IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL (MOLM) AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BROILERS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 90 - 96, 15.12.2020

Madeeha Akram Ijaz Saleem Muhammad Farhab , Zubair Luqman

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.738447

Cited By: 1

Öz

ABSTRACT
Moringa oleifera meal can serve as a natural antimicrobial agent and a feed supplement supplying nutrients for rural and commercial poultry. Recently Moringa have wide range of application as a medicine, protein supplement and as an antioxidant in poultry. Moringa mainly composed of carbohydrates (38%), 27%, protein (27%), moisture (6%) and fibre (18%). The present study was planned to check efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) for immunomodulatory effects in Broilers whilst it has been established already that there isn’t any deleterious effect in M. oleifera which are found in chemical drugs. 144 birds were divided into 4 groups having 12 birds of each and subdivided into groups of 12. Such that treatment groups were D; receiving 0%, divided into replicates D1, D2, D3 while similar divisions of group A, B and C received 2, 4 and 6 % of MOLM infused in their feed as an additive supplement. The birds were slaughtered at 14th, 21th and 35th day and blood as well as serum was collected for the sake of hematological parameters and to check the antibody titre using HA/HI checking for effectiveness of immune system at producing antibodies against Newcastle Disease, which the birds were vaccinated against. Maximum weight gain was observed in broilers fed diet B while lowest weight gain was observed in birds fed diet D, which was a control group. Maximum feed intake was observed in broilers fed diet A while lowest feed intake was observed in birds fed diet D, which was a control group. Significantly, better feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed diet B whereas the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in broilers fed diet without Moringa oleifera supplementations. The highest antibody level was found in the birds of group B, while lowest level was found in the broilers of group D. Maximum spleen weight was observed in birds fed diet group C and D while lowest weight was observed in birds fed diet A. Maximum thymus weight was observed in birds fed diet B and C. Bursa weight was observed in birds fed diet A and D while lowest weight was observed in birds fed diet C. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) on hematological profile among groups. All the collected data was analyzed by statistical software Minitab Inc. 2010. Minitab Statistical Software (Release 17). State College, PA. The data thus, obtained was subjected to CRD for analysis of variance. It was concluded that Moringa infused in feed does enhance immune parameters of broilers, making them better at combating diseases, making Moringa a viable dietary supplement for commercial poultry. It was also found that the optimal dose of Moringa in MOLM is 4g/kg feed

