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Madde Bağımlılığı İçin Etkili Bir Rehabilitasyon Merkezi Modeli

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 36, 2429 - 2446, 30.04.2021

Ayşe Gül Yavaş Ayhan , Fulya Akgül Gök

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.832144

Öz

Bağımlılık pek çok olumsuz sonucu bulunan, birey, aile ve toplumları olumsuz olarak etkileyen bir süreçtir. Olumsuz sonuçlarına rağmen günümüzde bağımlılık dünya genelinde artış göstermektedir. Bu artış, ülkeleri bağımlılıkla mücadele konusunda yeni yaklaşımlara ve farklı tedavi seçeneklerine yönlendirmektedir. Bu seçeneklerden biri de pek çok ülke tarafından tercih edilen ve rehabilitasyon sürecinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak görülen Terapötik Topluluk yaklaşımıdır. Terapötik Topluluk yaklaşımı; hastane dışı ortamda yatılı olarak bakım sağlayan; bireyi çevresi ile ele alan bir rehabilitasyon süreci yaklaşımıdır. Bu çalışmada Almanya’da bağımlılık geçmişi olan çocuk ve gençlere yönelik rehabilitasyon hizmeti sunan ve Terapötik Topluluk yaklaşımını benimseyen Parceval isimli kurumun, yapısı ve işleyişi anlatılmıştır. Yazarlar Erasmus + Program Internship Mobility kapsamında 3 ay süre ile (01.06.2018 – 29.08.2018 tarihleri arasında) Berlin’deki ilgili kurumda gözlem yapmış, bilgi edinmiş ve deneyim kazanmışlardır. Elde edilen deneyimlerin farklı bir bakış açısı sunarak, ülkemizde madde bağımlılığına yönelik yürütülen rehabilitasyon sürecine kakı sağlayacağı ve destek olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

