Çalışmada COVID-19 aşısı ile ilgili kamu spotlarının halkın üzerindeki etkisi ve halkın COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumunun incelenmesi amaçlandı. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Youtube kanalındaki 1 Eylül 2021 tarihine kadar yayınlanmış olan COVID-19 aşısı ile ilgili tüm kamu spotları araştırmacılar tarafından izlenerek müzik klibi, toplum içinden bireylerin mesajları, ünlü bilim insanlarının mesajları ve ünlü sanatçıların mesajları olarak gruplandırıldı. Çalışma grubunun yarısından fazlası COVID-19 aşısı ile ilgili kamu spotları hakkında olumlu düşünceye sahipti. Çalışma grubunda COVID-19 aşısı ile ilgili kamu spotları hakkındaki genel düşünceleri olumlu olanların COVID-19 aşısına yönelik olumlu tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. Toplum bağışıklığının sağlanabilmesi için aşı kabulünü arttırmaya yönelik daha çok duygulara hitap eden, toplumun her kesimini etkisi altına alabilecek kamu spotlarının hazırlanması ve etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi gereklidir.
Ajilore, K., Atakiti, I. ve Onyenankeya, K. (2017). College Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Adherence to Public Service Announcements on Ebola in Nigeria: Suggestions for Improving Future Ebola Prevention Education Programmes. Health Education Journal 76(6):648–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896917710969
Canbazoğlu, A.D. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı Vakasının Ortaya Çıktığı ve Yayılmaya Başladığı İlk Günlerde Yayınlanan Kamu Spotu ve Reklamların İzleyici Üzerindeki Etkisi. Electronic Turkish Studies 15(6). https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43904
Casais, B., Proença, J.F. (2012). Inhibitions and Implications Associated with Celebrity Participation in Health-Related Social Marketing: An Exploratory Research Focused on HIV Prevention in Portugal. Health Marketing Quarterly 29(3):206–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359683.2012.705642
Deng, T., Ekachai, D. ve Pokrywczynski, J. (2022). Global COVID-19 Advertisements: Use of Informational, Transformational and Narrative Advertising Strategies. Health Communication 37(5):628–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1859725
Dror, A.A., Eisenbach, N., Taiber, S., Morozov, N.G., Mizrachi, M., Zigron, A. … Sela, E. (2020). Vaccine Hesitancy: The next Challenge in the Fight against COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology 35(8):775–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
Dubé, E., Gagnon, D. ve MacDonald, N.E. (2015). Strategies Intended to Address Vaccine Hesitancy: Review of Published Reviews. Vaccine 33(34):4191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.041
Dubé, E., Laberge C., Guay M., Bramadat P., Roy R. ve Bettinger J.A. (2013). Vaccine Hesitancy: An Overview. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9(8):1763–73. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.24657
Durmaz, N., Suman, M., Ersoy M. ve Örün E. (2022). Parents’ Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines and COVID-19 Vaccines in a Turkish Pediatric Outpatient Population. Vaccines 10(11):1958. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111958
Erickson, J. ve Greiner J. (2019). Public Service Announcements to Promote Physical Activity. Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences 13(1):146-65. https://doi.org/10.5590/JSBHS.2019.13.1.09
Eskola, J., Duclos, P., Schuster M. ve MacDonald N.E. (2015). How to Deal with Vaccine Hesitancy? Vaccine 33(34):4215–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.043
Ftanou, M., Cox G., Nicholas, A., Spittal, M.J., Machlin, A., Robinson, J. ve Pirkis, J. (2017). Suicide Prevention Public Service Announcements (PSAs): Examples from around the World. Health Communication 32(4):493–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1140269
Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O.C. ve Coşar, B. (2020). Development of Perception and Attitude Scales Related with COVID-19 Pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences-Humanities 5(7):306–28. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.127
Habes, M., Alghizzawi, M., Ali, S., SalihAlnaser, A. ve Salloum, S.A. (2020). The Relation among Marketing Ads, via Digital Media and Mitigate (COVID-19) Pandemic in Jordan. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(7):12326–48.