Anahtar Kelimeler

moringa oliefera, broilers, Newcastle disease, immunity

Kaynakça

• REFERENCES Abousekken MSM, 2015. Performance, immune response and carcass quality of broilers fed low protein diets contained either Moringa oleifera leaves meal or its extract. J. American Sci. 11: 153-164.
• Adejola YA, Sobayo RA, Muhammed SB, Akinbola DD and A Olanrewaju. 2016. Effects of two herbal feed additives with or without grits on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. Adv., 6:1548-1554.
• Ahmad S, A Khalique, TN Pasha et al., 2017. Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pods as feed additive on egg antioxidants, chemical composition and performance of commercial layers. South Afri J Ani Sci, 47: 864-874.
• Alnidawi, N. A., Hanaa, F. M., Sherein, S., Fatma, A., & Farid, M, 2016. Moringa oleifera Leaves in Broiler Diets: Effect on Chicken Performance and Health. Vol (58): 2224-6088.
• Alexander DJ and DA Senne, 2008. Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses, in: A laboratory manual for the isolation, identification and characterization of avian pathogens, 5th E ) Pp, 135-141.
• Anamika G, Manish K, Rahul K, Rao C, Goel R and Shampa A 2010. Immunumodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 48: 1157-1160. Aruna M and N Srilatha, 2012. Water clarification using Moringa oleifera Lam.seed as a natural coagulant. Current Biotica, 5(4): 472-486.
• Ashong JO and DL Brown. 2011. Safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera powder for growing poultry. J. Anim. Sci., 89: 84.
• Ayssiwede, S., Dieng, A., Bello, H., Chrysostome, C. A. A. M., Hane, M. B., Mankor, A.,& Missohou, A, 2011. Effects of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaves meal incorporation in diets on growth performances, carcass characteristics and economics results of growing indigenous senegal chicken.Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,10(12): 1132-1145.
• Banjo OS 2012. Growth and performance as affected by inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in broiler chicks diet. J. of Bio, Agri. and Healthcare 2: 35-39.
• Boakye OD, Emikpe BO, Folitse RD, Bonnah SG, Adusei K, Owusu M, Oyebanji VO. 2015. Serological detection of newcastle disease virus antibodies in local chickens and guinea fowls in the area of kumasi, Ghana. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 18: 087-092.
• Bolu SA, FF Suleiman and KD Adeyemi. 2013. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the performance, heamatology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. Niugini Agrisaiens (5):1–9.
• Chollom SC, GOA Agada, JG Gotep, SE Mwankon, PC Dus, YS Bot, DY Nyango, CL Singnap, EJ Fyaktu and AEJ Okwori. 2012. Investigation of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera lam seed for antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus in ovo. J. of Med. and Pl. Res., 6(22) 3870-3875.
• Cwayita W. 2013. Effect of feeding Moringa oleifera leaf meal as an additive on growth performance of chicken, physico-chemical shelf – life indicators, fatty acids profiles and lipid oxidation of broiler meat. Thesis M.Sc.(Ani. Science), Facul. Of Sci. and Agri, Uni. Of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
• Ezejindu DN, AJ, Akiingboye 2014. Protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on murcury induced spleenotoxity in adult wistar rats. Int Mult-dis e- J Vol(3): 57- 63.
• David LS, JK Vidanarachchi, K Samarasinghe, HW Cyril and CMB Dematawewa. 2012. Effects of Moringa based feed additives on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chick. Tropical Agri. Res. 24: 12– 20.
• David SOF. and IO Ademola. 2013. Direct effects of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) acetone leaf extract on broiler chickens naturally infected with Eimeria species. Tropical Ani. H. and Produ. 45 (6): 1423–142.
• Donkor RL, K Glover, D Addae and KA Kubi. 2013. Estimating the nutritional value of the leaves of Moringa oleifera on poultry. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 4: 1077-1083.
• Eze DC, EC Okwor, J Okoye et al., 2013. Immunologic effects of Moringa oleifera methanolic leaf extract in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus (kudu 113) strain. Afri J of Pharm and Pharma, 7: 2231-2237.
• Eze DC, EC Okwor, CH Ehirim , JO Ibu, and SVO Shoyinka. 2014. Comparative Evaluation of Moringa oleifera and Vacci-Boost Immunomodulators. South Asian J. Expl. Biol. 4: 42-47.
• Feustel S, Ayon-Perez, F, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Rodriguez-Echevarria R, Contreras-salinas H, Armendarz-Borunda J, & Sanchez-Or0zco LV(2017). Protective Effects of Moringa oleifera on HBV Genotypes C and H Transiently Transfected Huh7 cells. Journal of immunology research, 2017.
• Fuglier LJ 1999. The miracle tree: Moringa oleifera. Natural nutrition for the tropics. Church World Service, Dakkar, Senegal, 68.
• Gaafar AA, EA Ibrahim, MS Asker, AF Moustafa and ZA Salama, 2016. Characterization of Polyphenols, Polysaccharides by HPLC and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Defatted Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Meal Extract. Inter J of Pharmal and Clinil Res, 8(6): 565-573.
