Current Economic View in Solar, Wind and Geothermal in The World and in Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 213 - 226, 25.04.2020

Gelengül Koçaslan

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.581747

Öz

Although it is often questioned that the renewable energy resources are important alternatives to fossil resources to meet the rapid increase in energy demand; recent developments all over the World remains as an answer to the questions. In the recent years, technological innovations and research and development works in the field draw attention to the renewable energy resources especially solar, wind and geothermal to meet the energy demand as a problem needs to be solved. This study evaluates the present situation and economic indicators in the World and in Turkey with international developments and recent data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable Energy Resources, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy

Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Güneş, Rüzgar ve Jeotermalde Güncel İktisadi Görünüm

Öz

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının,
hızla artan enerji talebini karşılamakta fosil kaynaklara önemli birer
alternatif olduklarına her ne kadar soru işaretleri ile yaklaşılsa da;
dünyadaki gelişmeler bu sorulara cevap niteliğinde karşımızda durmaktadır. Son
yıllarda, teknolojik yenilikler ve bu alanda genişletilen araştırma geliştirme
faaliyetleri bütün dünyanın çözmesi gereken büyük bir problem olarak ortada
duran enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının
cazibesine özellikle de güneş, rüzgar ve jeotermale bir kez daha dikkat
çekmiştir.Bu makalede dünyada ve Türkiye’deki mevcut durum ve iktisadi
göstergeler; uluslararası gelişmeler ve güncel verilerle değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları, Rüzgar Enerjisi, Güneş Enerjisi, Jeotermal Enerji

