Öz
Bu çalışma, Jane
Eyre’deki ‘öteki’ olan Bertha Antoinette Mason’a Jean Rhys’ın yarattığı
geçmişte, onun evlenmeden önce yaşadığı sömürge adasında yaşayan ‘öteki
Ötekilerden’ biri olan Amélie hakkındadır. Charlotte Brontë’nin Jane Eyre
(1847) romanındaki olayların öncesine ışık tutan (prequel) Wide Sargasso Sea
(1966), edebiyat tarihindeki en ünlü yeniden yazımlardan biridir. Victoria
dönemi ahlakı ve toplum düzenine göre ‘tavan arasındaki deli kadın’ olarak
lanse edilerek ötekileştirilen Antoinette/Bertha’nın hikâyesine odaklana bu
roman, ataerkil düzenin ve onun temsilcisi olan bir kocanın kurbanlaştırdığı
bir kadının ruhsal ve bedensel çöküşünü çok yönlü olarak yansıtmaktadır. Rhys,
parası için kendisi ile evlenen kocası tarafından tavan arasına hapsedilen
Bertha Mason’ın hikâyesinin İngiliz olmayan tarafını yani Antoinette Cosway’in
yaşamını ele almıştır. Burada soruna neden olan temel unsur Antoinette’in etnik
kökenidir. Sömürge adalarında yaşayan Batılı beyaz yerleşimcilerin soyundan
gelen insanlara kreole denilmekte ve yine Batılılar tarafından öteki olarak
görülmektedirler. Öte yandan romanda kreole olmayan, yani siyahi yerli halktan
olan kadınlar da vardır. Kölelik resmi olarak kaldırılmış olsa da derilerinin
renginden dolayı hiyerarşik olarak daha aşağı seviyede görülen ve ezilen yerli
kadınların maruz kaldıkları ırkçı-cinsiyetçi davranışlar bu makalenin yazarları
tarafından incelenmeye değer bulunmuştur. Bu incelemede feminist söylemin uzun
süre göz ardı ettiği Batı-dışı etnik kökene sahip kadınların hikâyelerine ve
sorunlarına eğilen Afrikalı-Amerikalı feminist yazar bell hooks’un Ain't I a
Woman Black Women and Feminism (1981) kitabında yer verdiği köleci Amerikan
toplumundaki hiyerarşik yapıya ilişki değerlendirmeleri temel alınacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Feminizm Wide Sargasso Sea bell hooks siyahi kadınlar cinsiyet ayrımcılığı
Kaynakça
- Baldellou, M.M. (2008) “Words of Madness / Female Worlds: Hysteria as Intertextual Discourse of Women’s Deviance in Jane Eyre”. Cycnos, Volume 25 Spécial - Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre. http://revel.unice.fr/cycnos/index.html?id=6168, 18 Feb. 2019Bronte, C. (1960). Jean Eyre. New York: Penguin Classics Brunner, C. H. (1984). “A Caribbean Madness: Half Slave and Half Free”. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature. 11. pp. 236-248.Capello, S. (2009). "Postcolonial discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea: Creole discourse vs. European discourse, periphery vs. center, and marginalized people vs. White Supremacy". The Free Library. Journal of Caribbean Literatures. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Postcolonial+discourse+in+Wide+Sargasso+Sea+%3a+Creole+discourse+vs....-a0219075718 18 Feb. 2019Carr, H. (2007). “A History of Women’s Writing”. A History of Feminist Literary Criticism. ed. Plain, G and Sellers, S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.120–137Couti, J. (2012) “Sexual Edge in the Tropics: Colonization, Recolonization, and Rewriting the Black Female Body” Placing the Archipelago: Interconnections & Extensions Sargasso 2010-2011Derrida, J. (1995). Archive Fever – A Freudian Impression. Tran. Eric Prenowitz. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Diacritics, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Summer, 1995). pp. 9-63.Emery, M. L. (1968). Jean Rhys at ''World's End'': Novels of Colonial and Sexual Exile. Austin: University of Texas Press.Gilbert, S. M. and Gubar, S. (1984). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.hooks, b. (1982). Ain’t I a Women Black Women Feminism. London: Pluto Press.Keizer, A. R. (2007). “Black Feminist Criticism” A History of Feminist Literary Criticism. ed. Plain, G. and Sellers, S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.154–168.Rhys, J. (2000). Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Books.Smith, A. (1997). Introduction and general notes to Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Classics.Spivak, G. C. (1997). “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism”. Feminisms an Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism.ed. Robyn R. W and Herndl D. P. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. pp.798–813. Spivak, G. C. (1988). “Can the Subaltern Speak?”. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. ed. Nelson C. and Grossberg L. London: Macmillan. pp.271–313. Thomas, S. (1995). “The Labyrinths of “a Savage Person – a Real Carib”. The Worlding of Jean Rhys. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. pp.143–154.Thomas, S. (1995). “An Antillean Voice”. The Worlding of Jean Rhys. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. pp.49–66
