Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 171 - 188, 25.06.2018

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı zihin engelli, serebral
palsili ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin psikolojik
dayanıklılıkları ile ebeveynlik kendilik algılarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu
karşılaştırma için çalışmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
çalışma grubunu İstanbul ilinde yaşayan özel gereksinimli bireylerin
ebeveynleri oluşturmaktadır. 334 ebeveynin katıldığı çalışmada, ebeveynlerin
266’sını anneler, 68’ini ise babalar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Ebeveyn
Rolüne İlişkin Kendilik Algısı Ölçeği ile Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik
Dayanıklılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Özel gereksinimli bireylerin annelerinin ve
babalarının Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği puanlarının çocuklarının engel
türüne göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için yapılan analizler sonucunda
psikolojik dayanıklılık alt boyutlarında (yapısal stil, gelecek algııs, aile
uyumu, kendilik algısı, sosyal yeterlilik, sosyal kaynaklar) ve toplam puanda
anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda özel gereksinimli
bireylerin annelerinin Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin Kendilik Algısı ölçeği
puanlarının çocuklarının engel türüne göre de anlamlı bir fark olmadığı
görülmüştür. Buna karşın, babalarının Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin Kendilik Algısı
yeterlilik alt boyutunda sadece çocuğu zihin engelli olan babalar ile çocuğu
serebral palsi olanlar arasında selebral palsi olanların lehine anlamlı bir
fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ebeveynlerin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği
puanlarının ebeveyn türüne göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına bakıldığında;
aile uyumu, kendilik algısı, sosyal yeterlilik ve toplam puanda aradaki farkın
anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak anne ve babaların Ebeveyn Rolüne ilişkin
Kendilik Algıları puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akkök, F., Aşkar, P. ve Karancı, N. (1992). Özürlü bir çocuğa sahip anne-babalardaki stresin yordanması. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 1(2), 8-12.
  • Altındağ, Ö., İşcan, A., Akcan, S., Köksal, S., Erçin, M. ve Ege, L. (2007). Serebral palsili çocukların annelerinde anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri. FTR-Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 53: 232-41.
  • Alvord, M. & Grados, J. (2005). Enhancing resilience in children: a proactive approach. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36: 238-245.
  • Al-Kandari, H. Y., & Al-Qashan, H. (2010). Maternal self-efficacy of mothers of children with intellectual developmental disabilities, down syndrome, and autism in Kuwait. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 27(1), 21-39.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM 5. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Angley, M., Divney, A., Magriples, U., & Kershaw, T. (2015). Social support, family functioning and parenting competence in adolescent parents. Maternal and child health journal, 19(1), 67-73.
  • Arman, N.(2009). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip anne ve babaların algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri ile tükenmişlik ve kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Bandeira, T. T. A. & Seidl-de-Moura, M. L. (2012). Mothers and fathers’ beliefs about parental investment. Paidéia, 22(53), 355-363. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272253201307
  • Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). Autism and asperger syndrome. New York: Oxford.
  • Basım, N. ve Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeğinin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(2), 104-14.
  • Bayat, M., Salehi, M., Bozorgnezhad, A., & Asghari, A. (2011). The comparison of psychological problems between parents of ıntellectual disabilities children and parents of normal children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12 (4), 471-475.
  • Bax, M., Goldstein, M., Rosenbaum, P., Leviton, A. & Panneth, N. (2005). Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol; 47, 571-576.
  • Beck, A., Daley, D., Hasting, R. P. & Stevenson, S. (2004). Mothers’ expressed emotion towards children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 628-633.
  • Becvar, D. S. (2013). Family resilience relative to mental health challenges becvar (ed.), Handbook of Family Resilience, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2_24, © Springer Science Business Media New York, 2013.
  • Bekhet, A. K., Johnson, N. L. & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2012). Resilience in family members of persons with autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(10), 650-656.
  • Bernier, R. A. & Gerdts, J. (2010). Autism spectrum disorder: a reference handbook. California: Greenwood publishing group. Web site: http://books.google.com.tr adresinden 01 Nisan 2012 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C.F., & Bell, R. (2013). The buffering effect of resilience upon stress, anxiety and depression in parents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 25(5), 533-543
  • Blair, E. & Watson, L. (2006). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy. SeminFetal Neonatal Med, 11(2): 117-25.
