
yakın veya genelde daha düşük olmuştur. Yaprak örneklerinde toplam N normal düzeylerde, P
orta ve K ise yetersiz düzeylerdedir. Yaprakların Fe içerikleri bir bahçe hariç beş bahçede fakir
diğerlerinde orta düzeylerde, Cu bakımından sorunsuz; ancak Zn bakımından üç bahçe çok yetersiz,
Mn bakımından ise dört bahçe yetersiz durumdadır. Topraklarda ağır metal kirlenmesi saptanmamıştır.
Yaprak örneklerinde ise Pb ve Cr bakımından bahçelerin %70’i kirli, Co yönü ile
bütün bahçeler, Ni bakımından ise bahçelerin %80’i kirlenmiş durumdadır. Tüm bahçelerin Cd
içeriği bakımından sorunsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz N, Akbaş ME, Özcan K, Moghaddam AF, 1994. Tarımsal Araştırmaların Değerlendirilmesi için PC Paketi TARİST. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 25–29 Nisan 1994, 264–267, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Alloway BJ, 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. Blackie, London, 339p.
  • Alpaslan M, Güneş A, İnal A, 1998. Deneme Tekniği. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 1501, Ders Kitabı No: 455, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 1951. Soil Survey Manuel, Agricultural Research Administration United States Department of Agriculture, Handbook:18 340–377.
  • Başar H, Özgümüş A, 1999. Değisik Demirli Gübre ve Dozlarının Şeftali Ağaçlarının Bazı Mikro Besin Elementi İçerikleri Üzerine Etkisi Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 273–281.
  • Bergmann W, 1992. Ernahrungstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen. Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Bingham FT, 1949. Soil Test for Phosphate. California Agr. 3(7):11–14.
  • Black CA, 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis Recalibration of Hydrometer for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal 43: 9.
  • Bouyoucos GJ, 1955. A Recalibration of the Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analysis of the Soils. Agronomy J. 4(9): 434.
  • Bremner JM, 1965. Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen. Methods of Soil Analysis. (Ed:Black, C.A), American Soc. of Agron. Inc. Publ. Madison Wis., USA, 1197-1287.
  • Çağlar KÖ, 1949. Toprak Bilgisi. A.Ü.Z.F.Yayınları. No:10.
  • FAO, 1990. Micronutrient, Assessment at the Country Level: An International Study. FAO Soil Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa, Rome.
  • Fawzi AFA, El-Fouly MM, 1980. Soil and Leaf Analysis of Potassium in Different Areas of Egypt. Preceeding of the International Workshop “Role of Potassium in Crop Production” .L979, Cairo p: 73.
  • Follet RH, 1969. Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in Colorado Soils. PhD. Dissertation. Colo. State Univ.
  • Giusquiani PL, Pagliai M, Gigliotti G, Businelli D, Benetti A, 1995. Urban Waste Compost: Effects on Physical, Chemical, and Biochemical Soil Properties. Journal of Environmental Quality: 24: 175–182.
  • Güner H, 1969. Toprak Verimliliği Yönünden Toprakların Kimyasal Analizleri. Türkiye Toprak İlmi Derneği 3. Bilimsel Toplantı Tebliğleri, Yayın No: 1, 313.
  • Haktanır K, Arcak S, 1998. Çevre Kirliliği. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No:1503, Ankara, 323 s.
  • Hasselbach G, 1992. Ergebnisse zum Schwemetalltransfer Boden/Pflanze aufgrund von Gfáβversuchen und chemischen Extraktionsverfahren mit Boden aus Langjährigen Klärschlamm-Feldversuchen Inaugural-beim Fachbereich Agrarwissenschaften der Justus- Liebig-Üniversität Gieβen.
  • Isaac AR, Kerber JD, 1969. Instrumental Methods for Analysis of Soil and Plant
  • Tissue. Perkin Elmer Corp. Atomic Absorption Dept. Norwalk.
  • İbrikçi H, Gülüt KY, Güzel N, 1994. Gübrelemede Bitki Analiz Teknikleri. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Genel Yayın No: 95. Ders Kitapları yayın No:8, Adana.