Öz
This paper is about
Amélie, one of “the other others" who lived on the colonial island where
Bertha Antoinette Mason, “the other" in Jane Eyre, had lived before her
marriage in the past times created for her by Jean Rhys. Wide Sargasso Sea
(1966), the prequel of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847), is one of the most
famous rewritings in the history of literature. Wide Sargasso Sea covers the
life of Antoinette Cosway that is the non-English side the story of Bertha
Mason, who was imprisoned in the attic by her husband who married her for
money. The main element that causes the problem here is the ethnic origin of
Antoinette. People from the descendants of white European settlers who live in
colonial islands are called Creoles and they are seen as “the other”. However,
there are non-Creole women in the novel as well, i.e. the black indigenous
ones. Although slavery has been officially abolished, the racist-sexist
behaviours that have been exposed to hierarchical subordinate and oppressed
local women due to their skin colour have been found worthy of examination by
the authors of this article. This analysis will be based on the evaluations of
the hierarchical structure of the slavery period American society in Ain't I a
Woman Black Women and Feminism (1981) written by African-American feminist
writer bell hooks who addresses the stories and problems of ethnically
non-Western women who have long been ignored by the feminist discourse.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Feminism Wide Sargasso Sea bell hooks black women gender discrimination
Kaynakça
- Baldellou, M.M. (2008) “Words of Madness / Female Worlds: Hysteria as Intertextual Discourse of Women’s Deviance in Jane Eyre”. Cycnos, Volume 25 Spécial - Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre. http://revel.unice.fr/cycnos/index.html?id=6168, 18 Feb. 2019Bronte, C. (1960). Jean Eyre. New York: Penguin Classics Brunner, C. H. (1984). “A Caribbean Madness: Half Slave and Half Free”. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature. 11. pp. 236-248.Capello, S. (2009). "Postcolonial discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea: Creole discourse vs. European discourse, periphery vs. center, and marginalized people vs. White Supremacy". The Free Library. Journal of Caribbean Literatures. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Postcolonial+discourse+in+Wide+Sargasso+Sea+%3a+Creole+discourse+vs....-a0219075718 18 Feb. 2019Carr, H. (2007). “A History of Women’s Writing”. A History of Feminist Literary Criticism. ed. Plain, G and Sellers, S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.120–137Couti, J. (2012) “Sexual Edge in the Tropics: Colonization, Recolonization, and Rewriting the Black Female Body” Placing the Archipelago: Interconnections & Extensions Sargasso 2010-2011Derrida, J. (1995). Archive Fever – A Freudian Impression. Tran. Eric Prenowitz. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Diacritics, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Summer, 1995). pp. 9-63.Emery, M. L. (1968). Jean Rhys at ''World's End'': Novels of Colonial and Sexual Exile. Austin: University of Texas Press.Gilbert, S. M. and Gubar, S. (1984). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.hooks, b. (1982). Ain’t I a Women Black Women Feminism. London: Pluto Press.Keizer, A. R. (2007). “Black Feminist Criticism” A History of Feminist Literary Criticism. ed. Plain, G. and Sellers, S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.154–168.Rhys, J. (2000). Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Books.Smith, A. (1997). Introduction and general notes to Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Classics.Spivak, G. C. (1997). “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism”. Feminisms an Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism.ed. Robyn R. W and Herndl D. P. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. pp.798–813. Spivak, G. C. (1988). “Can the Subaltern Speak?”. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. ed. Nelson C. and Grossberg L. London: Macmillan. pp.271–313. Thomas, S. (1995). “The Labyrinths of “a Savage Person – a Real Carib”. The Worlding of Jean Rhys. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. pp.143–154.Thomas, S. (1995). “An Antillean Voice”. The Worlding of Jean Rhys. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. pp.49–66
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sanat ve Edebiyat |
| Bölüm | Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 |
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