Öz
Abstract
In recent years, the number of academic studies on Robert College and its place in the history of foreign schools has been increasing. One of these studies is the book titled "In the Footsteps of Robert College: The Educational Strategy of the American Missionaries in Turkey" prepared by Dr. Ayşe Aksu.
The work in question deals with Bebek Seminary and Robert College, which are the first examples of the schools opened in Istanbul by the American Board, and the stages before them, in separate sections, and examines them in detail.
Trying to reveal the past of an educational institution by trying a new methodology, the author presents Robert College as a product of the educational and Christianization activities carried out by the missionaries in their own countries. According to him, the accumulation of experience at the Foreign Mission School, which they opened in Cornwall and whose aim is to transform the "foreign" youth they brought from countries such as the Indians, China, the Ottoman Empire, and New Zealand during its nearly twenty years of life, is one of the important building blocks of Robert College. In a sense, the author brings together this section of American education history on the same bridge.
Another context in which Robert College is located is the activities of the French missionaries, who were both guides and rivals in every region American missionaries went to, and who had a very attractive and competent school in Istanbul according to the conditions of the day. On the other hand, they inevitably experience tension when they think that Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisi, which was opened by the Ottoman Empire during the establishment of Robert College, was opened with the influence and help of the French. Along with this tension, American missionaries have to go through a reform/revision in their institutional training activities as well as in all their works.
The Ottoman Capital, where American missionaries started to work for Armenians in particular and members of all religions in general, and Robert College would be established, had a deep-rooted scientific tradition. In addition, in this environment where the technological and military science of the West were blended at that time, the missionaries had to include "scientific knowledge" and "physics experiments" in their discourse and curriculum in order to find acceptors and students. We see this in Bebek Seminary and in their short-term secondary school in Pera.
Robert College, embodied with all these components, was seen as a new case, an out of line structure and a serious problem in the American missionary understanding. Because the main goal of the American Board missionary organization, to which it is affiliated, is to engage in acts of Christianization only and not to open the door to anything other than this goal. There is an extremely divisive debate and break between the conservatives and those on the field within the organization.
As a matter of fact, Cyrus Hamlin, the founding father and founder of Robert College, after ten years of hard work, was dismissed by the American Board organization in 1878 and left Istanbul. ABCFM, on the other hand, will manage the current Robert College at that time as an institution with intense missionary goals for many years.