Din, Ahlak, Evrim

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 201 - 228, 30.06.2015

Nuri Çiçek

https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.130255

Öz

Din nasıl evrimleşmiştir? Din bizlerin ahlaki inanışları ve ahlaki davranışlarımız üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahiptir? Bazı akademisyenler dinin özgecilik davranışını bir kimsenin ait olduğu gurubun üyelerine yönelik geliştirmek üzere evrimleştiğini ortaya attığından bu sorular bir biriyle ilişkilidir. Burada anket çalışmalarından, hazırlık deneylerinden ve dinin ırksal ön yargı üzerine etkileri üzerine korelasyon çalışmalarından edinilen verileri gözden geçirip değerlendirdim (hem ülke içi hem de diğer ülkeleri kapsayan). Bu çalışmalardan, dinin iyi ahlaki etkilere ve güçlü kötü ahlaki etkilere sahip olduğu sonucuna vardım. Ama bunlar başka insan uygulamalarıyla birlikte paylaşılan dinin boyutlarına bağlıydı. İlgi çekici bir şekilde, özellikle dini inanışlar için çok az bir delil bulunmaktaydı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özgecilik, Ateizm, İnanç, Nezaket, Ön Yargı, Sofuluk, Doğaüstü İnanış

RELIGION, MORALITY, EVOLUTION

Öz

How did religion evolve? What effect does religion have on our moral beliefs andmoral actions? These questions are related, as some scholars propose that religion has evolved to enhance altruistic behavior toward members of one’s group. I review here data from survey studies (both within and across countries), priming experiments, and correlational studies of the effects of religion on racial prejudice. I conclude that religion has powerfully good moral effects and powerfully bad moral effects, but these are due to aspects of religion that are shared by other human practices. There is surprisingly little evidence for a moral effect of specifically religious beliefs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altruism, Atheism, Faith, Kindness, Prejudice, Religiosity, Supernatural Belief

Kaynakça

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