Somali Devlet Çatışması: Somali Güvenlik Devleti Politik Ekonomisini Yeniden İncelemek (1969-1991)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 206 - 233, 30.12.2019

Mohamed Osman Guudle , Muharrem Hilmi Ozev

Öz

Bu makale “Somali Bilimsel Sosyalizmi”nin ortaya çıkışı ile bahsekonu gelişmenin aynı dönemde gün yüzüne çıkan “Somali Cumhuriyeti” ekonomisi ve politikası üzerindeki ana etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Somali’deki çatışma üzerine mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamakta ve esas olarak “sosyalizm”in bağımsızlık sonrası Somali üzerindeki ekonomik ve politik etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada tümdengelimli araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılmaktadır. Dergi, kitap, akademik makale, tez, rapor ve çevrimiçi yayınlar şeklindeki veriler ikincil kaynak olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, bu araştırmanın yürütülmesinin temel amaçlarını doğrulamak maksadıyla devlet çatışması teorileri gözden geçirilmektedir.

Bu nedenle, Somali devlet ihtilafı iki ana teorik yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır; bunlar araçsalcı (instrumentalist) ve gelenekçi (traditionalist) yaklaşımlardır. Aynı şekilde, bu çalışmanın bulguları, ülke ekonomisinin “sosyalist sistem” tarafından derinden tahrip edildiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, “sosyalizmin” ülke ekonomisi üzerinde derin bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Yönetimin ilk yıllarında, önde gelen tüm mahsullerin üretimi ciddi bir şekilde düşüş göstermiştir. Bu durum ülkeyi gıda yardımına ve yabancıların kredilerine mecbur kılmıştır. Somali ekonomisi bu dönemde Etiyopya ve Kenya gibi komşu ülkelere kıyasla çok geride kalmıştır. Barre ve sosyalist sistemi klan bölünmesine sebebiyet vermiş ve daha sonra 1991'de iktidardaki rejimi ortadan kaldıran kayırmacılık, eşitsizlik, ihanet, etnik soykırım ve gerilla savaşı örgütlerinin ortaya çıkması nedeniyle etnik çatışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Somali, Somaliland, Sosyalizm, Bilimsel Sosyalizm, Devlet Çöküşü, Ekonomik Çöküş İç Savaş, Devletsizlik

Somali State Conflict: Revisiting the Political Economy of the Somali Security State (1969-1991)

Öz

This paper focuses on the emergence of “Somali Scientific Socialism” and its major impact on the emergence of the economy and politics of the ‘Somali Republic’ at that time period. The major objective of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature of the Somali conflict and mainly focuses on the economic and political impact of “socialism” on the post-independent Somalia. The deductive research approach with reference to the case study method is employed throughout the article. Data in the form of journals, books, academic papers, dissertations, reports, and online publications are used as secondary sources. In this paper, theories on state conflict are reviewed in order to justify the main objectives of conducting this research. Thus two major theoretical approaches to the Somali state conflict are studied i.e., instrumentalists and traditionalists. Likewise, the findings of this study showed that the country’s economy is deeply devastated by the ‘socialist system’. The paper concludes that ‘socialism’ had a profound impact on the economy of the country. In the early years of its rule, the production of all major crops drastically declined, which has forced the country to rely on food aid and loans from outsiders. Somalia’s economy during this period was disastrous in comparison to neighboring countries, such as Ethiopia, and Kenya. Barre and his socialist-style system formed a clan division and perpetrated ethnic clashes due to nepotism, disparity, treachery, ethnic genocide and emergence of guerrilla warfare organizations, which later removed the regime in power in 1991.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Somalia, Somaliland, Socialism, Scientific Socialism, State Collapse, Economic Collapse, Civil War, Statelessness

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