İnci, B., Sancar, O. ve Bostancı S.H. (2017). Usage of Health-Themed Public Service Announcements as a Social Marketing Communication Tool: A Content Analysis Related to Public Service Announcements in the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health’s Web Site. Marketing and Branding Research 4:148–68.
Juhyun, J., Na B.J., Moo-Sik, L.E.E., Soonryu S.E.O., Changhyun, S., Kim, H.J. ve Lee J.Y. (2016). The Effect of Public Service Advertising on Cardiovascular Disease in Korea. Iranian Journal of Public Health 45(8):1029.
MacDonald, N.E. (2015). Vaccine Hesitancy: Definition, Scope and Determinants. Vaccine 33(34):4161–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
del Mar Garcia de los Salmones, M., Dominguez, R. ve Herrero A. (2013). Communication Using Celebrities in the Non-Profit Sector: Determinants of Its Effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising 32(1):101–19. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-1-101-119
Muz, F.N.Ö., Önsüz, M.F., Metintas, S., Arslantas, D., Ünsal, A., Oktar, D. … Tepetaş, M. (2022). Assesment of Physicians’ Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12(3):642–47. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1005495
Nabi, R.L. (2002). Discrete Emotions and Persuasion. The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice (s. 289-308) içinde. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Nandru, S., Kodali, P.B. ve Thankappan, K.R. (2022). Perceived Effectiveness of Anti-Tobacco Advertisements Used in Indian Cinema: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study from South-India. Journal of Substance Use 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2022.2043471
Our World in Data (2022). Share of People Who Completed the Initial COVID-19 Vaccination Protocol. https://bit.ly/3jKFBlu Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2022
Phua, J. ve Tinkham, S. (2016). Authenticity in Obesity Public Service Announcements: Influence of Spokesperson Type, Viewer Weight, and Source Credibility on Diet, Exercise, Information Seeking, and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intentions. Journal of Health Communication 21(3):337–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1080326
Rashid, H., Khandaker, G. ve Booy, R. (2012). Vaccination and Herd Immunity: What More Do We Know?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 25(3):243–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352f727
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu (2022). Günlük Aşı Verileri. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi:02.02.2022
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye İlaç Ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu (2021, 13 Ocak). Kamuoyunun Dikkatine. https://www.titck.gov.tr/haber/kamuoyunun-dikkatine-13012021185623 Erişim Tarihi:02.02.2022
Troiano, G. ve Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy in the Era of COVID-19. Public Health 194:245–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
Ünal, E., Gökler, M.E., Metintaş, S. ve Kalyoncu, C. (2016). Effect of Anti-Smoking Advertisements on Turkish Adolescents. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 22(9):654–61.
Yaman, F. ve Göçkan, İ. (2015). Kamu Spotu Reklamlarının Sigara Kullanıcıları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Afyonkarahisar İlinde Bir Uygulama. Kafkas University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal 6(11):53.
Yıldız, Z., Gencer, E. ve Gezegen, N.F. (2021). Covid 19 Pandemi Sürecinde Geliştirilen Aşılara Karşı Bireylerin Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 12(3):877–89.
Youtube. (2021). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZJnqMUewKd2OdHOJmOKGgQ Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2021
Zhao, R. (2021). A Social Semiotic Analysis of Covid-19 Public Service Advertisements in China. 2nd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange (ICLACE 2021) (s. 256–59) içinde. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210609.051
Ибраева, Г.Ж. ve Алим, Э. (2020). Comparative Content Analysis of Public Service Announcements in USA, Russia and Kazakhstan. Серия Журналистики 37(1):20–28.