  • Bornstein, M. C. & Cote, L. C. (2004). Mothers’ parenting cognitions in cultures of origin, acculturating cultures, and cultures of destination. Child Development, 75(1), 221-235.
  • Boström, P. K., Broberg, M., & Bodin, L. (2011). Child's positive and negative impacts on parents—A person-oriented approach to understanding temperament in preschool children with intellectual disabilities. Research in developmental disabilities, 32(5), 1860-1871.
  • Boström, P., Broberg, M., & Hwang, C. P. (2010). Different, difficult or distinct? Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of temperament in children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(9), 806–819.
  • Boyd, B. A. (2002). Examining the relationship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. [Elektronik versiyon]. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(4), 208-215. Boyd, R. N., Jordan, R., Pareezer, L., Moodie, A., Finn, C., Luther, B., Weir, K. et al (2013). Australian Cerebral Palsy child study: protocol of a prospective population based study of motor and brain development of preschool aged children with cerebral palsy. BMC neurology, 13(1), 1.
  • Breitkreuz, R., Wunderli, L., Savage, A., & McConnell, D. (2014). Rethinking resilience in families of children with disabilities: A socioecological approach.Community, Work & Family, 17(3), 346-365.
  • Butcher, P. R., Wind, T. & Bouma, A. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of a child with a hemiparesis: sources of stress, intervening factors and longterm expressions of stress. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(4), 530-541.
  • Corwyn, R. F. & Bradle, R. H (1999). Determinants of paternal and material investment in chıldren. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20(3), 238-256.
  • Coşkun, Y. ve Akkaş, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğu olan annelerin sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 10 (1).
  • Dabrowska, A. & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3): 266-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x.
  • Delvecchio, E., Di Riso, D. & Salcuni, S. (2015). Self-perception of parental role, family functioning, and familistic beliefs in Italian parents: Early evidence. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01983.
  • Dukmak, S. J., & Aburezeq, I. M. (2012). Family functioning, social opportunities and health as predictors of stress in families of children with developmental disability in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of the International Special Needs Education, 15(2), 120-135.
  • Duygun, T. (2001). Zihinsel engelli ve sağlıklı çocuk annelerinde stres belirtileri, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve algılanan sosyal desteğin tükenmişlik düzeyine olan etkisi. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L. &Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behavior problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 657-671.
  • Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X. H. & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism the International Journal of Research and Practice, 13(4), 375-387.
  • Gehrmann, F. E., Coleman, A., Weir, K. A., Ware, R. S. & Boyd, R. N. (2014). School readiness of Children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurolo. Doı: 10.1111/dmcn. 12377
  • Gerstein, E. D., Crnic, K., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2009). Resilience and the course of daily parenting stress in families of young children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(12), 981-997.
  • Glidden, L. M., Bamberger, K. T., Turek, K. C., & Hill, K. L. (2010). Predicting mother/father–child ınteractions: parental personality and well‐being, socioeconomic variables and child disability status. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(1), 3-13.
  • Gülaldı, D. (2010). Erken çocuklukta serebral palsili ve otistik çocuk annelerinin ebeveyn stres düzeylerinin yaşam doyumları ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Güler, M. ve Yetim, Ü. (2008). Ebeveyn rolüne ilişkin kendilik algısı ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (22), 34-43.
  • Ha, J. H., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., & Greenberg, J. S. (2008). Age and gender differences in the well-being of midlife and aging parents with children with mental health or developmental problems: Report of a national study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49(3), 301-316.
  • Hastings, R. P.,& Brown, T. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy, and mental health. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107(3), 222-232.
  • Hayes, S. A. & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: a meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629-642. doi: 10. 1007/s10803-012-1604-y.
  • Hoogsteen, L. & Woodgate, R. L. (2013). Centering Autism within the family: A qualitative approach to autism and the family. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(2), 135-140.
  • Hyun, O. K. (2000). Parental role satisfaction among Korean mothers (I). International Journal of Human Ecology, 1 (1), 1-14.
  • Ingersoll, B. & Lalonde, K. (2010). The impact of object and gesture imitation training on language use in children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53: 1040–1051.
  • Ingersoll, B. & Hambrick, D. Z. (2011). The relationship between the broader autism phenotype, child severity, and stress and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 337-344.
