Investigation of the Phenological and Climate Indices of Some Table and Wine Grapes and Their Growing Status in the Samsun-Bafra Plain (Türkiye)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 143 - 162, 29.02.2024

Şinasi Karabektaşoğlu , Bülent Köse , Andrej Svyantek

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1394670

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the viticultural potential of Bafra plain based on viticulture climate indices. Bafra district was classified as warm-temperate according to Winkler and Huglin indices. The Winkler index (WI) 1969.0, Huglin index (HI) 2184.4 °C units, Branas Heliothermic Index (BHI) 4.5, and Branas Hydrothermal Index (HYI) 3423.6 were obtained for the Bafra region. Annual sunshine duration was calculated as 2295.5 hours, while sunshine duration during the growing period was 1715.0 hours. Considering the HYI value being somewhat high, this combined with the high air humidity in the summer months shows an increased risk of fungal diseases. The bud burst occurred in the second week of April and flowering occurred in the first week of June in all cultivars. The earliest veraison initiated with early ripening ‘Early Sweet’ and ‘Trakya İlkeren’ cultivars and the latest veraison was in ‘Ugni Blanc’ and ‘Red Globe’. The earliest ripening was determined in ‘Early Sweet’ with 937.7 GDD, and the latest ripening was determined in the ‘Ugni Blanc’ cultivar as 1729.2 GDD. The period from bud burst to maturity was 110 days in ‘Early Sweet’ and 170 days in the ‘Ugni Blanc’. Sites selected with high altitude, areas that slope slightly to the south sides, low humidity, and far from sea areas are suitable for early and mid-season ripening grape cultivars. The high humidity in the summer and heavy rain in the fall season increase fungal disease risks in the Bafra region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grapevine, Ripening, Adaptation, Phenolgy, Climatic Indices

Bazi Sofralık Ve Şaraplık Üzümlerin Fenolojik ve İklim Endeksleri ile Samsun-Bafra Ovasında Yetiştirilme Durumunun İncelenmesi

Öz

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Bu çalışmanın amacı, bazı iklim indekslerine dayanarak Bafra ovasının bağcılık potansiyelini belirlemektir. Bafra ilçesi Winkler ve Huglin İndekslerine göre sıcak-ılıman bölge olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bafra bölgesi için Winkler İndeksi (WI) 1969.0 gün.derece; Huglin İndeksi (HI) 21844 derece.birim; Branas Heliotermik İndeksi (BHI) 4.5 ve Branas Hidrotermik İndeksi (HYI) 3423.6 olarak elde edilmiştir. Yıllık güneşlenme süresi 2295.5 saat, yetiştirme dönemindeki güneşlenme süresi ise 1715.0 saat olarak hesaplanmıştır. HYI değerinin biraz yüksek olduğu göz önüne alındığında, bu durum yaz aylarında havadaki yüksek nem oranıyla birleştiğinde mantar hastalıkları riskinin arttığını göstermektedir. Tüm çeşitlerde gözlerin uyanması Nisan ayının ikinci haftasında, çiçeklenme ise Haziran ayının ilk haftasında gerçekleşmiştir. En erken ben düşme erken olgunlaşan 'Early Sweet' ve 'Trakya İlkeren' çeşitlerinde başlamış, en geç ise ‘Ugni Blanc’ ve ‘Red Globe’ çeşitlerinde gerçekleşmiştir. En erken olgunlaşma 937.7 gün.derece ile ‘Early Sweet’ çeşidinde, en geç olgunlaşma ise 1729.2 gün.derece ile ‘Ugni Blanc’ çeşidinde belirlendi. Gözlerin uyanmasından olgunluğa kadar geçen süre ‘Early Sweet’ çeşidinde 110 gün, ‘Ugni Blanc’ çeşidinde 170 gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bafra ilçesinde; yüksek rakımlı, güneye hafif eğimli, nem oranı düşük, denizden uzak seçilen alanlar erken ve orta sezonda olgunlaşan üzüm çeşitlerine uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yazın nem oranının yüksek olması, sonbaharda ise yoğun yağışlar Bafra bölgesinde mantar hastalığı riskini artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asma, Fenoloji, İklim İndeksleri, olgunlaşma, adaptasyon

Kaynakça

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