Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola (Araceae)’dan distile edilen uçucu yağın GK/KS analizi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 97 - 102, 30.01.2024
Hatice Demiray
,
Betül Demirci
,
Hasan Yıldırım
Öz
Amaç: Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola yöresel adıyla Dağ Sorsalının, halk ilacı olarak hemorroit, egzema, romatizma, ve özellikle kanser hastalıklarında kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle aşırı toplanma sonucunda tehdit altındaki türler kategorisine dahil edilen bitkinin toprak üstü kısımlarının uçucu yağ bileşiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola’nın topraküstü kısımları Antalya (Kaş)’nın, Palamut köyünden toplanmış ve uçucu yağı Clevenger apareyi kullanılarak su distilasyonu yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen uçucu yağın bileşimi eş zamanlı olarak gaz Kromatografisi (GK) ve gaz kromatografisi/ kütle spektrometresi (GK/KS) sistemleri ile tayin edildi.
Bulgular: Ana bileşik (E)-geranil aseton (%15) olurken, hekzahidrofarnesil aseton (%9.2), nonanal (%6.8), heptakosan (%6.5), farnesil aseton (%5.0), trikosan (%4.9), ve 2-dodekanon (%3.8) diğer önemli bileşikler olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: A. rupicola var. rupicola’ nın uçucu yağ içeriğinde farnesil aseton (%5) ve hekzahidrofarnesil aseton (%9.2) varlığı yeni bir kayıttır. Taksonomik özellik olarak α-farnesen (%95) içeren tek tür Arum creticum dur. Bayraklı ve kokusuz bir tür olarak bilinen A. rupicola var. rupicola’da da farnesil aseton ve hekzahidrofarnesil aseton bulunmaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Hayvanlar üzerinde deney yapılmamıştır, o nedenle etik kurul izni gerektiren bir durum yoktur.
Kaynakça
- 1. Boissier PE. Flora Orientalis. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1853; 13:5-10.
- 2. Engler A. Arum. Monog. Phanerog. 1879; 2: 580-597.
- 3. Engler A. Arum. Das Pflanzenr. 1920;73 (IV. 23F):67-99.
- 4. Boyce, PC. The genus Arum (Araceae) in Greece and Cyprus. Ann. Mus. Goulandris 1994;9:27–38.
- 5. Mayo SJ, Bogner J, Boyce PC. The Genera of Araceae. Kew Gardens. 1997;370.
- 6. Linz J, Stökl J, Urru I, Krügel T, Stensmayr MC, Hansson BS. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Arum (Araceae) inferred from multi-locus sequence data and AFLPs. Taxon 2010;59(2):405-415.
- 7. Grayum MH. Evolution and phylogenie of the Araceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 2003;77:628–697.
- 8. Mill RR. Arum L. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1984; 8: 41-62. Edinburgh University. Edinburgh.
- 9. Boyce PC. Arum-A decade of change. Aroideana 2006;29:132–137.
- 10. Lobin W, Neumann M, Bogner J, Boyce PC. A new Arum species (Areae, Araceae) from NE Turkey and Georgia. Willdenowia 2007;37:445-449.
- 11. Alpınar K. Arum L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. ve Babaç, M.T. (eds). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayını, İstanbul, 2012;86–88.
- 12. Yıldırım H, Altıoğlu Y. Türkiye için yeni bir takson kaydı: Arum sintenisii (Engl.) PC Boyce (Araceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 2016;3(1):47-54.
- 13. Yıldırım H. Arum L., In: Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I. ve Çimen, A.Ö. (eds.). Resimli Türkiye Florası 2018; 2: 545-574. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
14. Yıldırım H, Özdöl T, Çelik M. Arum meryemianum: Güneydoğu Anadolu’dan Yeni Bir Arum/Yılanyastığı (Aracaeae) Türü. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 2023;10(1):32-40. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.1270178
- 15. Kite GC. The floral odour of Arum maculatum. Bioch. Syst. & Ecol 1995;23(4):343–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
- 16. Kite GC, Hetterscheid WLA, Lewis MJ, Boyce PC, Ollerton J, Cocklin E, Diaz A, Simmonds MSJ. Inflorescence odours and pollinators of Arum and Amorphophallus (Araceae). In: S.J. Owens and P:J: Rudall (Editors). Reprod. Biol. 1998; 295-315. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- 17. Bozyel ME, et al. Ethnomedicinal Uses of Araceae Taxa in Turkish Traditional Medicine. IJAAR 2020;4(5):78-87.