madde bağımlılığı rehabilitasyon bağımlılık

Kaynakça

  • Ali, S. F., Onaivi, E. S., Dodd, P. R., Cadet, J. L., Schenk, S., Kuhar, M. J., and Koob, G. F. (2011). Understanding the global problem of drug addiction is a challenge for IDARS Scientists. Current Neuropharmacology, 9(1), 2–7. doi:10.2174/157015911795017245
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders: DSM-5.
  • Amering, M. and Schmolke, M. (2017). Ruh sağlığında iyileşme. (H. Soygür, Çev.ed.). İmaj Yayıncılık.
  • Bedir, E. (2016). Bağımlılığın derinlemesine analizi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(3), 476–479.
  • Cadoret, R.J., Troughton, E., O'Gorman, T.W. and Heywood, E. (1986). An adoption study of genetic and environmental factors in drug abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43(12), 1131-1136.
  • Correia, C.J., Benson, T.A. and Carey, K.B. (2005). Decreased substance use following increases in alternative behaviors: A preliminary investigation. Addictive Behaviors, 30(1), 19-27.
  • Coşkunol, H. and Altıntoprak, E. (1999).Alkol kullanımının genetik yönleri. Klinik Psikiyatri, 2, 222-229.
  • Creek, J. and Hughes, A. (2008). Occupation and health: A review of selected literature. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(11), 456-468.
  • Enoch, M.A., White, K.V., Harris, C.R., Rohrbaugh, J.W. and Goldman, D. (2002) . The relationship between two intermediate phenotypes for alcoholism: low voltage alpha EEG and low P300 ERP amplitude. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(5), 509-517.
  • Ercan, F.Z., Afyonoğlu, M.F. and Özdemir, H. (2017). Madde bağımlılığı rehabilitasyon modelleri. (Ed.).B. Erdağı. In: Current Debates in Philisophy & Psychology. London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • European Drug Report (2014). European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction. Spain. 9 Eylül 2020 tarihinde http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2014_en adresinden erişildi.
  • Gilvarry, E. (2000). Substance abuse in young people. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1), 55- 80.
  • Gökçearslan Çifci, E., and Polat Uluocak, G. (2010). Almanya’da madde bağımlısı çocuk ve gençlere yönelik bir rehabilitasyon modeli: Parceval. Kriz Dergisi, 18(2), 11-18.
  • Griffin, K. W. and Botvin, G. J. (2010). Evidence-based interventions for preventing substance use disorders in adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 19(3), 505-526.
  • Hughes, J.R., Pickens, R.W., Gust, S.W., Hatsukami, D.K. and Svikis, D.S. (1986). Smoking behavior of type A and type B smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 11(2), 115-118.
  • Kingston, S., Rose, M., Cohen-Serrins, J. and Knight, E. (2017). A qualitative study of the context of child and adolescent substance use initiation and patterns of use in the first year for early and later initiators. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0170794.
  • Koca, C. and Ünal, F. (2019). Waldorf Anaokulu Eğitimcileri ile bu okula devam eden çocukların ebeveynlerinin eğitimle ilgili kavramlara ilişkin görüşleri. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE), 20(2), 534-554.
  • Kramer, E.J., Kwong, K., Lee, E. and Chung, H. (2002). Cultural factos influencing the mental health of Asian Americans. Western Journal of Medicine, 176(4), 227-231.
  • Luborsky, L. (1984). Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A manual for supportive/expressive treatment. New York: Basic Books.
  • Malivert, M., Fatseas, M., Denis, C., Langlois, E., and Auriacombe, M. (2012). Effectiveness of therapeutic communities: a systematic review. European Addiction Research, 18(1), 1-11.
  • McLellan, A. T., Carise, D. and Kleber, H. D. (2003) Can the national addiction treatment infrastructure support the public's demand for quality care? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 25, 117–121.
  • McLellan, A. T. and Weisner, C. (1996) Achieving the public health potential of substance abuse treatment: implications for patient referral, treatment ‘matching’ and outcome evaluation. Bickel, W. and DeGrandpre, R. (Eds.), In: Drug policy and human nature. Boston: Springer.
  • Miller, W. R., and Carroll, K. M. (2006). Rethinking substance abuse: What the science shows, and what we should do about it. New York: Guilford Press.
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (NIDA). (1999). Principles of drug addiction treatment- A research-based guide. http://drugnet.bizland.com/Principles.pdf.
  • Osman, M.M. (1998). Predicting rehabilitated or relapsed status of Malay drug addicts in Singapore: The role of familial, individual, religious and social support factors. Doctoral dissertation, UMI Dissertation Services.
  • Ögel, K. (2010). Sigara, alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları: Tanı, tedavi ve önleme. İstanbul: Yeniden Yayınları.
  • Özbay, Y., Yılmaz, S., Büyüköztürk, Ş., Aliyev, R., Tomar, İ. H., Eşici, H., Yancar, C. and Akyılmaz, F. D. (2018). Madde bağımlılığı: Temiz bir yaşam için bireyin güçlendirilmesi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(1), 113-130.
  • Öztürk, M. O. ve Uluşahin, N.A., (2016). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları.14. Baskı. İstanbul: Evrim Basımevi.
  • Par-ve-val Jugendhilfe und Suchthilfe im Verbund. 15 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.parceval.de/%C3%BCber-uns/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Pratt, C.W. Gill, K.J., Barrett, N.M., Roberts, M.M. (2013). Psychiatric rehabilitation.Third Edition. Academic Press.
  • Schroeder, J.R., Latkin, C.A., Hoover, D.R., Curry, A.D., Knowlton, A.R. and Celentano, D.D. (2001). Illicit drug use in one's social network and in one's neighborhood predicts individual heroin and cocaine use. Annals of Epidemiology, 11(6), 389-394.
  • Tapan, M. G., and Derin, M. (2017). Hollanda’daki madde bağımlılığı tedavi ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin incelenmesi: Tactus Kurumu uygulamaları. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 10, 70-81.
  • Triffleman, E., Marmar, C, Delucchi, K., and Ronfeldt, H . (1995). Childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in substance abuse inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 172-176.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). World drug report. 20 Kasım 2020 tarihinde http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2017/June/world-drug-report2017_29-5-million-people-globally-suffer-from-drug-use-disorders-opioids-themost-harmful.html adresinden erişildi.
  • UNODC, I. (2020). United Nations New York, NY. 10 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/en/drug-use-health.html adresinden erişildi.
  • Vanderplasschen W, Colpaert K, Autrique M, Rapp, R. C., Pearce, S., Broekaert, E., and Vandevelde, S. (2013). Therapeutic communities for addictions: a review of their effectiveness from a recovery-oriented perspective. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1–22.
  • Wasmuth, S., Pritchard, K., and Kaneshiro, K. (2016). Occupation-based intervention for addictive disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 62, 1-9.
  • WHO: International consultation to review communitybased rehabilitation (CBR). (n.d). Disability. 10 Eylül 2020 tarihinde http://www.who.int/ncd/disability adresinden erişildi.
  • World Health Organization (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. 16 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/global-status-report-on-alcohol-and-health-2018 adresinden erişildi.
  • Yüncü, Z., Özbaran, N., Altıntoprak, A., Aydın, C. and Coşkunol, H. (2007). Sokak yaşantısı olan-olmayan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin klinik ve sosyodemografik özellikleri. Türkiye’de Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1, 37-43.

