The Sunni Wing of the Lebanese Resistance Brigades: Fajr Forces

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 45 - 66, 19.07.2024

Özlem Acar

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1426078

Öz

Lebanon is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, which has always been on the agenda due to a 15-year civil war, its occupation by Syria and Israel, the exodus of Palestinian and Syrian refugees, and the presence of Hezbollah, the armed structure that is in the most important position within Iran's regional policies. Almost every political organization in the country has an armed wing. Since the National Army is not strong enough and the management of internal security institutions is allocated to different religious structures within the administrative system of the country, each different religious, sectarian and ethnic structure has tended to establish its own militia. Although groups of different ethnicities, religions and sects in the country cannot afford a new civil war, small-scale tensions arouse concern among the population from time to time. The southern regions of Lebanon have been repeatedly subjected to Israeli occupation since 1978. The Lebanese Resistance Brigades were established by Hezbollah with the argument of protecting these predominantly Shiite areas and the country in general against external threats. This structure includes groups of different religions and sects. Most recently, during the Hamas-Israel conflict that began on October 7, 2023, armed formations within the Lebanese Resistance Brigades carried out attacks against Israel from the South of Lebanon with the argument of easing the Israeli blockade of Gaza.The apparent partnership between the Fajr Forces and Hezbollah, ostensibly based on the fight against Israel, is a mutually beneficial cooperation in the background.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hezbollah, Fajr Forces, Lebanese Resistance Brigades

الجناح السني سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية: قوات الفجر

Öz

لبنان هو أحد أهم البلدان في الشرق الأوسط الذي لطالما كان على جدول الأعمال بسبب الحرب الأهلية التي دامت 15 عامًا، واحتلاله من قبل سوريا وإسرائيل، ونزوح اللاجئين الفلسطينيين والسوريين، ووجود حزب الله، الهيكل المسلح الذي يحتل الموقع الأهم ضمن سياسات إيران الإقليمية. فكل تنظيم سياسي في البلاد تقريباً لديه جناح مسلح. ونظراً لأن الجيش الوطني ليس قوياً بما فيه الكفاية، ولأن إدارة المؤسسات الأمنية الداخلية موكلة إلى هياكل دينية مختلفة داخل النظام الإداري للبلاد، فقد اتجهت كل بنية دينية ومذهبية وعرقية مختلفة إلى إنشاء ميليشيا خاصة بها. وعلى الرغم من أن الجماعات من مختلف الأعراق والأديان والطوائف في البلاد لا تستطيع تحمل حرب أهلية جديدة، إلا أن التوترات المحدودة النطاق تثير قلق السكان من وقت لآخر. تعرضت المناطق الجنوبية من لبنان مراراً وتكراراً للاحتلال الإسرائيلي منذ عام 1978. وقد أسس حزب الله سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية بحجة حماية هذه المناطق ذات الأغلبية الشيعية والبلد بشكل عام من التهديدات الخارجية. وتضم هذه البنية مجموعات من مختلف الأديان والطوائف. وفي الآونة الأخيرة، وخلال الصراع بين حماس وإسرائيل الذي بدأ في 7 تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 2023، قامت تشكيلات مسلحة ضمن سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية بشن هجمات ضد إسرائيل من جنوب لبنان بحجة تخفيف الحصار الإسرائيلي على غزة، والشراكة الظاهرة بين قوات الفجر وحزب الله التي تقوم ظاهرياً على محاربة إسرائيل هي تعاون متبادل المنفعة في الخلفية.

Anahtar Kelimeler

سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية, قوات الفجر, حزب الله

Lübnan Direniş Tugayları’nın Sünni Kanadı: Fecr Güçleri

Öz

Lübnan; 15 yıl süren bir iç savaşla, Suriye ve İsrail tarafından işgal edilmesiyle, maruz kaldığı Filistinli ve Suriyeli mültecilerin göçleriyle ve İran’ın bölgesel politikaları kapsamında en önemli konumda bulunan silahlı yapı olan Hizbullah’ın varlığıyla gündemde her zaman yer bulan Orta Doğu’nun en önemli ülkelerinden biridir. Ülkede neredeyse tüm siyasi yapılanmaların bir silahlı kanadı bulunmaktadır. Ulusal Ordu’nun yeteri kadar güçlü olmadığı, iç güvenlik kurumlarının yönetiminin ise ülkenin idari sistemi kapsamında farklı dini yapılara tahsis edilmiş olması nedeniyle her bir farklı dini, mezhebi ve etnik yapı kendi milis gücünü kurma eğiliminde olmuştur. Ülkede faaliyet gösteren farklı etnik köken, din ve mezhebe bağlı gruplar yeni bir iç savaşa girmeyi göze alamasalar da zaman zaman küçük çaplı gerginlikler halk arasında endişe uyandırmaktadır. Lübnan’ın güney bölgeleri 1978 yılından bu yana defalarca İsrail işgaline maruz kalmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak Şiilerin yaşadığı bu bölgeleri ve genel olarak ülkeyi dış tehditlere karşı koruma argümanıyla Hizbullah tarafından Lübnan Direniş Tugayları kurulmuştur. Bu yapı bünyesinde farklı din ve mezheplere bağlı gruplar barındırmaktadır. Lübnan Direniş Tugayları bünyesindeki silahlı yapılar son olarak 7 Ekim 2023 tarihinde başlayan Hamas-İsrail çatışmaları esnasında İrail’in Gazze’ye yönelik ablukasını hafifletebilmek argümanıyla Lübnan’ın Güney’inden İsrail’e yönelik saldırılar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu gruplardan Fecr Güçleri ile Hizbullah arasındaki görünürde İsrail’le mücadele temelli ortaklık arka planında her iki tarafa da fayda sağlayan bir işbirliğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hizbullah, Fecr Güçleri, Lübnan Direniş Tugayları

Kaynakça

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