- 18. Kıvanç MR, Türkoglu V. Investigation of the effects of natural compounds isolated from Arum rupicola var. rupicola on glutathione reductase enzyme purified from bovine liver. Biomed. Chromatogr 2019;33.
- 19. Kıvanç MR. Investigation of Biological and Chemical Effects of Extracts from Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola. BEU J Sci & Technol. 2022;11(2):574-585.
- 20. Kunter I, et al. Anti-carcinogenic Activities of Different Extracts of Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola from Turkey. Proceedings 2019;40:31.
- 21. H. Demiray, et al. Chemical Constituents from Rheum ribes Shoots and its Insecticidal Activity Against Aedes aegypti. Rev. Brasil. Farmacog. 2022;32(1):81-85.
- 22. Kianinia S, Farjam MH. Chemical and Biological Evolution of Essential Oil of Arum maculatum. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 2018;42:395–399.
- 23. Haghighi H. Essential Oil of the Leaves of Arum conophalloides (Araceae). Iran. J. Pharm. Sci 2016;12(3):11-16.
- 24. Yabalak E. Radical Scavenging Activity and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extract from Arum dioscoridis SM. var. dioscoridis and Determination of Its Mineral and Trace Elements. JOTCSA 2018;5(1):205-218.
25. Abdelshafeek K, Abdelkareem M, Saad FA. GC/MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents from Arum cyreniacum Flowers. Eurasian J. Anal. Chem. 2018;13(4):em37.
- 26. Alves V, et al. Beer volatile fingerprinting at different brewing steps. Food Chem 2020;326:126856.
- 27. Urru I, et al. Pollination strategies in Cretan Arum lilies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc 2010;101:991-1001.
- 28. Peakall R. Responses of male Zaspilothynnus trilobatus turner wasps to females and the sexually deceptive orchid it pollinates. Funct. Ecol 1990;4:159.
- 29. Schiestl FP, et al. Orchid pollination by sexual swindle. Nature 1999;399:421.
- 30. Schiestl FP, et al. The chemistry of sexual deception in an orchid-was pollination system. Science 2003;302:437.
- 30. Anderson C, Janssen T. Monocots. In: Hedges SB, Kumar S, eds. The timetree of life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. pp.203-212.
- 31. Moodie GEE. Heat production and pollination in Araceae. Canad. J. Bot. 2011;54:545–546.
- 32. Diaz A, Kite GC. A comparison f the pollination ecology of Arum maculatum and A. italicum in England. Watsonia 2002;24:171-181.
- 33. Boyce PA. New Classification of Arum with Keys to the Infrageneric Taxa. Kew Bull 1989;44(3):383-395.
GC/MS Analysis of Essential oil distilled from Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola (Araceae)
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 97 - 102, 30.01.2024
Hatice Demiray
,
Betül Demirci
,
Hasan Yıldırım
Öz
Aim: Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola with a vernacular name of Dağ Sorsalı, are used etnobotanically for hemorroid, eczema, rheumatism, and cancer. Essential oil combination of A. rupicola var. rupicola, under the lower risk (lc) threatened category because of the excess gathering was investigated.
Methods: The above ground samples of Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola was collected from Palamut province of Antalya (Kaş) and essential oil was taken by hydrodistillation method with Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil composition was analysed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) systems simultaneously.
Results: As a result of, (E)-geranyl acetone (15%) was the main compound while hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.2%), nonanal (6.8%), heptacosan (6.5%), farnesyl acetone (5.0%), tricosan (4.9%), ve 2-dodecanone (3.8%) followed.
Conclusion: Farnesyl acetone (5%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.2%) sesquiterpenes were new records for A. rupicola var. rupicola volatile oil content. The only species is Arum creticum consisting α-farnesene (95%) as its taxonomical feature. A. rupicola var. rupicola has farnesyl acetone and hexahydrofarnesyl aceton being known a flagy and odourless species.
Kaynakça
- 1. Boissier PE. Flora Orientalis. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1853; 13:5-10.
- 2. Engler A. Arum. Monog. Phanerog. 1879; 2: 580-597.
- 3. Engler A. Arum. Das Pflanzenr. 1920;73 (IV. 23F):67-99.
- 4. Boyce, PC. The genus Arum (Araceae) in Greece and Cyprus. Ann. Mus. Goulandris 1994;9:27–38.
- 5. Mayo SJ, Bogner J, Boyce PC. The Genera of Araceae. Kew Gardens. 1997;370.
- 6. Linz J, Stökl J, Urru I, Krügel T, Stensmayr MC, Hansson BS. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Arum (Araceae) inferred from multi-locus sequence data and AFLPs. Taxon 2010;59(2):405-415.