An Effective Rehabilitation Center Model For Drug Addiction

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 36, 2429 - 2446, 30.04.2021

Ayşe Gül Yavaş Ayhan , Fulya Akgül Gök

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.832144

Öz

Addiction is a process that has many negative consequences and negatively affects individuals, families and societies. Despite its negative consequences, addiction is increasing worldwide today. This increase leads countries to new approaches and different treatment options in the fight against addiction. One of these options is the Therapeutic Community approach, which is preferred by many countries and seen as an integral part of the rehabilitation process. Therapeutic Community approach; providing inpatient care in a non-hospital environment; a rehabilitation process that deals with the individual with his environment is an approach. In this study, the structure and functioning of the institution called Parceval, which provides rehabilitation services for children and young people with addiction and adopts the Therapeutic Community approach, is explained. The authors have observed, learned and gained experience at the relevant institution in Berlin for 3 months (between 01.06.2018 - 29.08.2018) within the scope of Erasmus + Program Internship Mobility. It is thought that the experiences gained will contribute to and support the rehabilitation process for drug addiction in our country by presenting a different perspective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

rehabilitation addiction Drug abuse

Kaynakça

  • Ali, S. F., Onaivi, E. S., Dodd, P. R., Cadet, J. L., Schenk, S., Kuhar, M. J., and Koob, G. F. (2011). Understanding the global problem of drug addiction is a challenge for IDARS Scientists. Current Neuropharmacology, 9(1), 2–7. doi:10.2174/157015911795017245
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders: DSM-5.
  • Amering, M. and Schmolke, M. (2017). Ruh sağlığında iyileşme. (H. Soygür, Çev.ed.). İmaj Yayıncılık.
  • Bedir, E. (2016). Bağımlılığın derinlemesine analizi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(3), 476–479.
  • Cadoret, R.J., Troughton, E., O'Gorman, T.W. and Heywood, E. (1986). An adoption study of genetic and environmental factors in drug abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43(12), 1131-1136.
  • Correia, C.J., Benson, T.A. and Carey, K.B. (2005). Decreased substance use following increases in alternative behaviors: A preliminary investigation. Addictive Behaviors, 30(1), 19-27.
  • Coşkunol, H. and Altıntoprak, E. (1999).Alkol kullanımının genetik yönleri. Klinik Psikiyatri, 2, 222-229.
  • Creek, J. and Hughes, A. (2008). Occupation and health: A review of selected literature. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(11), 456-468.
  • Enoch, M.A., White, K.V., Harris, C.R., Rohrbaugh, J.W. and Goldman, D. (2002) . The relationship between two intermediate phenotypes for alcoholism: low voltage alpha EEG and low P300 ERP amplitude. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(5), 509-517.
  • Ercan, F.Z., Afyonoğlu, M.F. and Özdemir, H. (2017). Madde bağımlılığı rehabilitasyon modelleri. (Ed.).B. Erdağı. In: Current Debates in Philisophy & Psychology. London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • European Drug Report (2014). European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction. Spain. 9 Eylül 2020 tarihinde http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2014_en adresinden erişildi.
  • Gilvarry, E. (2000). Substance abuse in young people. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1), 55- 80.
  • Gökçearslan Çifci, E., and Polat Uluocak, G. (2010). Almanya’da madde bağımlısı çocuk ve gençlere yönelik bir rehabilitasyon modeli: Parceval. Kriz Dergisi, 18(2), 11-18.
  • Griffin, K. W. and Botvin, G. J. (2010). Evidence-based interventions for preventing substance use disorders in adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 19(3), 505-526.
  • Hughes, J.R., Pickens, R.W., Gust, S.W., Hatsukami, D.K. and Svikis, D.S. (1986). Smoking behavior of type A and type B smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 11(2), 115-118.
  • Kingston, S., Rose, M., Cohen-Serrins, J. and Knight, E. (2017). A qualitative study of the context of child and adolescent substance use initiation and patterns of use in the first year for early and later initiators. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0170794.
  • Koca, C. and Ünal, F. (2019). Waldorf Anaokulu Eğitimcileri ile bu okula devam eden çocukların ebeveynlerinin eğitimle ilgili kavramlara ilişkin görüşleri. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE), 20(2), 534-554.
  • Kramer, E.J., Kwong, K., Lee, E. and Chung, H. (2002). Cultural factos influencing the mental health of Asian Americans. Western Journal of Medicine, 176(4), 227-231.
  • Luborsky, L. (1984). Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A manual for supportive/expressive treatment. New York: Basic Books.