  • Johnson, N., Frenn, M., Feetham, S., & Simpson, P. (2011). Autism spectrum disorder: parenting stress, family functioning and health related quality of life. Families, Systems and Health, 29(3), 232-252.
  • Jones, T.L.,& Prinz, R.J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 341-363.
  • Kaner, S., Bayraklı, H. ve Güzeller, C. O. (2011). Anne-babaların yılmazlık algılarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 12(2) 63-78.
  • Kaptan, S. (1998). Bilimsel Araştırma ve İstatistik Teknikleri. (11. Baskı). Ankara: Tek Işık Web Ofset.
  • Kobal, G. (2005). Ortopedik yetersizlikten etkilenmiş olan ve sağlık yetersizliği olan çocuklar. A. Ataman (Ed.) Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklar ve Özel Eğitime Giriş içinde (361-3872), 2. Baskı. Ankara: Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık. Korkmaz, B. (2010). Otizm: Klinik ve nörobiyolojik özellikleri, erken tanı, tedavi ve bazı güncel gelişmeler. Türk Pediatri Arşivi Dergisi, 45: 80, 37-44.
  • Kuzucu, Y. (2011).Değişen babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (35), 79-91 . Küçüker, S. (1993). Özürlü çocuk ailelerine yönelik psikolojik danışma hizmetleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 1 (3), 23-29.
  • Lloyd, T. J., & Hastings, R. (2009). Hope as a psychological resilience factor in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(12), 957-968.
  • Lubetsky, M. J., Handen, B. L. & Mcgonigle, J. J. (2011). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Newyork: Oxford.
  • Luthar, S. S.,& Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-885.
  • Lyons, A. M., Leon, S. C., Phelps, C. E. R., & Dunleavy, A. M. (2010). The impact of child symptom severity on stress among parents of children with ASD: the moderating role of coping styles. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 516 -524.
  • Ma, J. L., Lai, K., & Pun, S. H. (2002). Parenting distress and parental investment of Hong Kong Chinese parents with a child having an emotional or behavioural problem: A qualitative study. Child & Family Social Work, 7 (2), 99-106.
  • MacPhee, D., Fritz, J., & Miller-Hely, J. (1996). Ethnic variations in personal social networks and parenting. Child Development, 67, 3278-3295. doi: 10. 2307/1131779
  • Masten, A. S. & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53: 205-220.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56 (3), 227-238.
  • McConnell, D. & Savage, A. (2015). Stress and resilience among families caring for children with ıntellectual disability: expanding the research agenda. Curr Dev Disord Rep, 2: 100-109 DOI 10. 1007/s40474-015-0040-
  • McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Chang, M. Y., Jarrah, S., & Shukri, R. (2008). The impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Nursing Studies,45(1), 65-74.
  • Mei, C., Reilly, S., Reddihough, D., Mensah, F., Green, J., Pennington, L. & Morgan, A. T. (2015). Activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: parent perspectives. Disability and Rehabilitation 2015, (ePub ahead of print), 1-10. DOI link to article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.999164.
  • Migerode, F., Maes, B., Buysse, A. & Brondeel, R. (2012). Quality of Life in Adolescents with a Disability and Their Parents: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Resilience. J Dev Phys Disabil, 24: 487-503 DOI 10.1007/s10882-012-9285-1.
  • Montigny, F. & Lacharite, C., 2005. Perceived parental self-efficacy: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49, 387–396.
  • Myers, B. J., Mackintosh, V. H. & Goin-Kochel, R. P. (2009). My greatest joy and my greatest heart ache: Parents’ own words on how having a child in the autism spectrum has affected their lives and their families’ lives. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3: 670-684.
  • Osborne, L.,& Reed, P. (2010). Stress and self-perceived parenting behaviors of parents of children with autistic spectrum conditions. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4 (3), 405-414.
  • Ozturk, Y., Riccadonna, S., & Venutiİ P. (2014). Parenting dimensions in mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8 (10), 1295-1306.
  • Özşenol, F., Işıkhan, V., Ünay, B., Aydın, H. İ., Akın, R. ve Gökçay, E. (2003). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin aile işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 45 (2): 156-164.
  • Perry-Jenkins, M.,Repetti, R. L. & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 981-998.
  • Poon, K. K., Koh, L., & Magiati, I. (2013). Parental perspectives on the importance and likelihood of adult outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorders, ıntellectual disabilities or multiple disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(2), 382-390.
