Evaluation of Time Perception in Individuals with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 61 - 67, 29.06.2024

Serkan Aksu , Harun Bal , Hüseyin Tarhan , Hasan Deliktaş , Hayrettin Şahin

https://doi.org/10.33719/nju1413874

Öz

Objective: Premature Ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual disorder that considerably affects sexual satisfaction, subjective well-being, and quality of life. A clear picture of the pathophysiology of PE has still not been determined. Current research has revealed the involvement of the central nervous system. Alterations in frontal cerebral structures and a discrepancy between the reported and objectively measured intravaginal ejaculatory latency times both point to a possible alteration of time perception. The present study aimed to assess the time perception between individuals with lifelong PE and healthy individuals.
Material and Methods: 24 individuals with lifelong PE and 24 healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants were administered both clinical measures and a time perception test battery including time interval estimation tests and time interval production tests for 4,7,32 and 58-second time intervals.
Results: Lower predictions for 4-second time intervals were found in individuals with lifelong PE than in healthy controls. No differences were found for 7,32 and 58-second time intervals. The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores correlated negatively with the 4-second and 32-second time interval predictions.
Conclusion: The present results indicate a time perception deficit for short intervals in individuals with lifelong PE for the first time. This might be due to a working memory/executive function deficit or disruption of frontal functions on account of impulsivity. A specific deficit in time perception deficit might also occur. Further studies assessing other frontal functions concomitantly are required to draw firm conclusions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cognitive functions, premature ejaculation, sexual disorders, time perception

Etik Beyan

Muğla Sitki Koçman University / Faculty of Medicine (25.12.2022 Decision No: 91).