Kaynakça

• Adams, S. , Klobodu, E. K. M. &Apio, A. (2018). Renewableand Non-Renewable Energy, Regime Type and Economic Growth. Renewable Energy, 125, 755-767.
• Adeyanju, A. A. , Manohar, K. &Ramnath, A. (2018). Statistical Analysis of ElectricVehicleAdoption in Trinidad and Tobago. Innov Ener Res, 7(3), 1-23.
• Afonso, T. L. , Marques, A. C. &Fuinhas, J. A. (2017). Strategies to Make Renewable Energy Sources Compatible With Economic Growth. Energy Strategy Reviews, 18, 121-126.
• Alldritt, D. &Hopwood, D. (2010). Renewable Energy In Scotland. Renewable Energy Focus, 11(3), 28-33.
• Andini, C. , Cabral, R. &Santos, J. E. (2019). The Macroeconomic Impact Of Renewable Electricity Power Generation Projects. Renewable Energy,131, 1047-1059.
• Arantegui, R. L. (2019).Globalization In The Wind Energy Industry: Contribution And Economic Impact Of European Companies. Renewable Energy, 134, 612-628.
• Archer, S. A. &Wilckens, R. S. (2018). Systematic Analysis Of Biomass Derived Fuels For Fuel Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(52), 23178-23192.
• Argin, M. , Yerci, V. , Erdoğan, N. , Küçüksarı, S.&Cali, U. (2019). Exploring The Offshore Wind Energy Potential Of Turkey Based On Multi-Criteria Site Selection. Energy Strategy Reviews, 23, 33-46.
• At VallabhVidyanagar, A. V. , Joshi, S. &Joshi, F. M. (2016). Role Of Solar Energy Applications In Developing Smartcities Of India. Conference Paper, Conference: Recent Advances in Computer Science & Technology.
• Aydın, M. (2019). Renewable And Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence From OECD Countries. Renewable Energy, In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
• Bento, N. &Fontes, M. (2019). Emergence Of Floating Offshore Wind Energy: Technology and Industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 99, 66-82.
• Bosch, J. , Staffell, I. &Hawkes, A. D. (2018). Temporally Explicit and Spatially Resolved Global Offshore Wind Energy Potentials. Energy, 163, 766-781.
• Bulut, U. &Muratoğlu, G. (2018). Renewable energy in Turkey: Great Potential, Low But Increasing Utilization, and An Empirical Analysis On Renewable Energy-Growth Nexus. Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
• Eerens, H.&de Visser, E. (2008). Wind-energypotential in Europe 2020-2030. The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) Technical Paper.
• Green, F. (2018). Anti-fossil Fuel Norm. Climatic Change, 150(1-2) , 103–116.
• Hain, M. , Schermeyer, H. , Homburg, M. U.&Fichtner, W. (2018). Managing Renewable Energy Production Risk. Journal of Banking& Finance, 97, 1-19.
• Harjanne, A. &Korhonen, J. M. (2019). Abandoning the concept of renewableenergy. Energy Policy, 127, 330-340.
• Higgins, P. &Foley, A. M. (2013). Review Of Offshore Wind Power Development In The United Kingdom. Conference Paper.  Conference: Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC).
• Higgins, P. , &Foley, A. (2014) The Evolution Of Offshore Windpower In The United Kingdom. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 599-612.
• Hopke, J. &Hestres, L. E. (2017) Fossil Fuel Divestment And Climate Change Communication. Research presented at the 67th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association (ICA), San Diego, California.
• Hopkins, M. Li, Y. (2016). InY. Zhou, W. Lazonick, Y. Sun (Eds.)The Rise of TheChinese Solar PhotovoltaicIndustry: Firms, Governments, and Global Competition. China As an Innovation Nation(pp. 306-332). Oxford University Press.
• Jakob, S. D. , Thellufsen, Z.&Sorknaes, P. (2018). The Electricity Market In A Renewable Energy System. Energy, 162, 148-157.
• Jenniches, S. (2018). Assessing The Regional Economic Impacts Of Renewable Energy Sources – A Literature Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 35-51.
• Junginger, M. , Agterbosch, S. , Faaij, A. &Turkenburg, W.C. (2004). Renewable Electricity In The Netherlands.  Energy Policy, 32(9):1053-1073.
• Kim, J. , Park, S. Y. & Lee, J. (2018). Do People Really Want Renewable Energy? Who Wants Renewable Energy?: Discrete Choice Model Of Reference-Dependent Preference In South Korea. Energy Policy,120, 761-770.
• Li, C. , Negnevitsky, M. , Wang, X. , Yue, W. L. &Zou, X. (2019). Multi-Criteria Analysis Of Policies For Implementing Clean Energy Vehicles. China Energy Policy, 129, 826–840.
• Lin, B. &Chen, Y. (2019). Does Electricity Price Matter For Innovation In Renewable Energy Technologies In China? Energy Economics, 78, 259-266.
• Lucas, H. , Pinnington, S. &Cabeza, L. F. (2018). Education and Training Gaps In The Renewable Energy Sector. Solar Energy, 173, 449-455.
• Maambo, H. (2017). Renewable Energy Electricity Generation In Scotland Using Energy PLAN, Technical Report, Heriot-Watt University.
• Marugan, A. P. , Pedro, F. , Marquez, P. G. , Perez, J. M. P. &Hernandez, D. R. (2018). A Survey Of Artificial Neural Network In Wind Energy Systems. Applied Energy, 228, 1822-1836.
• Möhner, M. (2018). Driving Ban For Diesel-Powered Vehicles In Major Cities: An Appropriate Penalty For Exceeding The Limit Value For Nitrogendioxide?International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91(4), 373–376.
• Munro, F. R. (2018). Renewable Energy And Transition-Peripherydynamics In Scotland. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, In Press, Corrected Proof.
• Neves, T. , Marcelo, S. &Santos, S. (2018). Renewable Energy And Politics: A Systematic Review And New Evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 2018, 553-568.Patel, S. (2014). Generation Of Vestas 8-MW Offshore Wind Prototype Begins.
