BİNEK ARAÇLARIN DEVRİLME SÜRECİNDEKİ DİNAMİK DAVRANIŞLARININ ANALİZİ VE DEVRİLME ŞARTLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 1662 - 1678, 24.04.2025

Halit Karabulut , Emre Yıldırım , Mesut Düzgün , Kazım Melih Turgut

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1427532

Öz

Taşıtların tekerlek süspansiyon sistemlerinin tasarımında; konfor, yük taşıma kapasitesi ve kullanım kolaylığının yanı sıra virajlardaki sürüş güvenliğinin belirlenmesi de ana hedeflerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada dört tekerlekli binek taşıtları (C sınıfı otomobiller) üç kütleden oluşan bir dinamik sisteme benzetilmiş ve dinamik modeli kurularak virajdaki dinamik davranışları incelenmiştir. Kütlelerden birisi taşıtın gövdesi, diğerleri ise süspansiyon sistemi ile birlikte tekerleklerdir. Dinamik model bu üç kütlenin açısal momentum denklemlerinden oluşmaktadır. Gövdenin momentum denklemi; gövdeyi tekerlek süspansiyon sistemine bağlayan yayların ve damperlerin yarattığı kuvvetlerin momentlerini ve gövdeye etkiyen merkezkaç kuvvetin momentini içermektedir. Süspansiyon mekanizmalarının momentum denklemleri; gövde ile süspansiyon mekanizmaları arasında yer alan yayların ve damperlerin yarattığı kuvvetlerin momentlerini, tekerleğin elastik deformasyonu ve viskoelastik sönümleme özelliğinden doğan kuvvetlerin momentlerini ve süspansiyon mekanizmalarına etkiyen merkezkaç kuvvetlerin momentlerini içermektedir. Momentum denklemlerinin çözümünde Taylor serisine dayanan bir metot kullanılmış olup hassasiyeti üçüncü mertebeden Runga-Kutta metoduna denktir. Çözüm işlemi için bir simülasyon programı geliştirilmiştir. Taşıtın üzerinde hareket ettiği viraj, x=0 daki eğrilik yarıçapı 25 m olan bir parabolik eğri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Taşıtın x=0 da devrilmesine sebep olan hız kritik hız olup daha yüksek hızlarda devrilme bu noktadan önce olmak zorundadır. Simülasyon programını kullanarak taşıtın virajdaki dinamik davranışlarının yanı sıra kritik hızın; taşıt kütlesi, yay sabitleri, taşıtın gövdesinin kütle merkezinin yeri ve tekerlek özellikleri ile değişimi incelenmiştir. Tasarlanan taşıtın yukarıda ifade edilen parabolik eğri ile tanımlı yol üzerindeki yüksüz devrilme hızı 70 km/h civarında belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Taşıtların devrilmesi, Dinamik model, Devrilme simülasyonu, Kritik devrilme hızı, Devrilme şartları

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF PASSENGER CARS IN ROLLOVER PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF ROLLOVER CONDITIONS

Öz

One of the main objectives of the wheel suspension mechanism design is to characterize the driving safety of vehicles in bends, besides the comfortability, load carrying capability, and use easiness. In this study, a four-wheel vehicle (Like C class automobile) is likened to a dynamic system of three masses, and its behaviors in a bend are examined by establishing a dynamic model. One of the masses is the vehicle's body; the others are the two wheels with their suspension elements. The dynamic model consists of angular momentum equations of these three masses. The momentum equation of the body involves the moments of forces generated by springs and dampers connecting the body to the wheel suspension mechanisms and the moment of centrifugal force exerting on the body. The momentum equations of suspension mechanisms involve the moments of spring and damper forces taking part between body and suspension mechanisms, the moments of deflection and viscoelastic damping forces of tires and, the moment of centrifugal force exerted on suspension mechanisms. A Taylor series method, equivalent to the third-order Runge-Kutta method, is used to solve momentum equations and a simulation program is developed. The bend, on which the vehicle moves, is assumed to be a parabolic curve having 25 m curvature diameter at x=0. The speed of the vehicle causing rollover at x=0 is a critical speed above which the rollover is unavoidable before that point. By using the simulation program, the dynamic behaviors of the vehicle in bend were examined as well as examining the variation of critical speed with the mass of vehicle, the stiffness of springs, the location of mass center and tire properties. On the road defined by a parabolic curve, the unloaded rollover speed of the proposed vehicle is determined as about 70 km/h.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rollover, Dynamic model, Simulation of rollover, Critical rollover speed, Rollover conditions

Kaynakça

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