  • Malivert, M., Fatseas, M., Denis, C., Langlois, E., and Auriacombe, M. (2012). Effectiveness of therapeutic communities: a systematic review. European Addiction Research, 18(1), 1-11.
  • McLellan, A. T., Carise, D. and Kleber, H. D. (2003) Can the national addiction treatment infrastructure support the public's demand for quality care? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 25, 117–121.
  • McLellan, A. T. and Weisner, C. (1996) Achieving the public health potential of substance abuse treatment: implications for patient referral, treatment ‘matching’ and outcome evaluation. Bickel, W. and DeGrandpre, R. (Eds.), In: Drug policy and human nature. Boston: Springer.
  • Miller, W. R., and Carroll, K. M. (2006). Rethinking substance abuse: What the science shows, and what we should do about it. New York: Guilford Press.
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (NIDA). (1999). Principles of drug addiction treatment- A research-based guide. http://drugnet.bizland.com/Principles.pdf.
  • Osman, M.M. (1998). Predicting rehabilitated or relapsed status of Malay drug addicts in Singapore: The role of familial, individual, religious and social support factors. Doctoral dissertation, UMI Dissertation Services.
  • Ögel, K. (2010). Sigara, alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları: Tanı, tedavi ve önleme. İstanbul: Yeniden Yayınları.
  • Özbay, Y., Yılmaz, S., Büyüköztürk, Ş., Aliyev, R., Tomar, İ. H., Eşici, H., Yancar, C. and Akyılmaz, F. D. (2018). Madde bağımlılığı: Temiz bir yaşam için bireyin güçlendirilmesi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(1), 113-130.
  • Öztürk, M. O. ve Uluşahin, N.A., (2016). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları.14. Baskı. İstanbul: Evrim Basımevi.
  • Par-ve-val Jugendhilfe und Suchthilfe im Verbund. 15 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.parceval.de/%C3%BCber-uns/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Pratt, C.W. Gill, K.J., Barrett, N.M., Roberts, M.M. (2013). Psychiatric rehabilitation.Third Edition. Academic Press.
  • Schroeder, J.R., Latkin, C.A., Hoover, D.R., Curry, A.D., Knowlton, A.R. and Celentano, D.D. (2001). Illicit drug use in one's social network and in one's neighborhood predicts individual heroin and cocaine use. Annals of Epidemiology, 11(6), 389-394.
  • Tapan, M. G., and Derin, M. (2017). Hollanda’daki madde bağımlılığı tedavi ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin incelenmesi: Tactus Kurumu uygulamaları. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 10, 70-81.
  • Triffleman, E., Marmar, C, Delucchi, K., and Ronfeldt, H . (1995). Childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in substance abuse inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 172-176.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). World drug report. 20 Kasım 2020 tarihinde http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2017/June/world-drug-report2017_29-5-million-people-globally-suffer-from-drug-use-disorders-opioids-themost-harmful.html adresinden erişildi.
  • UNODC, I. (2020). United Nations New York, NY. 10 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/en/drug-use-health.html adresinden erişildi.
  • Vanderplasschen W, Colpaert K, Autrique M, Rapp, R. C., Pearce, S., Broekaert, E., and Vandevelde, S. (2013). Therapeutic communities for addictions: a review of their effectiveness from a recovery-oriented perspective. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1–22.
  • Wasmuth, S., Pritchard, K., and Kaneshiro, K. (2016). Occupation-based intervention for addictive disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 62, 1-9.
  • WHO: International consultation to review communitybased rehabilitation (CBR). (n.d). Disability. 10 Eylül 2020 tarihinde http://www.who.int/ncd/disability adresinden erişildi.
  • World Health Organization (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. 16 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/global-status-report-on-alcohol-and-health-2018 adresinden erişildi.
  • Yüncü, Z., Özbaran, N., Altıntoprak, A., Aydın, C. and Coşkunol, H. (2007). Sokak yaşantısı olan-olmayan madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin klinik ve sosyodemografik özellikleri. Türkiye’de Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1, 37-43.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Gül Yavaş Ayhan 0000-0002-7061-7757

Fulya Akgül Gök 0000-0003-3657-8704

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi 5 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 36

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavaş Ayhan, A. G., & Akgül Gök, F. (2021). An Effective Rehabilitation Center Model For Drug Addiction. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 17(36), 2429-2446. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.832144
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