Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinin Geleceğini Yeniden Düşünmek: Fransa’da Yükselen Popülist Radikal Sağ ve Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Üyeliğine Bakışı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı - Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 201 - 220, 25.10.2023

Fulya Akgül Durakçay

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1349127

Öz

Türkiye'nin Avrupa bütünleşmesinin başlangıcından beri Avrupa Birliği (AB) kurumları içinde yer almak istemesi kendisinin Avrupalı bir devlet olarak tanımlanma amacı ile ilişkilidir. Türkiye ile 2005 yılında tam üyelik için müzakerelere başlanmış olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’nin Avrupalılığı tartışılmaya devam etmektedir. Fransa, bu tartışmaların en yoğun gerçekleştiği üye ülkelerden biridir. Türkiye’nin AB üyelik sürecinde önemli bir role sahip Fransa’da popülist radikal sağ yükseliştedir. Makalenin amacı, Türkiye’nin AB içindeki veya dışındaki geleceği için belirleyici unsurlardan biri olan Fransa’da Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğinin popülist radikal sağ tarafından nasıl tasvir edildiğini analiz etmektir. Çalışma, son dönemlerde seçim başarısını artırarak Fransa siyasetinin önemli bir aktörü hâline gelen Ulusal Cephe/Ulusal Birlik partisinin Marine Le Pen liderliğinde (2011-2022) Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğine yönelik söylemlerini ve tutumunu, popülizm ve dış politika çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmada, birincil kaynak olarak parti programları, seçim manifestoları, basın açıklamaları ve Twitter hesapları üzerinden sosyal medyadaki paylaşımlarından ve ikincil literatürden yararlanılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğine iç içe geçen göç, İslam, Avrupa şüpheciliği ve egemenlik temaları üzerinden karşı çıkılarak Fransa ve Avrupa kimliğine bir tehdit olarak tasvir edildiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği, Fransa, Popülist Radikal Sağ Partiler, Dış Politika

Reconsidering the Future of Türkiye-European Union Relations: The Rise of Populist Radical Right in France and Its Position on Türkiye’s European Union Membership

Öz

Türkiye's desire to take part in the European Union (EU) institutions since the beginning of European integration is related to its purpose of being defined as a European state. Although Türkiye started negotiations for full membership in 2005, Türkiye’s Europeanness continues to be discussed. France is an EU member where these discussions are intensely debated. Populist radical right is on the rise in France, who has a significant role in Türkiye’s EU membership process. This article aims to analyse how Türkiye’s EU membership is portrayed by the populist radical right in France, as a determinant for Türkiye’s future in or outside the EU. This study analyses Marine Le Pen’s (2011-2022) discourses and position of Türkiye’s EU membership, as the party leader of the National Front/National Rally which has established itself as an important actor due to its recent electoral success, within the framework of populism and foreign policy. The study benefits from party programmes, election manifestos, press releases and Twitter posts of the party and the leader as primary sources, and secondary literature. The study finds that Türkiye’s EU membership is opposed on the grounds of overlapping themes of migration, Islam, Euroscepticism and sovereignty, portrayed as a threat to French and European identity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, European Union, France, Populist Radical Right Parties, Foreign Policy

Kaynakça

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