• Gadzirayi CT, B Masamha, JF Mupangwa and S Washaya 2012, Performance of broiler chickens fed on mature Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein supplement to soyabean meal. Inter J of P Sci, 11(1): 5-10.
• Gaia S, 2005. Wonder tree 100 facts Moringa fact 04 exceptional animal feed Moringa as livestock feed & pet food. Moringa Mission Trust.
• Gakuya DW, Mbugua PN, Kavoi B, Kiama SG. 2014. Effect of Supplementation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal in Broiler Chicken Feed. International Journal of Poultry Science.13:208-213. Hassan KU, Khalique A, Pasha TN, Akram, M, Mahmood S, Sahota AW, Imran MS and Saleem G, 2017. Influence of Moringa oleifera Decorticated Seed Meal on broiler performance and immunity. Pak. Vet. J. vol 37(1): 47-50.
• Hossam A, MA Abdelazem, HS Farag and A Hamed. 2016. Some hemato-biochemical, bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens. Int. J of Basic and Applied Sci. 5:99-104.
• Ikubani PP, Komolafe CA, Agboola, OO and Osueke CO, 2017. Moringa Seed Dhueling Machine. A New Conceptual Design. JPE Vol 20(2).
• Fahey JW,2005. Moringa Pleifera: A review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, therapeutic and prophylactic Properties, part 1. Trees for life Journal 1-5.
• Kakengi AMV, JT Kaijage, SV Sarwatt, SK Mutayoba, MN Shem and T Fujihara. 2007. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for sunflower seed meal on performance of laying hens in tanzania. Livest Res Rur Dev. 19: 120.
• Karthivashan G, P Arulselvan, AR. Alimon, IS Ismail and S Fakurazi. 2015. Competing role of bioactive constituents in Moringa oleifera extract and conventional nutrition feed on the performance of cobb 500 broilers. BioMed Res. I. 1-13.
• Khalafalla MM, Abdellatef E, Dafalla HM, Nassrallah AA, Aboul-Enein KM, Lightfoot DA. 2010. Active principle from Moringa oleif.era Lam Leaves effective against two leukemias and a hepatocarcinoma. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9:8467-8471
• Khalifa K, A Abedlrahim, ES Elnasri, IM and SO Ahmed, 2013. A retrospective study (2000-2005) of poultry diseases diagnosed at department of avian diseases and diagnosis, veterinary research institute (VRI)-Khartoum. Sudanese J of Ani Sci, 9: 42-45.
• Kout E, MEL Moustafa, Riry, FH Shata, Mousa, MAM Hanan, AH Alghonimy and SF Youssef, 2015. Effect of Using Moringa oleifera leaf meal on Performance of Japanese quail. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 35: 1095-1108.
• Leone, A., Spada, A., Battezzati, A., Schiraldi, A., Aristil, J., & Bertoli, S. (2015). Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: an overview.International journal of molecular sciences,16(6), 12791-12835.
• Mahmood S, A Rehman, M Yousaf, P Akhtar, G Abbas, K Hayat and MK Shahzad, 2015. Comparative efficacy of different herbal plant’s leaf extract on haematology, intestinal histomorphology and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Adv Zool Bot, 3(2): 11-16.
• Mahmood S, K Hayat, M Yousaf, G Abbas and A Rehman. 2016. Comparative effect of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Cichorium intybus leaf extracts on growth performance, immune response and carcass characteristics of broilers. Scholar’s Adv. Anim. Vet. Res., 3: 60-65.
• Makanjuola BA, OO Obi, TO Olorungbohunmi, OA Morakinyo, MO Oladele-Bukola and BA Boladuro. 2014. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for antibiotics on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Live. Res. for Rur. Dev. 26 (8). Mbanga J, N Mangoma and B Saidi, 2010. An evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of Aloe barbadensis, A. chabaudii and A. arborescens leaf extracts used in folklore veterinary medicine in Zimbabwe. J of Ani and Vet Adv, 9: 2918-2923.
• Melesse A, W Tiruneh and T Negesse. 2011. Effects of feeding Moringa stenopetala leaf meal on nutrient intake and growth performance of Rhode Island Red chicks under tropical climate. Trop Subtrop Agroeco 14: 485–492.
• Moez SI, AY Badawi and HAA Omer. 2014. Assessment of antimicrobial effect of Moringa: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Afri. J of micro res. 8(42).
• Molepo LS 2014. Effect of Moringa seed meal supplementation on productivity and carcass characterictics of ross 308 broiler chickens. Thesis M.Sc. Agri. (Anim. Prod.) University of Limpopo.
• Moreki JC and K Gabanakgosi. 2014. Potential Use of Moringa oleifera in Poultry Diets Glob. J. of Ani. Sci. Res. 2:109-115.Mousa MA, Osman AS and Abdel Hady HAM, 2017. Performance, Immunology and biochemical parameters of Moringa oleifera and/or Cichorium intybus addition to broiler chicken rates. J of Vet Med and Animal Health. Vol 9(10): 255- 263.Okafor, E. C., Hayakawa, A., Nagano, Y., & Kitagawa, T. (2014). Effects of hydrogen concentration on premixed laminar flames of hydrogen–methane–air.international journal of hydrogen energy,39(5), 2409-2417.
• Oghenebrorhie, O., & Oghenesuvwe, O. (2016). Performance and haematological characteristics of broiler finisher fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal diets.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition),23(1), 28-34. Okiki, P. A., Osibote, I. A., Balogun, O., Oyinloye, B. E., Idris, O. O., Adelegan, O.,. & Olagbemide, P. T. (2015). Evaluation of Proximate, Minerals, Vitamins and Phytochemical Composition of Moringa oleifera Lam. Cultivated in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.Advances in Biological Research,9(6), 436-443.
