Hanehalkı finansal katılımını etkileyen faktörler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 265 - 276, 31.01.2023

Behice Canatan , Ozlem Ipek

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1199662

Öz

Ülkelerin yoksulluğu azaltması ve sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınması için bir ön koşul olarak görülen finansal katılım, çeşitlendirilmiş ürün ve hizmetlerle finansal sektörlerini geliştirmeye yönelik adımlar için ana aktör haline gelmiştir. Dünya genelinde resmi finansal hizmetlere yeterli erişim sağlayamayan bireylerin finansal sisteme entegre olmalarına yönelik bir olgu olması finansal katılımı önemli kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle finansal katılım makroekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkili olduğu kadar özellikle bireysel düzeyde değişikliklerle de sıkı bir ilişki içerisindedir. Tüm bu nedenlerle, bu çalışmada, hanehalklarının finansal katılımı mikro boyutta nelerin şekillendirdiğinin ve finansal katılım tercihlerine etki eden sosyoekonomik faktörlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle temel bileşen analizi (PCA) ile Türkiye özelinde finansal katılım indeksini oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen indeks üzerinden hanehalklarının finansal katılımına etki eden faktörler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından sağlanan 2019 yılı Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Mikro veri seti yardımıyla genelleştirilmiş sıralı logit modeli kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda finansal katılıma etki eden en önemli faktörlerin sırasıyla eğitim seviyesi, harcama düzeyi ve internet üzerinden alışveriş yapma durumu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken, özellikle riske karşı tutumun finansal tercihlerle ilişkili olması hanelerin risk yapısını finansal katılım üzerinde önemli kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hanehalkı, Finansal Katılım, Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit Model, Türkiye, Household, Financial Participation, Generalized Ordered Logit Model, Turkey

Factors affecting household financial participation

Öz

Financial participation, which is seen as a prerequisite for poverty reduction and sustainable development, has become the main actor in the steps of countries to develop their financial sectors with diversified products and services. The fact that individuals who cannot provide adequate access to official financial services around the world are integrated into the financial system makes financial participation important. For this reason, financial participation is closely related to macroeconomic variables as well as micro-level changes. For all these reasons, in this study, it is aimed to determine what shapes households' financial participation at the micro level and socioeconomic factors that affect their financial participation preferences. For this purpose, first of all, the financial participation index for Turkey was created by principal component analysis (PCA). The factors affecting the financial participation of households through the index obtained were estimated using the generalized ordered logit model with the help of the 2019 Household Budget Survey Micro data set provided by the Turkstat. We found that the most important factors affecting financial participation are education level, spending level, and online shopping status. Moreover especially the fact that the attitude towards risk is related to financial preferences makes the risk structure of households important in financial participation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Household, Financial Participation, Generalized Ordered Logit Model, Turkey

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