- 7. Grayum MH. Evolution and phylogenie of the Araceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 2003;77:628–697.
- 8. Mill RR. Arum L. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1984; 8: 41-62. Edinburgh University. Edinburgh.
- 9. Boyce PC. Arum-A decade of change. Aroideana 2006;29:132–137.
- 10. Lobin W, Neumann M, Bogner J, Boyce PC. A new Arum species (Areae, Araceae) from NE Turkey and Georgia. Willdenowia 2007;37:445-449.
- 11. Alpınar K. Arum L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. ve Babaç, M.T. (eds). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayını, İstanbul, 2012;86–88.
- 12. Yıldırım H, Altıoğlu Y. Türkiye için yeni bir takson kaydı: Arum sintenisii (Engl.) PC Boyce (Araceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 2016;3(1):47-54.
- 13. Yıldırım H. Arum L., In: Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I. ve Çimen, A.Ö. (eds.). Resimli Türkiye Florası 2018; 2: 545-574. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
14. Yıldırım H, Özdöl T, Çelik M. Arum meryemianum: Güneydoğu Anadolu’dan Yeni Bir Arum/Yılanyastığı (Aracaeae) Türü. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 2023;10(1):32-40. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.1270178
- 15. Kite GC. The floral odour of Arum maculatum. Bioch. Syst. & Ecol 1995;23(4):343–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
- 16. Kite GC, Hetterscheid WLA, Lewis MJ, Boyce PC, Ollerton J, Cocklin E, Diaz A, Simmonds MSJ. Inflorescence odours and pollinators of Arum and Amorphophallus (Araceae). In: S.J. Owens and P:J: Rudall (Editors). Reprod. Biol. 1998; 295-315. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- 17. Bozyel ME, et al. Ethnomedicinal Uses of Araceae Taxa in Turkish Traditional Medicine. IJAAR 2020;4(5):78-87.
- 18. Kıvanç MR, Türkoglu V. Investigation of the effects of natural compounds isolated from Arum rupicola var. rupicola on glutathione reductase enzyme purified from bovine liver. Biomed. Chromatogr 2019;33.
- 19. Kıvanç MR. Investigation of Biological and Chemical Effects of Extracts from Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola. BEU J Sci & Technol. 2022;11(2):574-585.
- 20. Kunter I, et al. Anti-carcinogenic Activities of Different Extracts of Arum rupicola Boiss. var. rupicola from Turkey. Proceedings 2019;40:31.
- 21. H. Demiray, et al. Chemical Constituents from Rheum ribes Shoots and its Insecticidal Activity Against Aedes aegypti. Rev. Brasil. Farmacog. 2022;32(1):81-85.
- 22. Kianinia S, Farjam MH. Chemical and Biological Evolution of Essential Oil of Arum maculatum. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 2018;42:395–399.
- 23. Haghighi H. Essential Oil of the Leaves of Arum conophalloides (Araceae). Iran. J. Pharm. Sci 2016;12(3):11-16.
- 24. Yabalak E. Radical Scavenging Activity and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extract from Arum dioscoridis SM. var. dioscoridis and Determination of Its Mineral and Trace Elements. JOTCSA 2018;5(1):205-218.
25. Abdelshafeek K, Abdelkareem M, Saad FA. GC/MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents from Arum cyreniacum Flowers. Eurasian J. Anal. Chem. 2018;13(4):em37.
- 26. Alves V, et al. Beer volatile fingerprinting at different brewing steps. Food Chem 2020;326:126856.
- 27. Urru I, et al. Pollination strategies in Cretan Arum lilies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc 2010;101:991-1001.
- 28. Peakall R. Responses of male Zaspilothynnus trilobatus turner wasps to females and the sexually deceptive orchid it pollinates. Funct. Ecol 1990;4:159.
- 29. Schiestl FP, et al. Orchid pollination by sexual swindle. Nature 1999;399:421.
- 30. Schiestl FP, et al. The chemistry of sexual deception in an orchid-was pollination system. Science 2003;302:437.
- 30. Anderson C, Janssen T. Monocots. In: Hedges SB, Kumar S, eds. The timetree of life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. pp.203-212.
- 31. Moodie GEE. Heat production and pollination in Araceae. Canad. J. Bot. 2011;54:545–546.
- 32. Diaz A, Kite GC. A comparison f the pollination ecology of Arum maculatum and A. italicum in England. Watsonia 2002;24:171-181.
- 33. Boyce PA. New Classification of Arum with Keys to the Infrageneric Taxa. Kew Bull 1989;44(3):383-395.