Kabuk ve ambrosya böceklerine karşı alternatif mücadele olarak entomopatojen fungusların kullanımı

Yıl 2018, , 176 - 184, 01.12.2018

Rahman Kushiyev , Celal Tuncer , İsmail Erper

https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.418537

Öz

Kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:
Scolytinae ve Platypodinae) dünyanın birçok ülkesinde orman ve meyve ağaçlarını
ciddi şekilde tehdit eden önemli zararlılardır. Bu böceklerin hayatlarının uzun
bir dönemini ağaçların içerisinde geçirmeleri, sadece ergin dönemde ağaçları
terk etmeleri, birden fazla türün aynı bitki türü üzerinde zararlı olabilmesi
ve bu türlerin ergin çıkış dönemlerinin uzun bir zaman dilimine yayılıyor
olması gibi nedenlerle kimyasal mücadeleleri oldukça zor olmaktadır. Bu
nedenle, söz konusu mücadele birden fazla kimyasal uygulama yapılmasını
gerektirmektedir. Diğer yandan kimyasal mücadelenin bilinen olumsuzlukları
nedeniyle bu zararlılarla mücadelede alternatif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu açıdan entomopatojen funguslar kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri
gibi ağaç dokuları içinde yaşayan zararlıların mücadelesinde oldukça uygun
biyolojik mücadele etmenleridir. Entomopatojen funguslar sadece ergin
ölümlerine neden olmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda bu böceklerin galerileri
içerisinde horizontal ve vertikal yolla taşınarak böcek popülasyonunu önemli
derecede düşürmektedir. Ayrıca, entomopatojen funguslar kabuk ve ambrosya
böcekleri üzerinde repellent (kaçırıcı) etkilere de sahiptir.  Diğer yandan bu fungusların kitle üretimleri
ve preparat haline getirilmeleri diğer birçok biyolojik etmene göre daha
kolaydır. Halen bazı zararlı böceklerin biyolojik mücadelesi için ruhsat almış
entomopatojen fungus preparatları piyasada mevcuttur. Ayrıca doğal koşullar
altında yapılan çalışmalarda kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri üzerinde etkili olan
entomopatojen funguslara sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada entomopatojen fungusların kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleriyle biyolojik mücadelede
alternatif olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik mücadele, entomopatojen funguslar, Scolytinae

The use of entomopathogenic fungi as alternative control against bark and ambrosia beetles

Öz

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are
serious pest group to forest and fruit trees in many countries across the
world. Because they spend the most of their life inside the trees and only
adults leave the trees for certain time of periods, the trees are infested by
more than one species very often and adult emergence prevails a long time,
chemical control of the beetles is very difficult and more than one application
is needed. On the other hand, because of well-known negatives in chemical
control, alternative pest control approaches are needed. From this perspective,
entomopathogenic fungi may be highly suitable biological control agents for
pests living inside of trees, such as bark and ambrosia beetles. The
entomopathogenic fungi not only cause mortality of the beetles but also they
may decrease the beetle population significantly through horizontal and
vertical transportation in the galleries. Besides entomopathogenic fungi have
repellent effects on bark and ambrosia beetles. On the other hand, mass
production and preparation of entomopathogenic fungi is easier than some other
biological agents. Currently, there are many commercial preparations registered
for many insect pests in the market. Furthermore, entomopathogen fungi on bark
and ambrosia beetles are observed very often in natural field conditions. In
this review, the potential value of entomopathogenic fungi in the biological
control of bark and ambrosia beetles has been discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Scolytinae

Kaynakça

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