  • Rezendes, D. L. & Scarpa, A. (2011). Associations between parental anxiety/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: the roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Autism Research and Treatment. Article ID 395190, 10 pages doi: 10.1155/2011/395190.
  • Rodriguez, C. M. & Murphy, L. E. (1997). Parenting stres and abuse potential in mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Child Maltreatment, 97 (3), 245-52. Rosemary, L. Hopcroft, R. L. & Martin, D. O. (2014). The primary parental investment in children in the contemporary USA is education testing the trivers-willard hypothesis of parental investment. Human Nature, 25 (2), 235-250.
  • Rosenblum-Fishman, Sara D. (2013). Maternal Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stigma Among Mothers of Children with ASD, ADHD, and Typically Developing Children. Graduate Doctoral Dissertations. Paper 137
  • Seybold, J., Fritz, J., & MacPhee, D. (1991). Relation of social support to the self‐perceptions of mothers with delayed children. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(1), 29-36.
  • Schieve, L. A., Blumberg, S. J., Rice, C., Visser, S. N. & Boyle, C. (2007). The relationship between autism and parenting stress [Elektronik versiyon]. Pediatrics, 119(1), 114-121.
  • Seabra, K. C. (2007). A paternidade em família urbana: Análise da participação do pai na creche-escola e nos cuidados com os fi lhos (Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Sicila-Kira, C. (2006). Adolescents On The Autism Spectrum. USA: Penguin Group.
  • Stoneman, Z. (2007). Examining the Down syndrome advantage: mothers and fathers of young children with disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(12), 1006-1017.
  • Telef, B. B. (2013) Engelli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin öz-yeterliklerinin ve psikolojik belirtilerinin incelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 33-49.
  • Thompson, S., Hiebert-Murphy, D., & Trute, B. (2013). Parental perceptions of family adjustment in childhood developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), 24-37.
  • Toth, K., Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A., Greenson, J. & Fein, D. (2007). Early social, imitation, play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 145–157.
  • Tusaie, K. & Dyer, J. (2004), Resilience: A historical review of the construct, Holistic Nursing Practice, 18 (1), 3-8.
  • Uğuz, Ş., Toros, F., İnanç, B. Y. ve Çolakkadıoğlu, O. (2004). Zihinsel ve/veya bedensel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon ve stres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7, 42-47.
  • Vanderweele, J.V. & Cook, E. (2003). Genetics of childhood disorders: XLVI. Autism, Part 5: Genetics of autism. Journal of American Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(1), 116-118.
  • Wang, P., Michaels, C. A., & Day, M. S. (2011). Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(6), 783-795.
  • Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6 (1), 115-130.
  • Wing, L. (2012). Otizm el rehberi. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). International classification of diseases (ICD-10). http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F70-F79
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, (5. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 171 - 188, 25.06.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akkök, F., Aşkar, P. ve Karancı, N. (1992). Özürlü bir çocuğa sahip anne-babalardaki stresin yordanması. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 1(2), 8-12.
  • Altındağ, Ö., İşcan, A., Akcan, S., Köksal, S., Erçin, M. ve Ege, L. (2007). Serebral palsili çocukların annelerinde anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri. FTR-Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 53: 232-41.
  • Alvord, M. & Grados, J. (2005). Enhancing resilience in children: a proactive approach. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36: 238-245.
  • Al-Kandari, H. Y., & Al-Qashan, H. (2010). Maternal self-efficacy of mothers of children with intellectual developmental disabilities, down syndrome, and autism in Kuwait. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 27(1), 21-39.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM 5. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Angley, M., Divney, A., Magriples, U., & Kershaw, T. (2015). Social support, family functioning and parenting competence in adolescent parents. Maternal and child health journal, 19(1), 67-73.
  • Arman, N.(2009). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip anne ve babaların algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri ile tükenmişlik ve kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Bandeira, T. T. A. & Seidl-de-Moura, M. L. (2012). Mothers and fathers’ beliefs about parental investment. Paidéia, 22(53), 355-363. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272253201307
  • Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). Autism and asperger syndrome. New York: Oxford.
  • Basım, N. ve Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeğinin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(2), 104-14.
  • Bayat, M., Salehi, M., Bozorgnezhad, A., & Asghari, A. (2011). The comparison of psychological problems between parents of ıntellectual disabilities children and parents of normal children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12 (4), 471-475.
