Isolation of endophytic bacterial isolates from healthy banana trees and determination of their in vitro antagonistic activities against crown rot disease agent Fusarium verticillioides

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 36 - 46, 08.04.2022

Merve Kara , Soner Soylu

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1021349

Cited By: 5

Öz

Aims: Fungal diseases are one of the most important biotic factors causing serious losses in banana cultivation in field or greenhouses during cultivation, harvest, storage and transportation periods. Crown rot, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is considered one of the most important postharvest fungal disease of banana fruits. In this study, endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from fruits, branches and leaves of healthy banana trees and their antagonistic potentials were investigated against F. verticillioides as a biological control agent (BCA) in vitro conditions.

Methods and Results: A total of 23 putative endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from fruits, stems and leaves of healthy banana trees. All bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry) analysis. In vitro antagonistic efficiencies of 12 different bacterial isolates, from eight different species (Bacillus subtilis ssp. spizizenii (3), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2), Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis (2), Bacillus mojavensis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter ludwigii and Pseudomonas stutzeri), were tested on inhibiting mycelial growth by using dual culture tests. Among bacterial isolates, the highest antagonistic activity was displayed by Bacillus mojavensis BEn3 isolate which significantly inhibited the mycelial growth by 50.83%. Enterobacter cloacae BEn1, Enterobacter ludwigii BEn2, Enterobacter faecium BEn7, however, failed to inhibit the mycelial growth of fungi.

Conclusions: Significant suppression in the mycelial growth caused by endophytic bacterial isolates indicates that Bacillus mojavensis BEn3 isolate could be considered as possible BCA against crown rot disease agent.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Our findings suggest that B. mojavensis Ben3, as the most successful endophyte bacterial isolate that suppresses the growth of F. verticillioides, can be used as a promising biological control agent as an alternative to chemical control against crown rot disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Banana, biological control, endophytic bacteria, crown rot, Fusarium verticillioides

Sağlıklı muz ağaçlarından endofit bakteri izolatlarının izolasyonu ve taç çürüklüğü hastalığı etmeni Fusarium verticillioides’e karşı antagonistik etkinliklerinin in vitro koşullarda belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Fungal hastalıklar tarla veya seralarda muz yetiştiriciliğinde ekim, hasat, depolama ve nakliye dönemlerinde ciddi kayıplara neden olan en önemli biyotik faktörlerden biridir. Fusarium verticillioides'in neden olduğu taç çürüklüğü, muz meyvelerinin en önemli hasat sonrası fungal hastalıklarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı muz ağaçlarının meyve, dal ve yapraklarından endofitik bakteri izolatları elde edilmiş ve biyolojik kontrol ajanı (BCA) olarak antagonistik potansiyelleri F. verticillioides'e karşı in vitro koşullarda araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Sağlıklı muz ağaçlarının meyvelerinden, gövdelerinden ve yapraklarından toplam 23 adet aday endofit bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Tüm bakteri izolatları MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorpsiyon Ionization-Time Of Flight Kütle Spektrometresi) analizi ile tanımlanmıştır. Sekiz farklı türden 12 farklı bakteri izolatının (Bacillus subtilis ssp. spizizenii (3), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2), Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis (2), Bacillus mojavensis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter ludwigii ve Pseudomonas stutzeri) misel büyümesinin engellenmesindeki in vitro antagonistik etkinlikleri ikili kültür testleri ile test edilmiştir. Bakteri izolatları arasında en yüksek antagonistik aktivite misel gelişimini %50.83 oranında engelleyen Bacillus mojavensis BEn3 izolatı tarafından gösterilmiştir. Bakteriyel izolatlar arasından Enterobacter cloacae BEn1, Enterobacter ludwigii BEn2, Enterobacter faecium BEn7 izolatları fungal etmenin misel gelişimini engellemede başarısız olmuştur.

Genel Yorum: Endofit bakteri izolatlarının fungal etmenin misel gelişimini önemli düzeylerde baskılamış olması, Bacillus mojavensis BEN3 izolatının taç çürüklüğü etmenine karşı olası biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kabul edilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bulgularımız, F. verticillioides’in gelişimini baskılayan en başarılı endofit bakteri izolatı olan B. mojavensis Ben3’in taç çürüklüğü hastalığına karşı kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif ve umut verici bir biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılabileceğini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Muz, Biyolojik mücadele, endofit bakteri, taç çürüklüğü, Fusarium verticillioides

Kaynakça

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