Effect of Season on Ovulatory Response and Reproductive Performance in Noncyclic Lactating Dairy Cows Synchronized with Ovsynch

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 98 - 105, 26.12.2022

Barış Güner , Ebru Karakaya Bilen

https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.1165972

Öz

The aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2α (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cool, Noncyclic, Ovsynch, Warm, Season

Proje Numarası

YOKTUR

Kaynakça

• Alnimer MA, Tabbaa MJ, Ababneh MM and Lubbadeh WF 2009. Applying variations of the Ovsynch protocol at the middle ofthe estrus cycle on reproductive performance of lactating dairycows during summer and winter. Theriogenology. 72: 731-40.
• Badinga L, Thatcher WW, Diaz T, Drost M, Wolfenson D 1993. Effect of environmental heat stress on follicular development and steroidogenesis in lactating Holstein cows. Theriogenology, 39(4): 797- 810.
• Bello NM, Steibel JP, Pursley JR 2006. Optimizing ovulation to first GnRH improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 89(9): 3413-24.
• Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Santos JEP 2010. Follicular wave of the ovulatory follicle and not cyclic status influences fertility of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 93(8): 3578-87.
• Cartmill JA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Hensley BA, Lamb GC, Stevenson JS 2001. Stage of cycle, incidence, and timing of ovulation, and pregnancy rates in dairy cattle after three timed breeding protocols. J Dairy Sci. 84(5): 1051-59.
• Carvalho PD, Wiltbank MC, Fricke PM 2015. Manipulation of progesterone to increase ovulatory response to the first GnRH treatment of an Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows receiving first timed artificial insemination. J Dairy Sci. 98(12): 8800-13.
• Chebel RC, Santos JE, Cerri RL, Rutigliano HM, Bruno RG 2006. Reproduction in dairy cows following progesterone insert presynchronization and resynchronization protocols. J Dairy Sci. 89: 4205-19.
• De Rensis F, Scaramuzzi RJ 2003. Heat stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow-a review. Theriogenology. 60: 1139-51.
• De Rensis F, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F 2015. Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology. 84(5): 659-66.
• De Rensis F, López-Gatius F, Garcia-Ispierto I, Morini G, Scaramuzzi RJ 2017. Causes of declining fertility in dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology. 91: 145-53.
• De Rensis F, Saleri R, Garcia-Ispierto I, Scaramuzzi R, López-Gatius F 2021. Effects of heat stress on follicular physiology in dairy cows. Animals. 11(12): 3406.
• Dikmen S, Hansen PJ 2009. Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment?. J Dairy Sci. 92(1): 109-16.
• Dirandeh E 2014. Starting Ovsynch protocol on day 6 of first postpartum estrous cycle increased fertility in dairy cows by affecting ovarian response during heat stress. Anim Reprod Sci. 149(3-4): 135- 140.
• El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA 2015. Impact of maternal heat stress at insemination on the subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein, Brown Swiss, and their crosses. Theriogenology. 84(9): 1523-29.
• Ferguson JD, Galligan DT, Thomsen N 1994. Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 77: 2695- 2703.
• Garcia-Ispierto I, De Rensis F, Pérez-Salas JA, Nunes JM, Pradés B, Serrano-Pérez B, López-Gatius F 2019. The GnRH analogue dephereline given in a fixed-time AI protocol improves ovulation and embryo survival in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci. 122: 170-4.
• Gumen A, Guenther JN, Wiltbank MC 2003. Follicular size and response to ovsynch versus detection of estrus in anovular and ovular lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 86: 3184-94.
• Hansen JE 2002. Embryonic stem cell production through therapeuticcloning has fewer ethical problems than stem cell harvest fromsurplus IVF embryos. J Med Ethics. 28: 86-8.
• Hansen PJ 2019. Reproductive physiology of the heat-stressed dairy cow: implications for fertility and assisted reproduction. Ani Reprod. 16: 497-507.
• Keskin A, Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu G, Gumen A, Karakaya E, Darici R, Okut H 2010. Effect of hCG vs. GnRH at the beginning of the Ovsynch on first ovulation and conception rates in cyclic lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 74(4): 602-07.
• Keskin A, Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu G, Gumen A, Karakaya E, Celik Y, Okut H, Wiltbank, MC 2011. Comparison of responses to Ovsynch between Holstein-Friesian and Swedish Red cows. J Dairy Sci. 94(4): 1784-89.
• Keskin A, Mecitoğlu G, Bilen E, Güner B, Orman A, Okut H, Gümen A 2016. The effect of ovulatory follicle size at the time of insemination on pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows. Turk J Vet Ani Sci. 40(1): 68-74.
• López-Gatius F 2003. Is fertility declining in dairy cattle? A retrospective study in northeastern Spain. Theriogenology. 60: 89-99.
• López-Gatius F, López-Béjar M, Fenech M, Hunter RHF 2005. Ovulation failure and double ovulation in dairy cattle: risk factors and effects. Theriogenology. 63(5): 1298-1307.