  • Bax, M., Goldstein, M., Rosenbaum, P., Leviton, A. & Panneth, N. (2005). Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol; 47, 571-576.
  • Beck, A., Daley, D., Hasting, R. P. & Stevenson, S. (2004). Mothers’ expressed emotion towards children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 628-633.
  • Becvar, D. S. (2013). Family resilience relative to mental health challenges becvar (ed.), Handbook of Family Resilience, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2_24, © Springer Science Business Media New York, 2013.
  • Bekhet, A. K., Johnson, N. L. & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2012). Resilience in family members of persons with autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(10), 650-656.
  • Bernier, R. A. & Gerdts, J. (2010). Autism spectrum disorder: a reference handbook. California: Greenwood publishing group. Web site: http://books.google.com.tr adresinden 01 Nisan 2012 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C.F., & Bell, R. (2013). The buffering effect of resilience upon stress, anxiety and depression in parents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 25(5), 533-543
  • Blair, E. & Watson, L. (2006). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy. SeminFetal Neonatal Med, 11(2): 117-25.
  • Bornstein, M. C. & Cote, L. C. (2004). Mothers’ parenting cognitions in cultures of origin, acculturating cultures, and cultures of destination. Child Development, 75(1), 221-235.
  • Boström, P. K., Broberg, M., & Bodin, L. (2011). Child's positive and negative impacts on parents—A person-oriented approach to understanding temperament in preschool children with intellectual disabilities. Research in developmental disabilities, 32(5), 1860-1871.
  • Boström, P., Broberg, M., & Hwang, C. P. (2010). Different, difficult or distinct? Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of temperament in children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(9), 806–819.
  • Boyd, B. A. (2002). Examining the relationship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. [Elektronik versiyon]. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(4), 208-215. Boyd, R. N., Jordan, R., Pareezer, L., Moodie, A., Finn, C., Luther, B., Weir, K. et al (2013). Australian Cerebral Palsy child study: protocol of a prospective population based study of motor and brain development of preschool aged children with cerebral palsy. BMC neurology, 13(1), 1.
  • Breitkreuz, R., Wunderli, L., Savage, A., & McConnell, D. (2014). Rethinking resilience in families of children with disabilities: A socioecological approach.Community, Work & Family, 17(3), 346-365.
  • Butcher, P. R., Wind, T. & Bouma, A. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of a child with a hemiparesis: sources of stress, intervening factors and longterm expressions of stress. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(4), 530-541.
  • Corwyn, R. F. & Bradle, R. H (1999). Determinants of paternal and material investment in chıldren. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20(3), 238-256.
  • Coşkun, Y. ve Akkaş, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğu olan annelerin sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 10 (1).
  • Dabrowska, A. & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3): 266-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x.
  • Delvecchio, E., Di Riso, D. & Salcuni, S. (2015). Self-perception of parental role, family functioning, and familistic beliefs in Italian parents: Early evidence. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01983.
  • Dukmak, S. J., & Aburezeq, I. M. (2012). Family functioning, social opportunities and health as predictors of stress in families of children with developmental disability in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of the International Special Needs Education, 15(2), 120-135.
  • Duygun, T. (2001). Zihinsel engelli ve sağlıklı çocuk annelerinde stres belirtileri, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve algılanan sosyal desteğin tükenmişlik düzeyine olan etkisi. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L. &Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behavior problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 657-671.
  • Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X. H. & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism the International Journal of Research and Practice, 13(4), 375-387.
  • Gehrmann, F. E., Coleman, A., Weir, K. A., Ware, R. S. & Boyd, R. N. (2014). School readiness of Children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurolo. Doı: 10.1111/dmcn. 12377
  • Gerstein, E. D., Crnic, K., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2009). Resilience and the course of daily parenting stress in families of young children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(12), 981-997.
  • Glidden, L. M., Bamberger, K. T., Turek, K. C., & Hill, K. L. (2010). Predicting mother/father–child ınteractions: parental personality and well‐being, socioeconomic variables and child disability status. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(1), 3-13.
  • Gülaldı, D. (2010). Erken çocuklukta serebral palsili ve otistik çocuk annelerinin ebeveyn stres düzeylerinin yaşam doyumları ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Güler, M. ve Yetim, Ü. (2008). Ebeveyn rolüne ilişkin kendilik algısı ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (22), 34-43.
