Kolonyal Hava Polisliğinden “Teröre Karşı Savaş”ta Dronlara: Bir Devlet Terörizmi Biçimi Olarak Hava Gücü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 1, 185 - 218, 15.03.2024

Ömer Çona

Öz

Güvenlik ve terörizm çalışmalarında insansız hava araçlarına ilişkin analizler daha çok savaşın taktik ve stratejik değişimine olan etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Bu silahın yarattığı şiddetin “Teröre Karşı Savaş” gibi terörizmle mücadele kampanyalarında sivillere yönelik bir tür devlet terörü biçimi olduğu literatürde yeterince tartışılmamıştır. Bunu ortaya koymak için makalede sömürge döneminde kolonyal hava polisliği misyonunu benimseyen erken dönem emperyal hava gücü ile ABD’nin Teröre Karşı Savaş’taki dron programının tarihsel-sosyolojik bir perspektiften karşılaştırılması yapılacaktır. Böylece dron şiddetinin sömürge geçmişinden miras kalan bir tür devlet terörizminin çağdaş yansıması olduğu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışma özelde Pakistan’ın Federal Aşiretler Bölgesi (FATA)’ni vaka incelemesi olarak ele alsa da esasen sömürge geçmişinin mirasını taşıyan çağdaş terörizmle mücadele alanlarının benzer niteliğine göndermeler yapmaktadır.
Makalenin birinci bölümünde hava gücünün gelişiminden özet olarak bahsedilecek ve sömürge döneminde uçakların ayaklanmalara karşı koymadaki tarihine değinilecektir. İkinci bölümde "Teröre Karşı Savaş" özelinde insansız hava araçlarının terörizmle mücadele araçları olarak kullanımı tartışması yapılacaktır. Makalenin üçüncü bölümünde, hava gücünün terörizmin bir aracı olarak değerlendirildiği kolonyal şiddet dönemi ile ABD’nin günümüzde Teröre Karşı Savaş’ta uyguladığı dron saldırıları arasında bir süreklilik ilişkisi kurulacaktır. Dördüncü bölümde ise her iki şiddet biçiminin sivillere yönelik devlet terörizminin bir yansıması olduğu ortaya konularak, dronların sömürge dönemi hava polisliğini miras edinen çağdaş bir hava gücü oluşu örneklendirilecektir.
Kolonyal hava gücü şiddeti ile dron saldırılarını bir süreklilik ilişkisi içerisinde karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmek ve her iki şiddet biçimini devlet terörizmi meselesine bağlamak, güvenlik ve terörizm araştırmalarına eleştirel bir katkı imkânı sunacaktır. Bunun yanı sıra makalenin, devlet terörizmine yönelik olarak terörizm disiplinindeki teorik ve vaka incelemelerinin noksanlığını bir ölçüde giderme iddiası bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsansız Hava Araçları, Teröre Karşı Savaş, Devlet Terörizmi, Sömürgecilik, Hava Gücü.

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