• Patel, S. (2014). Generation Of Vestas 8-MW Offshore Wind Prototype Begins.
• Patel, S. (2017). Big Winds For Big Offshore Wind Turbines From Siemens, MHI Vestas. Power,161(3).
• Pfeifer, A. , Dobravec, V. , Pavlinek, L. , Krajacic, G. &Duic, N. , (2018). Integration Of Renewable Energy And Demand Response Technologies In Interconnected Energy Systems. Energy, 161, 447-455.
• Phillips, L. (2019). Solar Energy. In T. M. Letcher (Eds.) Managing Global Warming. An Interface of Technologyand Human Issues(pp. 317-332). London, Academic Press.
• Pursiheimo, E. , Holttinen, H. &Koljonen, T. (2018). Inter-Sectoral Effects Of High Renewable Energy Share In Global Energy System. Renewable Energy, In Press, Corrected Proof.
• Sanchez, J. , Curt, M. D. , Robert, N.&Fernandez, J. (2019). ChapterTwo –BiomassResources. In C. Lago, N. Caldés, Y. Lechón (Eds.) The Role of Bioenergy in the Bioeconomy Resources, Technologies, Sustainability and Policy (pp. 25-111). London, Academic Press.
• Shaddiq, S. (2013).Wind Turbin Energy As An Alternative Resource And Environmentally Friendly. RenewableEnergy Conference Paper.
• Shravanth V. M. , Vashista, G. A. , Jayaraman, S.&Ramasesha, S. (2017). Rail Coaches With Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Feasibility Study. Energy, 118:684-691.
• Shravanth, V. , Aravindan, M. , Balaji, V. & Arumugam, M. (2018). Status Of Solar Photovoltaic Systems In India. Conference Paper.
• Trainer, T. (2017). Some Problems In Storing Renewable Energy. Energy Policy, 110, 2017, 386-393.
• Wang, F. , Yin, H. , & Li, S. (2010). China’s Renewable Energy Policy: Commitments And Challenges. Energy Policy, 38(4),1872-1878.
• Zerrahn, A. , Schill, W. P. &Kemfert, C. (2018). On The Economics Of Electrical Storage For Variable Renewable Energy Sources. European Economic Review, 108, 259-279.
• Zheng, C. , Xiao, Z. , Peng, Z. X. , Li, C. &Du, Z. (2018).Rezoning Global Offshore Wind Energy Resources. Renewable Energy, 129, Part A, 1-11.
• Enerdata (2018a).Total energy. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: worldconsumption.https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world- consumption-statistics.html
• Enerdata. (2018b). Total energy, worldenergyproduction. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world- energy-production.html
• Enerdata. (2018c). Total energy, worldimportexport statistics. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-import-export-statistics.html
• EMO. (2018). Ekler. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/89bb9e665db0b5a_ek.pd
• Enerji Atlası. (2018a). Elektrik tüketimi. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-tuketimi/
• Enerji Atlası. (2018b). Elektrik üretimi. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/
• Enerji Atlası. (2018c). Elektrik üretimi, güneş. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/gunes
• Enerji Atlası. (2018d). Ülkelere göre güneş. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ulkelere-gore-gunes-enerjisi.html
• Enerji Atlası. (2018e). Elektrik üreitmi, rüzgar. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/ruzgar
• Enerji Atlası. (2018f). Ülkelere göre rüzgar enerjisi. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ulkelere-gore-ruzgar-enerjisi.html
• Enerji Atlası. (2018g). Elektrik üretimi, jeotermal. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/jeotermal
• Enerji Atlası. (2018h). Ülkelere göre jeotermal enerji. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ulkelere-gore-jeotermal-enerji.html
• France Diplomatie. (2019). French foreign policy, climate, 2015 Paris climate conference.Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web:https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/climate/2015-paris-climate-conference-cop21/
• IEA. (2018). Renewables. Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: https://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/
• IEA. (2019a). Banning diesel petrol cars will impose vast costs on drivers.Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web:https://iea.org.uk/media/banning-diesel-petrol-cars-will-impose-vast-costs-on-drivers/
• IEA. (2019b). Member activities, Sweeden. Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web:https://community.ieawind.org/about/member-activities/sweden
• Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (2019).April is shaping up to be momentous in transition from coal to renewables.Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: ieefa.org/ieefa-u-s-april-is-shaping-up-to-be-momentous-in-transition-from-coal-to-renewables/
• Kayseri OSB. (2019). Kayseri OSB. Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: https://www.kayseriosb.org
• LasvegasNevada. Gov. (2019). Government initiatives, sustainability resources. Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web:https://lasvegasnevada.gov/Government/Initiatives/Sustainability/Sustainability-Resources?tab=0
• offshorewindScotland. (2019). Offshore winds Scotland. Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: https://www.offshorewindscotland.org.uk/
• Schiphol. (2019).Dutch wind power. Retrieved April 12, 2019 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web:https://www.schiphol.nl/en/schiphol-group/page/100-procent-dutch-wind-power/
• YEGM. (2018).Yenilenebilir.Retrieved January 1, 2018 (de indirildi) from the World Wide Web: http://www.yegm.gov.tr/yenilenebilir.aspx