  • Jackson M, 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall Inc. Eng .Cliffs, USA.
  • Jafarzadeh AA, Shahbazi F, 2010. Suitability of Peach in Souma Area (Iran) Using Almagra Model. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1–6 August , Brisbane, Australia.
  • Johnson RS, Andris H, Day K, Bede R, 2006. Using Dormant Shoots to Determine The Nutritional Status of Peach Trees. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 721:285–290.
  • Jones JR, Wolf B, Mills HA, 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro Macro Publishing, Inc. USA.
  • Jorgensen RG, Meyer B, Roden A, Wittke B, 1996. Microbial Activity and Biomass in Mixture Treatments of Soil and Biogenic Municipal Refuse Compost. Biology and Fertility of Soils:23, 43–49.
  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H, 1984. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants 3. ed. Boca Raton: CRC 315p.
  • Kacar B, İnal A, 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ISBN:978-605-395-036-3.Ankara, 891s.
  • Kacar B, Katkat AV, 2007. Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayın ISBN:978-975-591-834-1. Ankara, 559s.
  • Kenworty A, 1979. Growth and Composition of Leaves and Roots of Cherry Leaves in Relation to in Nutritient Solutions. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.79, 63-71.
  • Kick H, Bürger H, Jommer K, 1980. Gesamtgehalte an Pb, Zn, Sn, As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, Cr und Co in Londwirtschafflich und Görtnerisch Genutzen Boden Nordhein-Westfalen Landwirt Schaffliche Forschung No: 33, 1.
  • Kloke A, 1980, Orientierugsdaten für Tolerierbare Gesamtgehalte Einiger Elemente in Kulturboden, Mitt, VDLUFA, H, 1-3, 9-11.
  • Kloke A, 1982. Erläuterungen Zur Klärsch lamm Verordnung and wirtsch. Fors. Soderhs 39: 302-308.
  • Leece DR, 1976. Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders of Fruit Trees By Leaf and Soil Analysis and biochemical indices. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci 42: 3-19.
  • Biochemical Indices. J. Aust. Inst. Agric Sci: 42; 7-19.
  • Lepp NW, 1981. Efect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants. In: Effects of Trace Metal on Plant Function, Vol.1 Applied Science Publishers, London, 352 p.
  • Linsday WL, Norvell WA, 1978. Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil. Sci. Soc. of Amer. Journal, 42: 421-428.
  • Loue A, 1968. Diagnostic Petiolarie de Prospection. Etudes sur la Nutrition et le Fertilisation Potasiques de la Vigne Socie’te Commerciale des Potasses d’alsaee Services Agronomiques 31–41.
  • Mengel K, Kırkby EA, 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. I.P.I. CH. 3048 Worblaufen-Bern.
  • Perucci P, 1992. Enzyme Activity and Microbial Biomass in a Field Soil Amended with Municipal Refuse. Biology and Fertility of Soils:14: 54–60.
  • Pratt PF, 1965. Potassium Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Amer. Soc. of Agro. Inc. Pub. US, 1022 p.
  • Reuter DJ, Robinson JB, 1986. Plant Analysis, An Interpretation Manual, National Library of Australia, Inkata Pres, Melborne, Sydney-Avustralia,159–161pp.
  • Schachtschabel P, Blume HP, 1984. Hartge. K.H. und Schwertmann. U. Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. F. Enke Verlag. Stuttgart, 441 p.
  • Scheffer F, Schachtschabel P, 1989. Lehrbuck der Bodenkunde. 12 neu Bearb. Aufl. Unter Mıtarb. Von W.R., Fischer Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuuugart.
  • TÜİK, 2011. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tarım İstatistikleri Özeti. Ankara.
  • Yağmur B, Okur B, 2011. İzmir Kemalpaşa İlçesi Kiraz Bahçelerinin Verimlilik Durumları ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Derim 28 (02): 1–13.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bülent Yağmur

Bülent Okur

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster