Determination of phthalate ester levels in teas and herbal teas available in Türkiye

Yıl 2023, , 1588 - 1592, 15.10.2023

İsra Toptancı

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1342380

Öz

Phthalates are used as plasticizers and additives in food products and personal care items. The conducted studies have demonstrated the negative effects of phthalates on human health. Five phthalates esters (dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butylphthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP)) were investigated in 30 different types of tea and herbal infusions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This study demonstrated the presence of phthalates in black tea, green tea, and herbal infusions consumed in Turkey. Among the analyzed tea samples, DBP was the most common, detected in 19 out of 30 samples (ranging from 5.78 to 44.99 µg/kg). DEHP was the second most frequently detected phthalate, found in 14 out of 30 samples (ranging from 5.65 to 60.83 µg/kg). The other detected phthalate was BBP, which was found in 5 out of 30 samples (ranging from 9.35 to 44.95 µg/kg).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phthalate, LC/MS/MS, Tea

Türkiye’de satışa sunulan çaylarda ve bitki çaylarında fitalat ester düzeylerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Fitalatlar, gıda ürünlerinde ve kişisel bakım ürünlerinde plastikleştiriciler ve katkı maddeleri olarak kullanılır. Yapılan araştırmalar, fitalatların insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Beş fitalat esteri (dibütil fitalat (DBP), benzil bütil fitalat (BBP), di(2-etilheksil) fitalat (DEHP), diisononil fitalat (DINP) ve diizodesil fitalat (DIDP)) 30 farklı çay ve bitkisel çaylarda likit kromatografi kütle spektrofotometresi (LC/MS/MS) ile incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de tüketilen siyah çay, yeşil çay ve bitkisel çaylarda fitalatların varlığını göstermiştir. Analiz edilen çay örneklerinde en yaygın DBP, 30 örneğin 19’unda (5.78-44.99 µg/kg) tespit edilmiştir. DEHP ikinci en yaygın belirlenen fitalat olup 30 örneğin 14’ünde (5.65-60.83 µg/kg) tespit edilmiştir. Diğer belirlenen fitalat BBP olup, 30 örnekten 5’inde 9.35-44.95 µg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fitalat, LC/MS/MS, Çay

Kaynakça

• E. Tsochatzis, O. Begou, S. Kalogiannis, H. Gika, E. Oz, F. Oz and G. Theodoridis, Development, Validation and Application of an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) Method after QuEChERS Cleanup for Selected Dichloroanilines and Phthalates in Rice Samples. Foods, 11(10), 1482, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11101482.
• M. Kiralan, İ. Toptanci, M. Yavuz and M. F. Ramadan, Phthalates levels in cold-pressed oils marketed in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 5630-5635, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07162-y.
• M. M. Amin, F. Rastegari, P. Poursafa, and K. Ebrahim. Estimating the risk of phthalates exposure via tea consumption in general population. International Journal of Food Studies, 7(1), 69-78, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7455/ijfs/7.1.2018.a6.
• S.S. Kıralan, İ. Toptancı, T. Öncül Abacıgil and M. F. Ramadan, Phthalates levels in olive oils and olive pomace oils marketed in Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 37(8), 1332-1338, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1766120
• Y. Peng, X. Liu and C. Hongping, Determination of 16 phthalate esters in tea samples using a modified QuEChERS sample preparation method combined with GC-MS/MS. Food Additives & Contaminants: PartA, 31(8), 1406-1413, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.933490.
• X. L. Cao, W. Zhao and R. Dabeka, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and 20 phthalates in composite food samples from the 2013 Canadian Total Diet Study. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 32(11), 1893-1901, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1079742
• L. Du, L. Ma, Y. Qiao, Y. Lu and D. Xiao, Determination of phthalate esters in teas and tea infusions by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food chemistry, 197, 1200-1206, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.082.
• European Commission, Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Off J Eur Union. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/10/oj, Accessed 01 August 2023.
• A. S. Alnaimat, M. C. Barciela-Alonso and P. Bermejo-Barrera, Development of a sensitive method for the analysis of four phthalates in tea samples: Tea bag contribution to the total amount in tea infusion. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 37(10), 1719-1729, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1786170
• C. Ravikumar, Review on herbal teas. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(5), 236-238, 2014.https://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol6issue05/jpsr06051404.pdf, Accessed 21 July 2023.
• Y. Tang, M. Wang, C. Pan, S. Mi, and B. Han, Determination of five phthalate esters in tea and their dynamic characteristics during black tea processing. Foods, 11(9), 1266, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091266
• P. Liu, H. Chen, G. Gao, Z. Hao, C. Wang, G. Ma and X. Liu, Occurrence and residue pattern of phthalate esters in fresh tea leaves and during tea manufacturing and brewing. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 64(46), 8909-8917, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03864
• L. Du, L. Ma,Y. Qiao, Y. Lu, and D. Xiao, Determination of phthalate esters in teas and tea infusions by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food chemistry, 197, 1200-1206, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.082