FİLİSTİN’DE İSLAMİ HAREKETİN SİYASALLAŞMASI: HAMAS (1946-2024)

Yıl 2024, Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 163 - 194, 10.05.2024

Gökhan Çınkara

Öz

Bu akademik çalışma Filistin’de İslami hareketin siyasallaşması süreci üzerinden Hamas’ın ortaya çıkmasına imkân veren toplumsal, siyasal ve jeopolitik faktörleri incelemektedir. Hamas, 1987 yılında kuruluşunu ilan etmiş olmasına rağmen bu oluşumun üzerinde yükseldiği geniş bir elit havuzu, toplumsal yardımlaşma ağları ve uluslararası dengelerin ivmelendirmesiyle yükselen destekleyici kümesi bulunmaktadır. Hamas esasında Filistin’de kurumsallaşmış Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilatı’nın yerel ve dinamik bir koludur. Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilatı üyeleri kuruluşlarından itibaren Hasan El-Benna önderliğinde Filistin’e özel bir önem atfetmişlerdir. Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilatı 1946 yılında Filistin’de kurumsallaşma sürecini başlatmıştır. Bu süreç Filistin’de İslami hareketin Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilatı’nın Mısır ve Ürdün şubeleri olmak üzere karşılaştıkları meydan okumalar veya önlerine çıkan fırsat pencerelerinden etkilenmelerine yol açmıştır. Bu sebeple Hamas’ın gelişim süreci Müslüman Kardeşler Teşkilatı’nın iç ve dış gelişmelerine bağlı olarak şekillendiği söylenebilir. Hamas’ın bahsedilen faktörlerin yanında İsrail’in 1948 sonrasında işgal ettiği coğrafyada yeşeren İslami Hareket (Kuzey ve Güney kolları) ile etkileşim içerisinde olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.

Bu makalenin temel araştırma konusu Hamas’ın tarihsel ve toplumsal gelişim süreçlerini elitler, kurumlar ve olaylar üzerinden incelemektir. Makalenin temel araştırma soruları şu şekildedir: Hamas’ın ortaya çıkışında ne tür faktörler etkili olmuştur? Hamas’ın toplumsal, siyasal ve jeopolitik kökenleri neler olabilir? Bu soruları cevaplarken metodolojik olarak yapısal faktörlerin baskın rolü göz önüne alınmıştır. Bunlar konjonktürel gelişmelerden etkilenmeyen ve kökleşmiş toplumsal kurumlar, ilişkiler, kültür ve jeopolitik olarak sayılabilir. Öte yandan elitlerin tercihleri ve güncel kriz momentleri ise konjonktüre bağlı faktörler olarak gösterilebilir. Bu iki temel dinamik yani yapısal ve konjonktürel faktörler Hamas’ın gelişim ve oluşum süreçlerinde temel yönlendiriciler olarak makalede işlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin, Filistin Siyaseti, Filistin Milliyetçiliği, Filistin İslami Hareketi, HAMAS

Politicization of the Islamic Movement in Palestine: HAMAS (1946-2024)

Öz

Kaynakça

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