Atık Yakma Fırını Çalışanlarında Gözlemlenen Toksik Metallerin Biyoizlenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 65 - 78, 31.08.2021

Orkun Dalyan , Hatice Dalyan , Mehmet Pişkin

https://doi.org/10.38213/ohsacademy.977889

Öz

Atıkların bertarafı ve arıtılması sırasında açığa çıkan kimyasallara maruz kalma, giderek artan bir şekilde potansiyel iş sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Atık yakma fırını çeşitli toksik maddeleri yayması ve yakma fırını çalışanların bunlara maruz kalmaları nedeniyle çalışanların sağlığı için tehlike arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle maruziyet seviyeleri dikkatlice ölçülmelidir. Bu durumlarda biyolojik izleme, personellerin gerçek mesleki maruziyetinin tanımlanması ve ilgili sağlık etkilerinin önlenmesi için temel bir tamamlayıcı araç olabilir. Çalışanlarda, çok düşük maruziyet seviyelerinde, sağlık riski değerlendirmesi için hassas ve spesifik biyolojik belirteçlerin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması konusunda artan bir ilgi vardır. Metale maruz kalan personellerin biyo-izlenmesi üzerine literatürde çok sayıda makale bulunmasına rağmen, atık arıtma faaliyetlerinde kullanılan makalelerde sonuçlar bazen tutarsızdır. Sonuçlar, atık yakma tesislerinin personellerinde ölçülen metal seviyelerinin, Kadmiyum ve Kurşun için bazı önemli istisnalar dışında, genellikle düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar hem biyolojik hem de çevresel izlemeyi kullanan bir yaklaşıma odaklanması önem arz etmektedir. Metal içeren tozların farklı granülometrik fraksiyonlarının, yani solunabilir, torasik, solunabilir ve ultra ince fraksiyonların ölçümüne özel bir vurgu yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca, iş görevlerinin ve mesleki olmayan maruziyetin özellikleri ve seviyelerinin doğru bir açıklaması her zaman gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik izleme, fırın çalışanları, mesleki maruziyet, yakma tesisleri, zehirli metaller

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Birimi

Proje Numarası

FYL-2020-3180

Biomonitoring of Toxic Metals Observed in Incinerator Workers

Öz

Abstract − Exposure to chemicals released throughout the disposal and cure of waste is progressively recognized as a potential occupational health problem. An incinerator emits a variety of toxic substances and therefore their exposure can be a concern for the health of the personnel involved. Therefore, exposure levels must be measured carefully. In these cases, biological monitoring can be an essential complementary tool for identifying the actual occupational exposure of staff and preventing related health effects. There is a growing interest among workers in the development and use of sensitive and specific biomarkers for health risk assessment at very low exposure levels. Although there are many articles in the literature on the biomonitoring of metal exposed personnel, the results are sometimes inconsistent in the articles used in waste treatment activities. This is the first systematic review of large studies investigating the levels of different toxic metals measured in the biological matrices of incinerator workers, according to the Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The outcomes indicate that metal levels measured in the staff of waste incinerators are usually low, with some remarkable exceptions for Cd and Pb. Subsequent studies must center on an approach that uses both biological and environmental monitoring. Special importance must be placed on the measurement of varied granulometric fractions of metal- including powders, namely respirable, thoracic, respirable and ultrafine fractions. In addition, an accurate definition of the characteristics and levels of work assignments and non-occupational exposure must all the time be ensured.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biological monitoring, incinerator workers, occupational exposure, incinerator plants, toxic metals

Proje Numarası

FYL-2020-3180

Kaynakça

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