• McDowell D, Hooven N, Cameron K 1979. Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J Dairy Sci. 68: 2418-35.
• Moreira F, Orlandi C, Risco CA, Mattos R, Lopes FL, Thatcher WW 2001. Effects of presynchronization and bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 84: 1646-59.
• Nanas I, Barbagianni M, Dadouli K, Dovolou E, Amiridis GS 2021. Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle. Reprod Domes Anim. 56(10): 1329-41.
• National Research Council 1971. A guide to environmental research on animals, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
• National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised ed., National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
• Pursley JR, Kosorok MR, Wiltbank MC 1997. Reproductive management of lactating dairy cows using synchronization of ovulation. J Dairy Sci. 80: 301-06.
• Pursley JR, Fricke PM, Garverick HA, Kesler DJ, Ottobre JS, Stevenson JS, Wiltbank MC 2001. Improved fertility in noncycling lactating dairy cows treated with exogenous progesterone during Ovsynch. J Dairy Sci. 84: 1563.
• Roth Z, Meidan R, Braw-Tal R, Wolfenson D 2000. Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows. J Reprod Fertil. 120(1): 83-90.
• Roth Z, Arav A, Bor A, Zeron Z, Braw-Tal R, Wolfenson D 2001. Improvement of quality of oocytes collected in the autumn by enhanced removal of impaired follicles from preovulatory heatstressed cows. Reproduction. 122: 737-44.
• Roth Z 2008. Heat stress, the follicle, and its enclosed oocyte: mechanisms and potential strategies to improve fertility in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim. 43: 238-44.
• Santos JE, Thatcher WW, Pool L, Overton MW 2001. Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on luteal function and reproductive performance of high-producing lactating Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci. 79(11): 2881-94.
• Santos JEP, Rutigliano HM, SáFilho MF 2009. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 110: 207-21.
• Santos JEP, Bisinotto RS, Ribeiro ES 2016. Mechanisms underlying reduced fertility in anovular dairy cows. Theriogenology. 86: 254-62.
• Sartori R, Fricke PM, Ferreira JC, Ginther OJ, Wiltbank MC 2001. Follicular deviation and acquisition of ovulatory capacity in bovine follicles. Biol Reprod. 65(5): 1403-09.
• Schüller LK, Burfeind O, Heuwieser W 2014. Impact of heat stress on conception rate of dairy cows in the moderate climate considering different temperature humidity index thresholds, periods relative to breeding, and heat load indices. Theriogenology. 81: 1050-57.
• Schüller LK, Michaelis I, Heuwiese, W 2017. Impact of heat stress on estrus expression and follicle size in estrus under field conditions in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 102: 48-53.
• Stevenson JS, Pursley JR, Garverick HA, Fricke PM, Kesler DJ, Ottobre JS and Wiltbank MC 2006. Treatment of cycling or noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during the Ovsynch. J Dairy Sci. 89: 2567-2578.
• Thornton P, Nelson G, Mayberry D, Herrero M 2021. Increases in extreme heat stress in domesticated livestock species during the twenty‐first century. Glob Chang Biol. 27(22): 5762-72.
• Vasconcelos JLM, Silcox RW, Rosa GJM, Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC 1999. Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 52(6): 1067-78.
• Voelz BE, Rocha L, Scortegagna F, Stevenson JS, Mendonça LGD 2016. Treatment of lactating dairy cows with gonadotropin-releasing hormone before first insemination during summer heat stress. J Dairy Sci. 99(9): 7612-23.
• Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH 2010. Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 93(2): 644-55.
• Whether online 2019. https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city.
• Wijma R, Stangaferro ML, Masello M, Granados GE, Giordano JO 2017. Resynchronization of ovulation protocols for dairy cows including or not including gonadotropin-releasing hormone to induce a new follicular wave: Effects on re-insemination pattern, ovarian responses, and pregnancy outcomes. J Dairy Sci. 100(9): 7613-25.
• Wiltbank MC, Gümen A, Sartori R 2002. Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology. 57: 21-52.
• Wiltbank MC, Gümen A, Lopez H, Sartori R 2008. Management and treatment of dairycows that are not cycling or follicular cysts. Cattle Pract. 16: 14-19.
• Wiltbank MC, Souza AH, Carvalho PD, Cunha AP, Giordano JO, Fricke PM, Baez GM, Diskin MG 2014. Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle. Animal. 8(s1): 70- 81.
• Wolfenson D, Thatcher WW, Badinga L, Savio JD, Meidan R, Lew BJ, Braw-Tal R, Berman A 1995. Effect of heat stress on follicular development during the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cattle. Biol Reprod. 52(5): 1106-13.
• Wolfenson D, Roth Z 2019. Impact of heat stress on cow reproduction and fertility. Anim Front. 9(1): 32-38.
• Zolini AM, Ortiz WG, Estrada-Cortes E, Ortega MS, Dikmen S, Sosa F, Giordano JO, Hansen PJ 2019. Interactions of human chorionic gonadotropin with genotype and parity on fertility responses of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 102(1); 846-56.