Evaluation of the Impact of Public Ads on the COVID-19 Vaccine on the Public
The aim of the study was to examine the impact of public ads about the COVID-19 vaccine on the public and the public's attitude towards it. All public ads about the COVID-19 vaccine, which were published on the Youtube channel of the Ministry of Health until September 1, 2021, were watched by researchers and grouped as music clips, messages from individuals from the community, messages from famous scientists and messages from famous artists. More than half of the participants had a positive opinion about the public ads on the COVID-19 vaccine. It was found that participants who had positive opinions about the public ads about the COVID-19 vaccine had higher positive attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. In order to ensure herd immunity, it is important to prepare public ads that appeal to the emotions and affect all segments of the society to increase vaccine acceptance and it is also necessary to evaluate their effectiveness.
Ajilore, K., Atakiti, I. ve Onyenankeya, K. (2017). College Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Adherence to Public Service Announcements on Ebola in Nigeria: Suggestions for Improving Future Ebola Prevention Education Programmes. Health Education Journal 76(6):648–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896917710969
Canbazoğlu, A.D. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı Vakasının Ortaya Çıktığı ve Yayılmaya Başladığı İlk Günlerde Yayınlanan Kamu Spotu ve Reklamların İzleyici Üzerindeki Etkisi. Electronic Turkish Studies 15(6). https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43904
Casais, B., Proença, J.F. (2012). Inhibitions and Implications Associated with Celebrity Participation in Health-Related Social Marketing: An Exploratory Research Focused on HIV Prevention in Portugal. Health Marketing Quarterly 29(3):206–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359683.2012.705642
Deng, T., Ekachai, D. ve Pokrywczynski, J. (2022). Global COVID-19 Advertisements: Use of Informational, Transformational and Narrative Advertising Strategies. Health Communication 37(5):628–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1859725
Dror, A.A., Eisenbach, N., Taiber, S., Morozov, N.G., Mizrachi, M., Zigron, A. … Sela, E. (2020). Vaccine Hesitancy: The next Challenge in the Fight against COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology 35(8):775–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
Dubé, E., Gagnon, D. ve MacDonald, N.E. (2015). Strategies Intended to Address Vaccine Hesitancy: Review of Published Reviews. Vaccine 33(34):4191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.041
Dubé, E., Laberge C., Guay M., Bramadat P., Roy R. ve Bettinger J.A. (2013). Vaccine Hesitancy: An Overview. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 9(8):1763–73. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.24657
Durmaz, N., Suman, M., Ersoy M. ve Örün E. (2022). Parents’ Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines and COVID-19 Vaccines in a Turkish Pediatric Outpatient Population. Vaccines 10(11):1958. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111958
Erickson, J. ve Greiner J. (2019). Public Service Announcements to Promote Physical Activity. Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences 13(1):146-65. https://doi.org/10.5590/JSBHS.2019.13.1.09
Eskola, J., Duclos, P., Schuster M. ve MacDonald N.E. (2015). How to Deal with Vaccine Hesitancy? Vaccine 33(34):4215–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.043
Ftanou, M., Cox G., Nicholas, A., Spittal, M.J., Machlin, A., Robinson, J. ve Pirkis, J. (2017). Suicide Prevention Public Service Announcements (PSAs): Examples from around the World. Health Communication 32(4):493–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1140269
Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O.C. ve Coşar, B. (2020). Development of Perception and Attitude Scales Related with COVID-19 Pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences-Humanities 5(7):306–28. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.127
Habes, M., Alghizzawi, M., Ali, S., SalihAlnaser, A. ve Salloum, S.A. (2020). The Relation among Marketing Ads, via Digital Media and Mitigate (COVID-19) Pandemic in Jordan. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(7):12326–48.
İnci, B., Sancar, O. ve Bostancı S.H. (2017). Usage of Health-Themed Public Service Announcements as a Social Marketing Communication Tool: A Content Analysis Related to Public Service Announcements in the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health’s Web Site. Marketing and Branding Research 4:148–68.
Juhyun, J., Na B.J., Moo-Sik, L.E.E., Soonryu S.E.O., Changhyun, S., Kim, H.J. ve Lee J.Y. (2016). The Effect of Public Service Advertising on Cardiovascular Disease in Korea. Iranian Journal of Public Health 45(8):1029.