  • Ha, J. H., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., & Greenberg, J. S. (2008). Age and gender differences in the well-being of midlife and aging parents with children with mental health or developmental problems: Report of a national study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49(3), 301-316.
  • Hastings, R. P.,& Brown, T. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy, and mental health. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107(3), 222-232.
  • Hayes, S. A. & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: a meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629-642. doi: 10. 1007/s10803-012-1604-y.
  • Hoogsteen, L. & Woodgate, R. L. (2013). Centering Autism within the family: A qualitative approach to autism and the family. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(2), 135-140.
  • Hyun, O. K. (2000). Parental role satisfaction among Korean mothers (I). International Journal of Human Ecology, 1 (1), 1-14.
  • Ingersoll, B. & Lalonde, K. (2010). The impact of object and gesture imitation training on language use in children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53: 1040–1051.
  • Ingersoll, B. & Hambrick, D. Z. (2011). The relationship between the broader autism phenotype, child severity, and stress and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 337-344.
  • Johnson, N., Frenn, M., Feetham, S., & Simpson, P. (2011). Autism spectrum disorder: parenting stress, family functioning and health related quality of life. Families, Systems and Health, 29(3), 232-252.
  • Jones, T.L.,& Prinz, R.J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 341-363.
  • Kaner, S., Bayraklı, H. ve Güzeller, C. O. (2011). Anne-babaların yılmazlık algılarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 12(2) 63-78.
  • Kaptan, S. (1998). Bilimsel Araştırma ve İstatistik Teknikleri. (11. Baskı). Ankara: Tek Işık Web Ofset.
  • Kobal, G. (2005). Ortopedik yetersizlikten etkilenmiş olan ve sağlık yetersizliği olan çocuklar. A. Ataman (Ed.) Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklar ve Özel Eğitime Giriş içinde (361-3872), 2. Baskı. Ankara: Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık. Korkmaz, B. (2010). Otizm: Klinik ve nörobiyolojik özellikleri, erken tanı, tedavi ve bazı güncel gelişmeler. Türk Pediatri Arşivi Dergisi, 45: 80, 37-44.
  • Kuzucu, Y. (2011).Değişen babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (35), 79-91 . Küçüker, S. (1993). Özürlü çocuk ailelerine yönelik psikolojik danışma hizmetleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 1 (3), 23-29.
  • Lloyd, T. J., & Hastings, R. (2009). Hope as a psychological resilience factor in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(12), 957-968.
  • Lubetsky, M. J., Handen, B. L. & Mcgonigle, J. J. (2011). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Newyork: Oxford.
  • Luthar, S. S.,& Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857-885.
  • Lyons, A. M., Leon, S. C., Phelps, C. E. R., & Dunleavy, A. M. (2010). The impact of child symptom severity on stress among parents of children with ASD: the moderating role of coping styles. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 516 -524.
  • Ma, J. L., Lai, K., & Pun, S. H. (2002). Parenting distress and parental investment of Hong Kong Chinese parents with a child having an emotional or behavioural problem: A qualitative study. Child & Family Social Work, 7 (2), 99-106.
  • MacPhee, D., Fritz, J., & Miller-Hely, J. (1996). Ethnic variations in personal social networks and parenting. Child Development, 67, 3278-3295. doi: 10. 2307/1131779
  • Masten, A. S. & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53: 205-220.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56 (3), 227-238.
  • McConnell, D. & Savage, A. (2015). Stress and resilience among families caring for children with ıntellectual disability: expanding the research agenda. Curr Dev Disord Rep, 2: 100-109 DOI 10. 1007/s40474-015-0040-
  • McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Chang, M. Y., Jarrah, S., & Shukri, R. (2008). The impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Nursing Studies,45(1), 65-74.
  • Mei, C., Reilly, S., Reddihough, D., Mensah, F., Green, J., Pennington, L. & Morgan, A. T. (2015). Activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: parent perspectives. Disability and Rehabilitation 2015, (ePub ahead of print), 1-10. DOI link to article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.999164.
  • Migerode, F., Maes, B., Buysse, A. & Brondeel, R. (2012). Quality of Life in Adolescents with a Disability and Their Parents: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Resilience. J Dev Phys Disabil, 24: 487-503 DOI 10.1007/s10882-012-9285-1.
