Investigation of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies by ELISA and IFA methods

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 66 - 70, 01.01.2022

Fahriye Ekşi , Tekin Karslıgil , Mehmet Erinmez , Mustafa Pehlivan

Öz

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), play role in etiology of malignancies as Burkitt Lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma alongside very common situation like Infectious Mononucleosis. Also in patients groups, like transplant and oncologic patients whose immune system especially depressed detection of EBV reactivation is important. In this study, investigation of results defined by Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA) and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) methods aimed. Between 2017 July and 2020 July in our laboratory, With 7455 samples Anti-VCA IgM results detected by the ELISA method were 3.9% positive, 94.1% negative, and 3% borderline. With 5510 samples Anti-VCA IgG results detected by the ELISA method were 82,3% positive, 16.1% negative, and 1.6% borderline. With 449 samples, 32.9% of Anti-VCA IgM, 96.8% of Anti-VCA IgG,55% of Anti-EA IgG, and 93.5% of Anti-EBNA antibody results detected by the IFA method were positive. Positive Anti-VCA IgM results were 3% by ELISA and 25% by the IFA, positive Anti-VCA IgG results were 96.3% by ELISA and 98% by IFA. ELISA Anti-VCA IgG sensitivity was found to be 96.3% and ELISA Anti-VCA IgM sensitivity was found to be 12.9% in statistical analysis, considering IFA as the gold standard. For serological diagnosis of acute EBV infection or reactivation of latent infection EBV Anti-VCA IgM, Anti-VCA IgG, Anti-EBNA IgG, Anti-EA IgG, and Anti-VCA IgG avidity antibodies should be evaluated together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epstein-Barr Virus, Immunoflourescent Antibody, Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, Anti-Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen

Kaynakça

• 1. Nowalk A, Green M. Epstein-Barr Virus. Microbiol Spectr. 2016; 4(3).
• 2. Hsu JL, Glaser SL. Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies: epidemiologic patterns and etiologic implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000; 34(1):27-53.
• 3. Duca KA, Shapiro M, Delgado-Eckert E, Hadinoto V, Jarrah AS, Laubenbacher R, et al. A virtual look at Epstein-Barr virus infection: Biological Interpretations. Plos Pathog. 2007; 3(10):1388-400.
• 4. Mithoe GD, Boelens E, Drenth J, Feikens HP, Benne CA. Comparison of five Epstein Barr virus (EBV) enzyme immunoassays, an automated chemiluminescence assay and immunoblot assay with the EBV immunofluorescence assay as a reference. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007; 15(1):122.
• 5. Ağaçfidan A, Bozacı M, Badur S. Epstein Barr virusu infeksiyonlarının tanısında kullanılan serolojik yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesi. Klimik Derg. 1991; 3:133-5.
• 6. Nystad TW, Myrmel H. Prevalence of primary versus reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with VCA IgG, VCA IgM and EBNA-1 antibodies and suspected infectious mononucleosis. J ClinVirol. 2007; 38: 292-7.
• 7. Sumaya CV, Ench Y. Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis in children. II. Heterophil antibody and viral-specific responses. Pediatrics. 1985; 75:1011-9.
• 8. De Paschale M, Clerici P. Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions. World J Virol. 2012; 1(1):31-43.
• 9. Hess RD. Routine Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics from the laboratory perspective: stil challenging after 35 years. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:3381-7.
• 10. Sener AG, Afsar I, Pinar E. Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, anti-VCA avidity by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays for assessment of Epstein-Barr virus immunologic state. J Virol Methods. 2009; 159:300-2.
• 11. Altuglu I, Aksoy A, Zeytinoglu A, Orman M. Evaluation of immunoblot-based assay for detecting Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antibodies. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2010; 44:231-6.
• 12. Gartner BC, Fischinger JM, Roemer K, Mak M, Fleurent B, Mueller-Lantzsch N. Evaluation of a recombinant line blot for diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus compared with ELISA, using immunofluorescence as reference method. J Virol Methods. 2001; 93:89-96.
• 13. Fung MK, Mordarski KT, Bader SA, Gronowski AM. Evaluation of the Wampole Laboratories ELISA-based assay for Epstein-Barr virus serology. Clin Chim Acta. 2002; 319:43-8.
• 14. Debyser Z, Reynders M, Goubau P, Desmyter J. Comparative evaluation of three ELISA techniques and an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Clin Diagn Virol. 1997; 8:71-81.
• 15. Haque T, Iliadou P, Hossain A, Crawford DH. Seroepidemiological study of Epstein-Barr virus infection in Bangladesh. J MedVirol. 1996; 48:17-21.
• 16. Hotchin NA, Crawford DH. The diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus associated disease. In: Morgan-Capner P, editors. Current topics in clinical virology. London: Laversham Pres; 1991, p. 115-40.
• 17. Wang PS, Evans AS. Prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in sera from a group of children in the People’s Republic of China. J Infect Dis. 1986; 153:150-2.
• 18. Fidan I, Yüksel S, Imir T. Değişik yaş gruplarında Epstein-Barr virus antikorlarının araştırılması. İnfeksiyon Derg. 2005; 19:453-6.
• 19. Feyzioğlu B, Özdemir M, Baykan M, Baysal B. Epstein-Barr virüs infeksiyonunun tanısında indirekt immünoflöresan ve ELISA tanı metodlarının karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Derg. 2011; 27:77-82.
• 20. Soylu M, Zeytinoğlu A, Altuğlu I. Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi’ne başvuran hastalarda enzim işaretli floresan test ile elde edilen Epstein-Barr virüsü serolojik test sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. Ege J Med. 2014; 53:119-23.
• 21. Ozkan A, Kilic SS, Kalkan A, Ozden M, Demirdag K, Ozdarendeli A. Seropositivity of Epstein-Barr virus in Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2003; 21:49-53.
• 22. Michalek J, Horvath R. High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 infections in children with cancer. BMC Pediatr. 2002; 2:1.
• 23. Farber I, Hinderer W, Rothe M, Lang D, Sonneborn HH, Wutzler P. Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection by novel ELISAs based on recombinant capsid antigens p23 and p18. J MedVirol. 2001; 63:271-6.
• 24. Kaşifoğlu N, Oz S, Dinleyici E. Comparison of Methods Used for the Diagnosis of Epstein-BarrViru sInfections in Children. Pol J Microbiol Vol. 2018; 67(1):81–88.
• 25. De Paschale M, Clerici P. Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions. World J Virol. 2012; 1(1):31-43.
• 26. Evans AS, Niederman JC, Cenabre LC, West B, Richards VA. A prospective evaluation of heterophile and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM antibody tests in clinical and subclinical infectious mononucleosis: Specificity and sensitivity of the tests and persistence of antibody. J Infect Dis. 1975; 132:546–554.
• 27. Schmitz H, Volz D, Krainick-Riechert C, Scherer M. Acute Epstein-Barr virus infections in children. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1972; 158:58–63.