MacDonald, N.E. (2015). Vaccine Hesitancy: Definition, Scope and Determinants. Vaccine 33(34):4161–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
del Mar Garcia de los Salmones, M., Dominguez, R. ve Herrero A. (2013). Communication Using Celebrities in the Non-Profit Sector: Determinants of Its Effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising 32(1):101–19. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-1-101-119
Muz, F.N.Ö., Önsüz, M.F., Metintas, S., Arslantas, D., Ünsal, A., Oktar, D. … Tepetaş, M. (2022). Assesment of Physicians’ Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12(3):642–47. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1005495
Nabi, R.L. (2002). Discrete Emotions and Persuasion. The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice (s. 289-308) içinde. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Nandru, S., Kodali, P.B. ve Thankappan, K.R. (2022). Perceived Effectiveness of Anti-Tobacco Advertisements Used in Indian Cinema: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study from South-India. Journal of Substance Use 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2022.2043471
Our World in Data (2022). Share of People Who Completed the Initial COVID-19 Vaccination Protocol. https://bit.ly/3jKFBlu Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2022
Phua, J. ve Tinkham, S. (2016). Authenticity in Obesity Public Service Announcements: Influence of Spokesperson Type, Viewer Weight, and Source Credibility on Diet, Exercise, Information Seeking, and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intentions. Journal of Health Communication 21(3):337–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1080326
Rashid, H., Khandaker, G. ve Booy, R. (2012). Vaccination and Herd Immunity: What More Do We Know?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 25(3):243–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352f727
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu (2022). Günlük Aşı Verileri. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi:02.02.2022
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye İlaç Ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu (2021, 13 Ocak). Kamuoyunun Dikkatine. https://www.titck.gov.tr/haber/kamuoyunun-dikkatine-13012021185623 Erişim Tarihi:02.02.2022
Troiano, G. ve Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy in the Era of COVID-19. Public Health 194:245–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
Ünal, E., Gökler, M.E., Metintaş, S. ve Kalyoncu, C. (2016). Effect of Anti-Smoking Advertisements on Turkish Adolescents. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 22(9):654–61.
Yaman, F. ve Göçkan, İ. (2015). Kamu Spotu Reklamlarının Sigara Kullanıcıları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Afyonkarahisar İlinde Bir Uygulama. Kafkas University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal 6(11):53.
Yıldız, Z., Gencer, E. ve Gezegen, N.F. (2021). Covid 19 Pandemi Sürecinde Geliştirilen Aşılara Karşı Bireylerin Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 12(3):877–89.
Youtube. (2021). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZJnqMUewKd2OdHOJmOKGgQ Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2021
Zhao, R. (2021). A Social Semiotic Analysis of Covid-19 Public Service Advertisements in China. 2nd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange (ICLACE 2021) (s. 256–59) içinde. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210609.051
Ибраева, Г.Ж. ve Алим, Э. (2020). Comparative Content Analysis of Public Service Announcements in USA, Russia and Kazakhstan. Серия Журналистики 37(1):20–28.
Salış, E., Önsüz, M. F., & Metintaş, S. (2023). COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 610-621. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1257216
AMA
Salış E, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Aralık 2023;24(3):610-621. doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1257216
Chicago
Salış, Ezgi, Muhammed Fatih Önsüz, ve Selma Metintaş. “COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 610-21. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1257216.
EndNote
Salış E, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S (01 Aralık 2023) COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 3 610–621.
IEEE
E. Salış, M. F. Önsüz, ve S. Metintaş, “COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 3, ss. 610–621, 2023, doi: 10.17494/ogusbd.1257216.
ISNAD
Salış, Ezgi vd. “COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/3 (Aralık 2023), 610-621. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1257216.
JAMA
Salış E, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;24:610–621.
MLA
Salış, Ezgi vd. “COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 610-21, doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1257216.
Vancouver
Salış E, Önsüz MF, Metintaş S. COVID-19 Aşısı İle İlgili Kamu Spotlarının Halkın Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;24(3):610-21.