  • Montigny, F. & Lacharite, C., 2005. Perceived parental self-efficacy: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49, 387–396.
  • Myers, B. J., Mackintosh, V. H. & Goin-Kochel, R. P. (2009). My greatest joy and my greatest heart ache: Parents’ own words on how having a child in the autism spectrum has affected their lives and their families’ lives. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3: 670-684.
  • Osborne, L.,& Reed, P. (2010). Stress and self-perceived parenting behaviors of parents of children with autistic spectrum conditions. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4 (3), 405-414.
  • Ozturk, Y., Riccadonna, S., & Venutiİ P. (2014). Parenting dimensions in mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8 (10), 1295-1306.
  • Özşenol, F., Işıkhan, V., Ünay, B., Aydın, H. İ., Akın, R. ve Gökçay, E. (2003). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin aile işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 45 (2): 156-164.
  • Perry-Jenkins, M.,Repetti, R. L. & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 981-998.
  • Poon, K. K., Koh, L., & Magiati, I. (2013). Parental perspectives on the importance and likelihood of adult outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorders, ıntellectual disabilities or multiple disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(2), 382-390.
  • Rezendes, D. L. & Scarpa, A. (2011). Associations between parental anxiety/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: the roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Autism Research and Treatment. Article ID 395190, 10 pages doi: 10.1155/2011/395190.
  • Rodriguez, C. M. & Murphy, L. E. (1997). Parenting stres and abuse potential in mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Child Maltreatment, 97 (3), 245-52. Rosemary, L. Hopcroft, R. L. & Martin, D. O. (2014). The primary parental investment in children in the contemporary USA is education testing the trivers-willard hypothesis of parental investment. Human Nature, 25 (2), 235-250.
  • Rosenblum-Fishman, Sara D. (2013). Maternal Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stigma Among Mothers of Children with ASD, ADHD, and Typically Developing Children. Graduate Doctoral Dissertations. Paper 137
  • Seybold, J., Fritz, J., & MacPhee, D. (1991). Relation of social support to the self‐perceptions of mothers with delayed children. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(1), 29-36.
  • Schieve, L. A., Blumberg, S. J., Rice, C., Visser, S. N. & Boyle, C. (2007). The relationship between autism and parenting stress [Elektronik versiyon]. Pediatrics, 119(1), 114-121.
  • Seabra, K. C. (2007). A paternidade em família urbana: Análise da participação do pai na creche-escola e nos cuidados com os fi lhos (Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Sicila-Kira, C. (2006). Adolescents On The Autism Spectrum. USA: Penguin Group.
  • Stoneman, Z. (2007). Examining the Down syndrome advantage: mothers and fathers of young children with disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(12), 1006-1017.
  • Telef, B. B. (2013) Engelli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin öz-yeterliklerinin ve psikolojik belirtilerinin incelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 33-49.
  • Thompson, S., Hiebert-Murphy, D., & Trute, B. (2013). Parental perceptions of family adjustment in childhood developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), 24-37.
  • Toth, K., Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A., Greenson, J. & Fein, D. (2007). Early social, imitation, play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 145–157.
  • Tusaie, K. & Dyer, J. (2004), Resilience: A historical review of the construct, Holistic Nursing Practice, 18 (1), 3-8.
  • Uğuz, Ş., Toros, F., İnanç, B. Y. ve Çolakkadıoğlu, O. (2004). Zihinsel ve/veya bedensel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon ve stres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7, 42-47.
  • Vanderweele, J.V. & Cook, E. (2003). Genetics of childhood disorders: XLVI. Autism, Part 5: Genetics of autism. Journal of American Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(1), 116-118.
  • Wang, P., Michaels, C. A., & Day, M. S. (2011). Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(6), 783-795.
  • Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6 (1), 115-130.
  • Wing, L. (2012). Otizm el rehberi. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). International classification of diseases (ICD-10). http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F70-F79
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, (5. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Tüm Alanlar
Yazarlar

Aydan Aydın 0000-0001-5936-1052

Cennet Tuba Arslantürk Egin 0000-0002-3093-490X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2018
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, A., & Arslantürk Egin, C. T. (2018). Zihin Engelli, Serebral Palsili ve Otizmli Çocuk Ebeveynlerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ile Ebeveynlik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 37(1), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.364970