EKOGİRİŞİMCİLİK OLGUSU ÜZERİNE TİPOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 2035 - 2053, 30.12.2022

Sedef Gülsüm Aksu , Nurcan Hakan Çıraklar

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1115595

Öz

Küresel ısınma ve biyolojik çeşitliliğin azalması, hava kirliliği ve doğal kaynakların tükenmesi gibi çevre sorunlarına dair artan endişeler sonucunda 1980’li yılların sonlarında sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya yönelik artan farkındalık, girişimcilerin faaliyetlerinde çevreyi gözetme baskısını güçlendirmiştir. Girişimcilik ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma arasındaki bağlantıyı vurgulayan ekogirişimciliğin, ekonomik ve çevreye yönelik hedefleri birlikte en büyüklemeyi amaçlayan bir olgu olarak 1990’ların başında ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir. 1990’lardan günümüze kadar ekogirişimcilik bir bilgi alanı olarak kabul edilmiş olmasına karşın, ekogirişimciliğin ne anlam içerdiği ve ekogirişimciliği motive eden faktörlerin neler olduğu konusunda literatürde bir fikir birliğine varılamamıştır. Bu duruma bağlı olarak da, literatürde çeşitli kriterleri dikkate alan çok sayıda ekogirişimcilik tipolojisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın sorunsalını literatürde çok sayıda geliştirilen ekogirişimcilik tipolojileri oluştururken, araştırmanın soru ise ilgili tipolojilerin birbirinden farklı yönlerinin neler olabileceğine odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, ekogirişimcilik tanımlarındaki çeşitliliğe dayalı olarak, ekogirişimcilik tipolojilerinin hangi ana ölçütlere göre (benzer özelliklere göre) oluşturulduğunu ortaya koymayı ve tipolojiler arasındaki farklılıkları göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatür incelemesi sonucunda, ekogirişimcilik tipolojilerinin örgüt içi ve örgüt dışı boyutları dikkate aldıkları, içsel boyutlu tipolojilerin aynı zamanda ekogirişimciliği büyük ölçüde bireysel düzeyde, dışsal boyutlu tipolojilerin ise örgüt düzeyinde ele aldıkları tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekogirişimcilik, Ekolojik girişimcilik, Çevresel girişimcilik, Ekogirişimcilik tipolojisi, ecopreneurship, Typology of Ecopreneurship

TYPOLOGICAL APPROACHES ON ECOPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW

Öz

Increasing concerns about environmental problems such as global warming, reduction of biodiversity, air pollution and depletion of natural resources have increased the pressure on entrepreneurs to take care of the environment in their activities. It can be said that ecopreneurship, which emphasizes the connection between entrepreneurship and sustainable development, emerged in the early 1990s as a phenomenon that aims to maximize economic and environmental goals simultaneously. Although ecopreneurship has been accepted as a field of knowledge since the 1990s, there has been no consensus in the literature on meaning and motivator factos of ecopreneurship. Depending on this situation, many eco-entrepreneurship typologies have emerged in the literature that take into account various criteria. While the problem of the research is the ecopreneurship typologies developed in the literature, the question of the research focuses on the different aspects of the related typologies. In this context, the study aims to reveal the main criteria (according to similar characteristics) ecopreneurship typologies based on the diversity in ecopreneurship definitions and to show the differences between the typologies. As a result of the literature review, it has been determined that ecopreneurship typologies take into account the internal and external dimensions of the organization, while the internal-dimensional typologies also deal with ecopreneurship at the individual level to a large extent.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ecopreneurship, enviromental entrepreneurship, green entrepreneurship, Typology of Ecopreneurship

Kaynakça

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