Yarı kurak bölgelerde sentetik açıklıklı radar (mikrodalga) görüntüleri ile toprak neminin tahmini

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 8 - 25, 14.02.2020

Tülay Tunçay

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.551781

Öz

Toprak
neminin konumsal ve zamansal olarak dağılımı, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde
kuraklık izlemesi, ürün sulama planlaması, ürün tahmini gibi havza seviyesindeki
tarımsal uygulamalarda anahtar bir parametredir. Ayrıca, radar uydu görüntüleri
çeşitli bölgeler için toprak ve bitki örtüsü dağılımının mekânsal ve zamansal
olarak ortaya konulmasını sağlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Aktif mikrodalga
sensör sistemleri kullanarak yüzey toprağı neminin tahmini araştırmacılar,
koruma planlamacıları ve doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımını izleyen
karar vericiler için yararlı bilgilerden biridir. Bu çalışma, yarı kurak iklime
sahip Altınova Tarım İşletmesi arazisinde seçilen altmış dört kilometrekarelik
test alanı topraklarında yürütülmüştür. Dört farklı zamanda elde edilen
Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (SAR) görüntülerinin gerisaçılım değerleri
(Radarsat-2) ve yüzey toprağı nemi arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Altınova Tarım İşletmesine ait dört SAR görüntüsü (4
tane Radarsat-2 görüntüsü) kullanılmıştır. Eş zamanlı olarak, 730 farklı
noktada 250 m aralıklarla yüzey toprak örnekleri 0-20 cm’den alınmış ve çalışma
alanı boyunca gravimetrik yöntem kullanılarak yüzey toprağının nemi
belirlenmiştir. Her örnekleme periyodu için yüzey toprağı nem dağılım
haritaları ordinary kriging kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Toprak nem dağılım
haritalarına göre Ağustos verileri, çalışma alanı boyunca diğer örnekleme
dönemlerine kıyasla yüzey toprağı neminde en fazla değişiklikleri göstermiştir.
Bu nedenle çalışma alanı boyunca gerisaçılma (Ağustos 2012 Radarsat-2
verilerinden elde edilen) ile toprak nemi içeriği arasındaki ilişkinin diğer
SAR veri sonuçlarından daha iyi olduğu bulunmuştur (r=0.506, p<0.05). 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak nemi, RADARSAT-2, Konumsal Değişkenlik

Estimation of soil moisture by synthetic aparture radar (microwave) images in semi arid regions

Öz

Spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture
is a key parameter for agricultural applications at watershed level such as
drought monitoring, crop irrigation scheduling, and yield estimations in arid
and semi-arid regions. Moreover, radar satellite imagery systems have been used
to figure out soil and vegetation distributions spatially and temporally for
various regions. Estimation of surface soil moisture using active microwave
sensor systems is among useful information for researchers, conservation
planners, and decision makers pursuing sustainable use of natural resources.
This study was carried out at the soils of selected sixty-four square
kilometers test site in Altınova State Farm. It was aimed to determine the
relationship between the surface soil moisture and the backscatter values of
SAR images (Radarsat-2) obtained four different times. To that end, four SAR
images (4 Radarsat-2 images) from Altınova State Farm were used. Surface soil
samples were collected simultaneously from 0-20 cm depth at 730 different
points with 250 m-intervals, and soil moisture was determined using gravimetric
method throughout the study area. In regards to each sampling period, surface
soil moisture distribution maps were produced using ordinary kriging method.
Considering the soil moisture distribution maps the data obtained in August
indicated the most alterations in the surface soil moisture throughout the
study area in comparison to the other sampling periods. Therefore, it was
revealed that the relationship between backscattering (obtained from Radarsat-2
data in August, 2012) and soil moisture content was better than the other SAR
data results (r=0.506, p<0.05). 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil moisture, Radarsat-2, Spatial Variability

Kaynakça

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