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Kaynakça

• Ciocanel O, Power K, Eriksen A. Interventions to Treat Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Sex Med. 2019 Sep 1;7(3):251-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESXM.2019.06.001
• Serefoglu EC, Yaman O, Cayan S, Asci R, Orhan I, Usta MF, et al. Prevalence of the Complaint of Ejaculating Prematurely and the Four Premature Ejaculation Syndromes: Results from the Turkish Society of Andrology Sexual Health Survey. J Sex Med. 2011 Feb 1;8(2):540-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1743-6109.2010.02095.X
• Waldinger MD. History of premature ejaculation. Premature Ejaculation: From Etiology to Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l.; 2013. 5-24 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2646-9_2
• McMahon CG, Jannini EA, Serefoglu EC, Hellstrom WJG. The pathophysiology of acquired premature ejaculation. Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Aug 1;5(4):434-49. https://doi.org/10.21037/TAU.2016.07.06
• El-Hamd MA, Saleh R, Majzoub A. Premature ejaculation: an update on definition and pathophysiology. Asian J Androl. 2019 Sep 1;21(5):425. https://doi.org/10.4103/AJA.AJA_122_18
• Pereira-Lourenço M, Brito DV e, Pereira BJ. Premature Ejaculation: From Physiology to Treatment. J Family Reprod Health. 2019 Dec 25;13(3):120. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v13i3.2125
• Soni KK, Jeong HS, Jang S. Neurons for Ejaculation and Factors Affecting Ejaculation. Biology (Basel). 2022 May 1;11(5):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOLOGY11050686
• Holstege G, Georgiadis JR, Paans AMJ, Meiners LC, Van der Graaf FHCE, Reinders AATS. Brain Activation during Human Male Ejaculation. J Neurosci. 2003 Oct 10;23(27):9185-9193. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09185.2003
• Georgiadis JR, Kringelbach ML. The human sexual response cycle: brain imaging evidence linking sex to other pleasures. Prog Neurobiol. 2012 Jul;98(1):49-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PNEUROBIO.2012.05.004
• Chen J, Huang X, Lu C, Liu T, Dai Y, Yao Z, et al. Graph analysis of DTI-based connectome: decreased local efficiency of subcortical regions in PE patients with high sympathetic activity. Andrology. 2020 Mar 1;8(2):400-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12701
• Gao M, Yang X, Liu L, Fei N, Xi Y, Guo F, et al. Abnormal White Matter Microstructure in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Patients Identified by Tract-Based Spatial Statistical Analysis. J Sex Med. 2018 Sep 1;15(9):1272-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSXM.2018.07.012
• Lu J, Yuan L, Jin J, Yang S, Zhang W, Li M, et al. Brain Cortical Complexity and Subcortical Morphometrics in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jul 22;14:543711. https://doi.org/10.3389/FNHUM.2020.00283
• Block RA, Grondin S. Timing and time perception: A selective review and commentary on recent reviews. Front Psychol. 2014 Jul 29;5:99030. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2014.00648
• Hinault T, D’Argembeau A, Bowler DM, La Corte V, Desaunay P, Provasi J, et al. Time processing in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Nov 1;154:105430. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2023.105430
• Lee WK, Cho ST, Lee YS, Lee YG, Oh CY, Yoo C, et al. Can estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time be used interchangeably with stopwatch-measured intravaginal ejaculatory latency time for the diagnosis of lifelong premature ejaculation? Urology. 2015 Feb 1;85(2):375-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UROLOGY.2014.09.036
• Albakr A, Arafa M, Elbardisi H, ElSaid S, Majzoub A. Premature ejaculation: An investigative study into assumptions, facts and perceptions of patients from the Middle East (PEAP STUDY). Arab J Urol. 2021;19(3):303-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1948159
• Waldinger MD, McIntosh J, Schweitzer DH. A five-nation survey to assess the distribution of the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time among the general male population. J Sex Med. 2009;6(10):2888-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01392.X
• Rosen RC, McMahon CG, Niederberger C, Broderick GA, Jamieson C, Gagnon DD. Correlates to the clinical diagnosis of premature ejaculation: results from a large observational study of men and their partners. J Urol. 2007 Mar;177(3):1059-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JURO.2006.10.044
• Nani A, Manuello J, Liloia D, Duca S, Costa T, Cauda F. The Neural Correlates of Time: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. J Cogn Neurosci. 2019 Dec 1;31(12):1796-826. https://doi.org/10.1162/JOCN_A_01459
• Kocalevent RD, Hinz A, Brähler E. Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;35(5):551-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENHOSPPSYCH.2013.04.006
• Serefoglu EC, Cimen HI, Ozdemir AT, Symonds T, Berktas M, Balbay MD. Turkish validation of the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool and its association with intravaginal ejaculatory latency time. Int J Impot Res. 2009 Mar 9;21(2):139-44. https://doi.org/10.1038/IJIR.2008.58
• Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997 Jun;49(6):822-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00238-0
• Althof SE, Mcmahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, et al. An Update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine’s Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation (PE). Sex Med. 2014 Jun 1;2(2):60-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/SM2.28
• Zohdy W. Clinical parameters that predict successful outcome in men with premature ejaculation and inflammatory prostatitis. J Sex Med. 2009;6(11):3139-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01487.X
• Daker-White G. Reliable and valid self-report outcome measures in sexual (dys)function: a systematic review. Arch Sex Behav. 2002 Apr;31(2):197-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014743304566
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1525-1497.2001.016009606.X
• Coelho M, Ferreira JJ, Dias B, Sampaio C, Pavão Martins I, Castro-Caldas A. Assessment of time perception: the effect of aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004;10(3):332-41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704103019
• Mioni G, Stablum F, McClintock SM, Grondin S. Different methods for reproducing time, different results. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2014;76(3):675-81. https://doi.org/10.3758/S13414-014-0625-3
• Block RA, Gruber RP. Time perception, attention, and memory: a selective review. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014;149:129-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTPSY.2013.11.003
• Wittmann M, Paulus MP. Decision making, impulsivity and time perception. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Jan;12(1):7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICS.2007.10.004