• Nkukwana TT, V Muchenjea, E Pieterse, PJ Masika, TP Mabusela, LC Hoffman and K Dzama. 2014. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, digestive organ size and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Livestock Sci. J. 16:139–146.
• Nouman W, SMA. Basra, MT Siddiqui, A Yasmeen, T Gull and MAC Alcayde. 2013. Potential of Moringa oleifera L. as livestock fodder crop: a review. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 37: 1-1
• Ochi EB, Elbushra M.E, Fatur M. Abubakr O. Ismail, Hafiz Abdalla. 2015. Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera lam) seeds on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 5:.8.
• Ogbe AO, and JP Affiku, 2012. Effect of polyherbal aqueous extracts (Moringa oleifera, gum arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum) in comparison with antibiotic on growth performance and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. Res J of Rec Sci, Vol.1(7): 10-18.
• Ogbe AO and PA John. 2011. Proximate study, mineral and antinutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves harvested from Lafia, Nigeria: Potential benefits in poultry nutrition and health. J of Micro, Biote and F Sci, 1: 296-308.
• Ologhobo D, EI Akangbe, IO Adejumo and O Adeleye. 2014. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as replacement for oxytetracycline on carcass characteristics of the diets of broiler chickens. Annual Res. Review Biol. 4: 423-431.
• Olugbemi T, S Mutayoba and F Lekule, 2010. Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) inclusion in cassava based diets fed to broilers chickens. Inter J Poult Sci, 9: 363-367.
• Olugbemi TS, SK Mutayoba and FP Lekule. 2010. Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) inclusion in cassava based diets fed to broiler chickens. I. J. Poult. Sci. 9: 363-367.
• Onsare JG, H Kaur and DS Arora. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera from different locations against some human pathogens, Academia J. of Med. Plants 1:080-091.
• Onu PN and Aniebo AO 2011. Influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the performance and blood chemistry of starter broilers. Int. J of Food, Agri and Vet Sci. Vol 1(1): 38-44.
• Onunkwo DN and OS George. 2015. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds. J. Agri. Vet. Sci. 8: 63-66.
• Orwa C, A Mutua, R Kindt, R Jamnadass and S Anthony, 2009. Agro-forestry Database: a tree
• reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agro-forestry Centre, Kenya. Pp, 335-336. Paguia HM, RQ Paguia, C Balba and RC Flores. 2014. Utilization and evaluation of Moringa oleifera l. as poultry feeds. 3rd Int. conf. on asia agri. and anim. APCBEE Procedia. 8: 343 – 347.
• Perez A, T Sánchez, N Armengol y and F Reyes. 2005. Characteristics and potential of Moringa oleifera, Lamark. An alternative for animal feeding. Price, M.L. 2007. The Moringa Tree. Echo Technical Note.
• Qamar SH, A Haq, N Asghar, S Rehma, P Akhtar and G Abbas. 2015. Effect of herbal medicine supplementations (arsilvon super, bedgen 40 and hepa-cure herbal medicines) on growth performance, immunity and haematological profile in broilers.Ad. in zoo and bot. 3(2): 17-23.
• Raza A, F Muhammad, S Bashir, MI Anwar, MM Awais, M Akhtar and MU Naseer, 2015.Antiviral and immune boosting activities of different medicinal plants against Newcastle disease virus in poultry. W P Sci J , 71(3): 523-532.Steel, RGD, JH Torrie and DA Dicke, 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometric Approach. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, Book Publishing Company, Toronto, Canada.
• Teixeira EMB, Carvalho MRB, Neves VA, Silva MA, Arantes-Pereira, L. 2014. Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves. Food Chemistry. 147:51–54.
• Tijani LA, Akanji AM, Agbalaya K and Onigemo, M. 2015. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21: 46-53.
• Wang YM, QP Meng, YM Guo, YZ Wang, ZL Yao and TZ Shan, 2010. Effect of Atmosphere Ammonia on Growth Performance and Immunological Response of Broiler Chicken. J Anim Vet Ady, 9(22): 2802-2806.
• Yameogo C, M Bengaly, A Savadogo, P Nikiema, and S Traore, 2011. Determination of chemical composition and nutritional values Moringa oleifera leaves. Pak J Nutr, 10: 264-268.
• Yan Z, Y Du, Q Zhao, R Fan, W Guo, R Ma, X Wang and R Zhu, 2011. Mucosal immune responses against live newcastle disease vaccine in immunosuppressed chickens. Pak Vet J, 31: 280-286.
• Zvinorova PI, L Lekhanya, K Erlwanger and E Chivandi. 2014. Dietary effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on growth, gastrointestinal morphometry and blood and liver metabolites in Sprague Dawley rats. J of Ani. Phy and Ani. Nutri, 99:21–2.
• Zanu, H. K., Asiedu, P., Tampuori, M., Abada, M., & Asante, I. (2012). Possibilities of using Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal as a partial substitute for fishmeal in broiler chickens diets.Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research,2(1), 70-75.