A detailed experimental knowledge on differentiation of nutritional quality depending on the phenological stages of native cool season grasses and satisfying the daily maintenance requirements of livestock

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 279 - 294, 18.12.2019

Nafiz Çeliktaş , Ersin Can Şerafettin Kaya , Veli Uygur

Öz

Aims:
For a proper range management and livestock feeding operations need to detailed
chemical analyses and knowledge on pasture composition.

Methods and Results:
Seven native cool-season grasses
that are Festuca arundinaceae L., Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv., Phleum pretense L., Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus
inermis Leyss., Lolium perenne L.
and Hordeum bulbosum L. were
evaluated for their nutritive value at five different phenological stages. The
chemical composition, quality and therefore their feeding value so the animal
performance are directly under control of the stage of plant phenology. Stage
of plant maturity decreases dry matter digestibility, dry matter intake and
protein content, but increases in lignocellulosic structure with the advance
phenology of the whole investigated perennial species.

Conclusions:
The species which have thickand
longer leaves, and higher leaf/stem ratio determined as the more digestible,
and also the metabolizable energy of the fast growing ones was considerably
higher. The vast majority of the minerals’ concentration was distinctly reduced
at stem elongation to flowering and then increased remarkably from that point
to developing seed stalks. The fast growing species accumulated the minerals
more. Grass Tetany risk (K/(Ca+Mg)) of the investigated species increased
remarkably at head emergence and flowering stage. Most of the species were
detected within the boundaries of the recommended
Ca/P ratio for diet.

Significance and Impact of
the Study: The
native pastures seem to satisfy the daily maintenance requirements of most
livestock in respect to most minerals without any supplementation via correct
timing for feeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

feed quality, livestock, maintenance requirement, native grasses, plant growth stages

Doğal serin iklim buğdaygil yembitkilerinin bitki gelişme dönemlerine bağlı yem kalitesi değişimi ve çiftlik hayvanlarının günlük ihtiyacını karşılayabilme yetenekleri

Öz

Amaç: Doğru bir mera
yönetimi ve hayvan besleme ilkeleri açısından mera kompozisyonu üzerinde
detaylı kimyasal inceleme ve yoğun bir bilgiye ihtiyaç vardır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mevcut araştırmada; doğal çok
yıllık serin mevsim buğdaygil türleri, Festuca
arundinaceae L., Brachypodium
pinnatum (L.) Beauv., Phleum pretense
L., Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss., Lolium perenne L. ve Hordeum bulbosum L. beş farklı bitki gelişim
döneminde hayvan besleme kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bitki kimyasal
kompozisyonu, kalite ve dolayısıyla besleme değerleri yani hayvan performansı
bitki gelişim dönemlerinden doğrudan etkilenmektedir. İncelenen tüm türlerde
kuru maddenin sindirilebilirliği, alımı ve protein içerikleri bitki
olgunlaşması ile birlikte azaltırken, lignifikasyon artmıştır.

Genel Yorum: İnce uzun yapraklı ve
yaprak/sap oranı yüksek olan türlerin sindirilebilirlik oranlarının daha yüksek
oldukları belirlenmiştir. Hızlı büyüyen türlerde ise metabolize olabilir enerji
içeriğinin yüksekliği dikkate değer bulunmuştur Mineral elementlerin büyük
çoğunluğunun konsantrasyonu sapa kalkma ve çiçeklenme dönemi arasında belirgin
şekilde azalırken, bu dönemden başak/salkım çıkarma aşamasına kadar önemli bir
artış saptanmıştır. Hızlı büyüyen türlerde mineral element birikimi de daha
fazla gerçekleşmiştir. İncelenen türlerde çayır tetanisi riski (K/(Ca+Mg))
çiçeklenme aşamasında belirgin bir şekilde artış göstermiştir. Hesaplanan Ca/P
oranının, tüm türler için rasyonda olması önerilen sınırlar içinde bulunduğu
değerlendirilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma bulguları incelenen
doğal mera bitkilerinin, çoğu mineral element açısından çiftlik hayvanlarının
günlük gereksinimlerini, herhangi bir ilaveye gerek olmaksızın karşılayabilecek
kapasitede olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feed quality, livestock, maintenance requirement, native grasses

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